# Volutidae

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{{Short description|Family of sea snails}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Volutidae
| fossil_range = [Cretaceous](/source/Cretaceous) to Recent
| image = Voluta ebraea THELMA DIAS 01(pode usar).JPG
| image_caption = A live individual of the Hebrew volute ''[Voluta ebraea](/source/Voluta_ebraea)'' in its natural habitat
| taxon = Volutidae
| authority = [Rafinesque](/source/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque-Schmaltz), 1815
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = ''See text''
| synonyms_ref=
| synonyms= 
}}

[[Image:Scaphella junonia.jpg|thumb|Apertural view of a [shell](/source/gastropod_shell) of ''[Scaphella junonia](/source/Scaphella_junonia)'']]
'''Volutidae''', [common name](/source/common_name) '''volutes''', are a [taxonomic](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [predatory](/source/predatory) [sea snail](/source/sea_snail)s that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusk](/source/mollusk)s. Most of the species have no [operculum](/source/operculum_(gastropod)).

==Distribution==
This family of sea snails are found mainly in [tropical](/source/tropics) seas, though some species also inhabit the waters of the [polar circle](/source/polar_circle)s.

==Description==
The large head has the eyes sessile on the sides below the base of the tentacles. The tentacles are far apart, 
united by a broad veil over the head. The mantle is sometimes greatly developed, covering the sides of the shell. The siphon is recurved, short, with auricles on each side of the base. The foot is very large, partly hiding the shell. There is no operculum.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3782650 Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls]</ref>

The shell shows distinct plaits on the [columella](/source/Columella_(gastropod)). The [apex](/source/Apex_(mollusc)) of the [spire](/source/Spire_(mollusc)) is mamillated. The shells have an elongated [aperture](/source/Aperture_(mollusc)) in their first [whorl](/source/Whorl_(mollusc)) and an inner [lip](/source/Lip_(gastropod)) characterised by a number of deep [plait](/source/plait_(gastropod))s.

The family of Volutidae comprises a suite of large shells remarkable for their great beauty and elegance of form. 
The shell of species such as ''[Melo amphora](/source/Melo_amphora)'' can grow as large as 50&nbsp;cm (19.7 inches) in length.<ref name="Poutiers">Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in: '''FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1.''' Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome, FAO, 1998. page 597.</ref>

Volutes are distinguished by their distinctively marked spiral shells (to which the family name refers, ''voluta'' meaning "scroll" in [Latin](/source/Latin_language)).

The elaborate decorations of the shells has made them a popular collector's item, with the imperial volute (''[Voluta imperialis](/source/Cymbiola_imperialis)'') of the [Philippines](/source/Philippines) being particularly prized.

== Taxonomy ==
===Subfamilies and tribes===
According to Bail & Poppe (2001)<ref name="Bail & Poppe">Bail, P. & Poppe, G. T. (2001). '' A taxonomic introduction to the recent Volutidae''. In: Poppe, G. T. & Groh, K.: ''A Conchological Iconography''. 30 pp., 5 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, {{ISBN|3-925919-47-3}}.</ref> Volutidae can be subdivided into the following subfamilies and tribes:
* [Amoriinae](/source/Amoriinae) <small>Gray, 1857</small> 
**Tribe [Amoriini](/source/Amoriini) <small>Gray, 1857</small>
**Tribe [Meloini](/source/Meloini) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
**Tribe [Notovolutini](/source/Notovolutini) <small>Bail & Poppe, 2001</small>
* [Athletinae](/source/Athletinae) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
* [Calliotectinae](/source/Calliotectinae) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
* [Cymbiinae](/source/Cymbiinae) <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small>
**Tribe [Adelomelonini](/source/Adelomelonini) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
**Tribe [Alcithoini](/source/Alcithoini) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
**Tribe [Cymbiini](/source/Cymbiini) <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small>
**Tribe [Livoniini](/source/Livoniini) <small>Bail & Poppe, 2001</small>
**Tribe [Odontocymbiolini](/source/Odontocymbiolini) <small>Clench & Turner, 1964</small>
**Tribe [Zidonini](/source/Zidonini) <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small>
* † ''[Eovolutinae](/source/Eovolutinae)'' <small>Pacaud, 2016</small> 
* [Fulgorariinae](/source/Fulgorariinae) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
* † ''[Indovolutinae](/source/Indovolutinae)'' <small>Halder & S. S. Das, 2019</small> 
* [Plicolivinae](/source/Plicolivinae) <small>Bouchet, 1990</small>
* [Scaphellinae](/source/Scaphellinae) <small>Gray,  1857</small>
* † ''[Volutilithinae](/source/Volutilithinae)'' <small>Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954</small> 
* [Volutinae](/source/Volutinae) <small>Rafinesque, 1815</small>
**Tribe [Lyriini](/source/Lyriini) <small>[Pilsbry](/source/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry) & Olsson, 1954</small>
**Tribe [Volutini](/source/Volutini) <small>[Rafinesque](/source/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque-Schmaltz), 1815</small>

