# Virendra Singh (physicist)

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Indian physicist (born 1938)

Virendra Singh Born (1938-06-08) 8 June 1938 (age 88) Bijnor, British Raj Alma mater Deva Nagri Inter college Meerut College Agra University University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California Institute of Technology Institute for Advanced Study Known for Studies on High energy physics Awards 1973 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize 1979 UGC Meghnad Saha Award 1995 Goyal Prize 1996 ISCA C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Gold Medal Scientific career Fields Theoretical physics Institutions Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Rockefeller University Doctoral advisor Geoffrey Chew Murray Gell-Mann

**Virendra Singh** (born 8 June 1938) is an Indian theoretical physicist and a former C. V. Raman chair professor and director of the [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research](/source/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research) (TIFR). Known for his research in [high energy physics](/source/High_energy_physics), Singh is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies - [Indian National Science Academy](/source/Indian_National_Science_Academy), [Indian Academy of Sciences](/source/Indian_Academy_of_Sciences) and [National Academy of Sciences, India](/source/National_Academy_of_Sciences%2C_India) as well as [The World Academy of Sciences](/source/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences). The [Council of Scientific and Industrial Research](/source/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research), the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology](/source/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology), one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Physical Sciences in 1973.[1][note 1]

## Biography

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

### Early life and education

Born in [Bijnor](/source/Bijnor) in the Indian state of [Uttar Pradesh](/source/Uttar_Pradesh), Singh completed his schooling at Dev Nagri Inter College, [Meerut](/source/Meerut) in 1951 and passed the intermediate course from [Meerut College](/source/Meerut_College) of [Agra University](/source/Agra_University) in 1953.[2] After earning a BSc in physics, chemistry and mathematics in 1955 and an MSc in physics in 1957 from the same institution, he joined [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research](/source/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research) as a research assistant the same year. Subsequently, taking a sabbatical from service, he enrolled for doctoral studies at [University of California, Berkeley](/source/University_of_California%2C_Berkeley) and worked under the guidance of [Geoffrey Chew](/source/Geoffrey_Chew), known for his contributions to the fields of [mesons](/source/Mesons) and [bootstrap model](/source/Bootstrap_model), to secure a PhD in 1962.[3] He stayed in the US to complete his post-doctoral work at three institutions, [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory](/source/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory) (1959–62) as a graduate student, [California Institute of Technology](/source/California_Institute_of_Technology) (1962–63) as a research fellow with [Murray Gell-Mann](/source/Murray_Gell-Mann)[4] and [Institute for Advanced Study](/source/Institute_for_Advanced_Study), Princeton (1963–64) as a member.[5]

### Career

On his return to India in 1964, he resumed his career at TIFR and served the institution in such various capacities as a professor (1970–81), senior professor (1981–90), and a professor of eminence till his superannuation from service in 2003. During this period, he held the directorship of the institution from 1987 to 1997. Post-retirement, he continued his association with TIFR as a C. V. Raman Research Professor of the [Indian National Science Academy](/source/Indian_National_Science_Academy) till 2008.[3] In between, he had two short stints at [Rockefeller University](/source/Rockefeller_University), first as a visiting associate professor during (1966–67) and then as a visiting professor during (1971–72).[2] When the Indian Physics Association and the [Institute of Physics](/source/Institute_of_Physics) jointly introduced an exchange lecture program in honor of [John Douglas Cockcroft](/source/John_Douglas_Cockcroft), [Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton](/source/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton) and [Homi J. Bhabha](/source/Homi_J._Bhabha) in 1998, he was the first to deliver the Homi Bhabha lecture in 2000.[2][6]

### Personal life

Singh lives in [Andheri](/source/Andheri) west in [Mumbai](/source/Mumbai).[7]

## Legacy

Nehru Science Center

Singh's studies spanned the fields of high energy physics, [quantum mechanics](/source/Quantum_mechanics) and [particle physics](/source/Particle_physics) and he has made reportedly significant contributions on [S-matrix theory](/source/S-matrix_theory) and symmetry theories of [hadrons](/source/Hadrons).[8] His collaboration with Virendra Gupta resulted in the development of *Gupta-Singh coupling constant sum rule*[9] related to [baryon](/source/Baryon) decuplet[10] and he worked along M. A. Beg to develop the *Beg-Singh SU (6) mass formula*.[11] His theoretical work on [scattering amplitudes](/source/Scattering_amplitudes) have helped widen the understanding of *high energy total cross-sections in hadronic processes*.[12] He proposed *Singh lemma*, a method of calculating the *threshold value of the amplitude from the [gauge condition](/source/Gauge_theory)*.[13][14] His other contributions include *Singh-Pais theorems* and *Singh-Roy bounds* related to [compton scattering](/source/Compton_scattering) and [scattering amplitudes](/source/Scattering_amplitudes).[15] His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles[note 2] and the article repository of the Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 84 of them.[16] Besides, he has contributed chapters to books published by others[17][18] including a lecture in a book edited by [B. V. Sreekantan](/source/B._V._Sreekantan)[19] and *Scientific Realism and Classical Physics*, a general article published in *History and Philosophy of Physics*[20] published by [Indian Council of Philosophical Research](/source/Indian_Council_of_Philosophical_Research).[21] His work has also drawn citations from other authors.[22][23]

