# Vorontsov
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{{Short description|Russian noble family}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{no original research|date=December 2024}}
{{Expand Russian|Воронцовы|date=June 2018}}
}}
{{for|other people named Vorontsov|Vorontsov (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:RU_COA_Vorontsov_XI,_3.jpg|thumb|Coat of arms of the Princes Vorontsov in the [Empire of Russia](/source/Empire_of_Russia) (1845)]]
thumb|Coat of arms of the Counts Vorontsov-Dashkov (1895)
The '''House of Vorontsov''' ({{langx|ru|Воронцо́в}}), also '''Woroncow''' and ''' de Woroncow-Wojtkowicz''', is the name of a [Russian noble family](/source/Russian_nobility)[{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Vorontsov | volume= 28 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 212–213 |short= 1}}] whose members attained the dignity of [Count](/source/Count)s of the [Holy Roman Empire](/source/Holy_Roman_Empire) in 1744 and became Princes of the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire) on 6 April 1845, with the style of [Serene Highness](/source/Serene_Highness).[{{cite web | url=http://www.russianartdealer.com/vorontsov-family/ | title=Russian Art Dealer | Dealer in Russian Paintings, Sculpture | Collection and Galleries at Lindsay Russian Art }}][{{cite web | url=https://russiannobility.org/princes-of-the-russian-empire/ | title=Princes of the Russian Empire | date=21 March 2018 }}] Most likely, the Vorontsovs represent a collateral branch of the great [Velyaminov family](/source/Velyaminov_(family)) of Muscovite [boyar](/source/boyar)s, which claimed male-line descent from a [Varangian](/source/Varangian) nobleman named [Šimon](/source/%C5%A0imon).[''[Н. Новиков](/source/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).'' Родословная книга князей и дворян Российских и выезжих (Бархатная книга). В 2-х частях. Часть II. Тип: Университетская тип. 1787 г. Вельяминовы. Глава 19. стр. 20-21; и 22-24.] The Velyaminovs served as hereditary [mayor](/source/mayor)s of [Moscow](/source/Moscow) until the office was abolished by [Dmitry Donskoy](/source/Dmitry_Donskoy) (Prince of Moscow from 1359 to 1389), whose mother Alexandra came from this family.[{{cite web | url=https://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/rurik12.html#DM | title=Rurikids 12 }}]
==History==
The Vorontsov branch of the Velyaminovs reached a zenith of its power in the person of the boyar [Feodor Vorontsov](/source/Feodor_Vorontsov), who became ''de facto'' ruler of Russia during the minority of [Ivan IV](/source/Ivan_IV) ("Ivan the Terrible", 1543).[{{cite web | url=https://erenow.org/biographies/ivantheterriblepaynerobert/4.php | title=The Coronation of the Tsar - Ivan the Terrible }}] Three years later, he was accused of treason and beheaded.[{{cite web | url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/news/1348925 | title="Mystery of the Mind". Secrets of Ivan the Terrible's identity available in the Presidential Library's materials }}] For the next two centuries, the family history is obscure. Under [Empress Elizabeth](/source/Empress_Elizabeth) (reigned 1741–1762), its fortunes soared once again, when [Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov](/source/Mikhail_Illarionovich_Vorontsov) became Vice-Chancellor of the Russian Empire.[{{cite web | url=https://www.yerusha-search.eu/viewer/metadata/JTS-2801/ | title=Vorontsov, Counts }}] The [Vorontsov Palace](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Saint_Petersburg)) in [Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg), designed by [Rastrelli](/source/Rastrelli), remains a monument to his power.[{{cite web | url=http://www.saint-petersburg.com/palaces/vorontsov-palace/ | title=Vorontsov Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia }}]