===Genera ===
Genera within the Volutidae include:
* ''[Adelomelon](/source/Adelomelon)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1906</small> 
* ''[Alcithoe](/source/Alcithoe)'' <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small> 
* ''[Amoria](/source/Amoria_(gastropod))'' <small>Gray, 1855</small><ref name="Bail et al. 2001">Bail, P., Limpus, A. & Poppe, G. T. (2001): ''The Genus'' Amoria. In: Poppe, G. T. & Groh, K.: ''A Conchological Iconography''. 50 pp., 93 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, {{ISBN|3-925919-46-5}}.</ref>
* ''[Ampulla](/source/Ampulla_(gastropod))'' <small>Röding, 1798</small>
* ''[Arctomelon](/source/Arctomelon)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1915</small>  
* ''[Athleta](/source/Athleta)'' <small>Conrad, 1853</small>
* ''[Callipara](/source/Callipara)'' <small>Gray, 1847</small>
* ''[Calliotectum](/source/Calliotectum)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1890</small>
* ''[Capensisvoluta](/source/Capensisvoluta)'' <small>S. G. Veldsman & J. H. Veldsman, 2022</small>
* ''[Cymbiola](/source/Cymbiola)'' <small>Swainson, 1831</small>
* ''[Cymbiolacca](/source/Cymbiolacca)'' 
* ''[Cymbium](/source/Cymbium_(gastropod))'' <small>Röding, 1798</small>
**''[Cymbium cymbium](/source/Cymbium_cymbium)''
**''[Cymbium glans](/source/Cymbium_glans)''
**''[Cymbium marmoratum](/source/Cymbium_marmoratum)''
**''[Cymbium olla](/source/Cymbium_olla)'' <small>([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae))</small>
**''[Cymbium pepo](/source/Cymbium_pepo)''
* ''[Enaeta](/source/Enaeta)'' <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) and [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small>
* ''[Ericusa](/source/Ericusa)'' <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) and [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1858</small>
* ''[Festilyria](/source/Festilyria)'' Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954 
* ''[Fulgoraria](/source/Fulgoraria)'' <small>Schumacher, 1817</small><ref name="Bail et al. 2010">Bail, P., Chino, M. & Terryn, Y. (2010). ''The Family Volutidae. The endemic Far East Asian subfamily Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954. A revision of the recent species''. In: Poppe, G. T. & Groh, K.: ''A Conchological Iconography''. 74 pp., 64 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, {{ISBN|978-3-939767-31-2}}.</ref>
* ''[Fusivoluta](/source/Fusivoluta)'' <small>E. von Martens, 1902</small>
upright=1.35|thumb|Livonia mammilla (Sowerby, 1844), museum specimen.
* ''[Harpovoluta](/source/Harpovoluta)'' <small>Thiele, 1912</small>
* ''[Harpulina](/source/Harpulina)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1906</small>
* ''[Iredalina](/source/Iredalina)'' <small>[Finlay](/source/Harold_John_Finlay), 1926</small>
* ''[Leptoscapha](/source/Leptoscapha)'' <small>Fischer, 1883</small>
* ''[Livonia](/source/Livonia_(gastropod))'' <small>Gray, 1855</small>
* ''[Lyria](/source/Lyria_(gastropod))'' <small>Gray, 1847</small>
* † ''[Mauira](/source/Mauira)'' <small>Marwick, 1943</small>
* † ''[Mauithoe](/source/Mauithoe)'' <small>Finlay, 1930</small>  
* ''[Melo](/source/Melo_(gastropod))'' <small>Broderip in Sowerby I, 1826</small>
[[Image:Scaphella lamberti.jpg|thumb|Two views of a [shell](/source/gastropod_shell) of ''[Scaphella lamberti](/source/Scaphella_lamberti)'', and in the center, a cut-down shell showing the folds on the [columella](/source/columella_(gastropod))]]
*  † ''[Metamelon](/source/Metamelon)'' <small>Marwick, 1926</small> 
* ''[Minicymbiola](/source/Minicymbiola)'' Klappenbach, 1979
* ''[Miomelon](/source/Miomelon)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1907</small>
* † ''[Mitreola](/source/Mitreola_(gastropod))'' Swainson, 1833 
* ''[Nannamoria](/source/Nannamoria)'' <small>Iredale, 1929</small>
* ''[Nanomelon](/source/Nanomelon)'' <small>Leal & Bouchet, 1989</small>
* ''[Nataliavoluta](/source/Nataliavoluta)'' <small>S. G. Veldsman & J. H. Veldsman, 2022</small>
* ''[Neptuneopsis](/source/Neptuneopsis)'' <small>Sowerby III, 1898</small>
* ''[Notopeplum](/source/Notopeplum)'' <small>Finlay, 1927</small>
* ''[Notovoluta](/source/Notovoluta)'' <small>Cotton, 1946</small>
* ''[Odontocymbiola](/source/Odontocymbiola)'' <small>Clench & Turner, 1964</small>
* ''[Pachycymbiola](/source/Pachycymbiola)'' <small>Ihering, 1907</small>
* † ''[Pachymelon](/source/Pachymelon)'' <small>[Marwick](/source/John_Marwick), 1926</small> 
* ''[Paramoria](/source/Paramoria)'' <small>McMichael, 1960</small>
* ''[Plicoliva](/source/Plicoliva)'' <small>Petuch, 1979</small>
* ''[Provocator](/source/Provocator_(gastropod))'' <small>Watson, 1882</small>     
* ''[Scaphella](/source/Scaphella)'' <small>[Swainson](/source/William_Swainson), 1832</small>
* ''[Spinomelon](/source/Spinomelon)'' <small>Marwick, 1926</small>     
* ''[Tenebrincola](/source/Tenebrincola)'' <small>Harasewych & Kantor, 1991</small>
* ''[Teramachia](/source/Teramachia)''
* ''[Ternivoluta](/source/Ternivoluta)'' <small>E. von Martens, 1897</small>
* ''[Tractolira](/source/Tractolira)'' <small>[Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1890</small>
* ''[Voluta](/source/Voluta)'' <small>[Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)</small>
* ''[Volutifusus](/source/Volutifusus)'' <small>Conrad, 1863</small>
* ''[Volutoconus](/source/Volutoconus)'' <small>Crosse, 1871</small>
* ''[Waihaoia](/source/Waihaoia)'' <small>[Marwick](/source/John_Marwick), 1926</small> 
* ''[Zygomelon](/source/Zygomelon)'' <small>Harasewych & Marshall, 1995</small> 
* ''[Zidona](/source/Zidona)'' <small>[H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) and [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1853</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{More footnotes needed|date=January 2010}}

==Further reading==
* [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=74300 ITIS]
* "Volute." ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2006.
* [Powell A W B](/source/Arthur_William_Baden_Powell), ''New Zealand Mollusca'', [William Collins Publishers Ltd](/source/HarperCollins), Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}
* Merle & Pacaud & Marivaux,  Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography; Zootaxa, 3826 (1) : 101–138, fig. 1-12, 2014

==External links==
{{Commons category|Volutidae}}
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7083312#page/11/mode/1up Biodiversity Library: Maxwell Smith, ''A review of the Volutidae'', Beal-Maltbie Shell Museum, Florida, 1942]
* [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0642/report.pdf Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642] {{PD-notice}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q741896}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Volutidae
Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
Category:Gastropod families
Category:Volutoidea

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Volutidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volutidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volutidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.