During the reign of [Peter III of Russia](/source/Peter_III_of_Russia) (January to July, 1762), Mikhail Vorontsov was the most powerful man in Russia, as his niece [Elizaveta Vorontsova](/source/Elizaveta_Vorontsova) became the Emperor's mistress. Peter's wife [Catherine](/source/Catherine_II_of_Russia), alarmed by her husband's plans to divorce her and marry Elizaveta Vorontsova, deposed her husband, with great help from her bosom friend, [Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova](/source/Yekaterina_Romanovna_Vorontsova-Dashkova), the wife of Prince Dashkov and Elizaveta's own sister.[{{cite web | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/scandalous-true-story-behind-new-20380183 | title=The scandalous true story behind new Helen Mirren series Catherine the Great | website=[Daily Mirror](/source/Daily_Mirror) | date=3 October 2019 }}]
Yekaterina Dashkova's brothers, [Alexander](/source/Alexander_Vorontsov) and [Semyon Romanovich](/source/Semyon_Vorontsov), both became notable diplomats. The latter's son, [Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov](/source/Mikhail_Semyonovich_Vorontsov) (1782–1856), became a prominent general who fostered the colonisation of [New Russia](/source/New_Russia) and led the Russian army in the [Caucasus](/source/Caucasus). The Vorontsovs from this branch were inveterate [Anglophile](/source/Anglophile)s and supported many English servants, painters, and architects.[{{cite web | url=https://www.russianartdealer.com/vorontsov-family/ | title=Russian Art Dealer | Dealer in Russian Paintings, Sculpture | Collection and Galleries at Lindsay Russian Art }}]
[Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova](/source/Yekaterina_Romanovna_Vorontsova-Dashkova) bequeathed her vast possessions and the Vorontsov-Dashkov surname to her cousin, who formed a junior branch of the Vorontsov family with the distinct Vorontsov-Dashkov surname. Its most notable representative, [Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov](/source/Count_Illarion_Ivanovich_Vorontsov-Dashkov) (1837–1916), served as Minister of Imperial Properties (1881–1897) and as the General Governor of the [Caucasus](/source/Caucasus) in 1905–1915. He was officially in charge of the victorious Russian forces in the [Battle of Sarikamish](/source/Battle_of_Sarikamish) (December 1914 to January 1915) during the early months of [World War I](/source/World_War_I).[{{cite web | url=https://www.abattleaday.com/post/january-2nd-1915-the-battle-of-sarikamish | title=January 2nd, 1915 - the Battle of Sarikamish | date=2 January 2024 }}]
==Gallery==
File:Cnt Sadovaja Voroncovsky 17-04-2005.jpg|[Vorontsov Palace (Saint Petersburg)](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Saint_Petersburg))
File:Alupka castle3.jpg|[Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Alupka))
File:Vorontsov-Daskov with daughter.jpg|[Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov](/source/Count_Illarion_Ivanovich_Vorontsov-Dashkov) with his daughter, Countess Irina Illarionovna
File:Alexandr Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov.jpg|Count Alexander Illarionovich Vorontosv-Dashkov
File:Sofia Illarionovna Demidova.jpg|Countess Sofia Illarionovna Demidova (born Vorontsova-Dashkova)
File:SheremetevaIrIl.jpg|Countess Irina Illarionovna Sheremeteva (born Vorontsova-Dashkova)
File:M. I. Musina-Pushkina.jpg|Countess Maria Illarionovna Musin-Pushkina (born Vorontsova-Dashkova)
File:Cabanel - Portrait-of-Countess-Elizabeth-Vorontsova-Dashkova.jpg|Countess Elizabeth Andreevna Vorontsova-Dashkova (born [Shuvalov](/source/Shuvalov)a)
==See also==
* [Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Alupka))
* [Vorontsov Palace (Odessa)](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Odessa))
* [Vorontsov Palace (Saint Petersburg)](/source/Vorontsov_Palace_(Saint_Petersburg))
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|House of Vorontsov}}
* [http://www.vorontsovmuseum.org.ru/ Online museum of the Vorontsov Family] ([https://archive.today/20070928013847/http://www.vorontsovmuseum.org.ru/ archived])
Category:Russian noble families
Category:Vorontsov family
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Vorontsov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorontsov) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorontsov?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.