### Professional associations

On the academic front, he was instrumental in organizing a school of research on theoretical physics at [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research](/source/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research), along with [Bhalchandra Udgaonkar](/source/Bhalchandra_Udgaonkar).[3] He has been a member of the editorial boards of *Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics* (1974–76 & 1989–91), *Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics* (1975–77), *[Pramana](/source/Pramana)* (1982–89), *Comments on Nuclear and Particle Physics* (1985–92) and *Asia-Pacific Physics Newsletter* (1990).[2] He chaired the board of research in nuclear science of the [Department of Atomic Energy](/source/Department_of_Atomic_Energy) and sat in the commission on particles and fields of [International Union of Pure and Applied Physics](/source/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics) from 1986 to 1993.[3] He was the vice president of the Indian Physics Association for 1983–84 and presided the association from 1985 to 1987.[24] He served as the chairman of the Mumbai chapter of *Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research* (SAMEER) of the [Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology](/source/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology) (1993–97) and the [Nehru Science Centre](/source/Nehru_Science_Centre) (1994–96). He has been associated with the Indian Academy of Sciences as a council member (1977–82) and with National Academy of Sciences, India as the president of its Mumbai chapter (2001–07). He has also been a member of the councils of a number of institutes and associations which included [Indian Statistical Institute](/source/Indian_Statistical_Institute) (1986–88), [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics](/source/Saha_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics) (1987–92), Indian Science News Association (1994–2001) and [National Council of Science Museums](/source/National_Council_of_Science_Museums) (1994–98).[2]

## Awards and honors

The Indian Academy of Sciences elected Singh as a fellow in 1970[25] and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize](/source/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize), one of the highest Indian science awards in 1973.[26] He became an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 1975[27] and four years later, the [university Grants Commission of India](/source/University_Grants_Commission_of_India) selected him for the 1979 Meghnad Saha Award.[5] He received the fellowship of the National Academy of Sciences, India in 1989[28] and the Goyal Prize for Physical Sciences in 1995.[2] The [Indian Science Congress Association](/source/Indian_Science_Congress_Association) awarded him the C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Gold Medal in 1996 and [The World Academy of Sciences](/source/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences) elected him as their fellow in 1999.[29] He is also a fellow of the [Institute of Physics](/source/Institute_of_Physics) and the award orations delivered by him include K. R. Ramanathan Memorial Lecture of [Physical Research Laboratory](/source/Physical_Research_Laboratory) (1995), Bicentennial Lecture of [Indian Institute of Astrophysics](/source/Indian_Institute_of_Astrophysics) (1995), S. N. Bose Memorial Lecture of [S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences](/source/S.N._Bose_National_Centre_for_Basic_Sciences) (1995), S. N. Bose Memorial Lecture of Kolkata Mathematical Society (1995), Meghnad Saha Lecture of National Academy of Sciences, India (1996) and Bhabha Memorial Lecture of the [Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers](/source/Institution_of_Electronics_and_Telecommunication_Engineers) (1997).[2]

## Selected bibliography

### Chapters

- *Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices : (December 14 – 18, 1999) [New Delhi]. 2(2000)*. Allied Publishers. 2000. pp. 1459–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-7023-998-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7023-998-7).

- Spenta R. Wadia (2007). *The Legacy of Albert Einstein: A Collection of Essays in Celebration of the Year of Physics*. World Scientific. pp. 165–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-277-271-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-277-271-8).

- B.V. Sreekantan (2010). *Remembering Einstein: Lectures on Physics and Astrophysics*. Oxford University Press. p. 164. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0198064497](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198064497).

- P. Ghosh (V. Singh – chapter) (2008). *History and Philosophy of Physics*. Indian Council of Philosophical Research. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0805.1780](https://arxiv.org/abs/0805.1780). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008arXiv0805.1780S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008arXiv0805.1780S).

### Articles

- Virendra Gupta, Virendra Singh (1964). "Sum Rules for Coupling Constants in Broken SU (3) Symmetry". *Physical Review*. **136** (B782): B782–B786. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1964PhRv..136..782G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRv..136..782G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1103/PhysRev.136.B782](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.136.B782).

- Virendra Singh (1967). "New Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering". *Phys. Rev. Lett*. **19** (730): 730–734. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1967PhRvL..19..730S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967PhRvL..19..730S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.730](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.19.730).

- S. M. Roy, Virendra Singh (1995). "Causal Quantum Mechanics Treating Position and Momentum Symmetrically". *Modern Physics Letters A*. **10** (8): 709–716. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[hep-ph/9410378](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9410378). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995MPLA...10..709R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995MPLA...10..709R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1142/S0217732395000752](https://doi.org/10.1142%2FS0217732395000752). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119464132](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119464132).

- Virendra Singh (1997). "Causal quantum mechanics". *Pramana*. **49** (1): 5–16. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997Prama..49....5S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Prama..49....5S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/BF02856334](https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02856334). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [122038060](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122038060).

- Virendra Singh (2009). "Bhabha's contributions to elementary particle physics and cosmic rays research". *Resonance*. **14** (5): 430–454. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0905.2264](https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.2264). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009arXiv0905.2264S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009arXiv0905.2264S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s12045-009-0045-1](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12045-009-0045-1). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [17616577](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17616577).

## See also

- [Rutherford scattering](/source/Rutherford_scattering)

- [Coulomb scattering state](/source/Coulomb_scattering_state)

- [Eightfold Way (physics)](/source/Eightfold_Way_(physics))

- [India portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India)
- [Physics portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Long link – please select award year to see details

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Please see *Selected bibliography* section

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-View_Bhatnagar_Awardees_1-0)** ["View Bhatnagar Awardees"](http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx). Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Biography_3-6) ["Biography"](http://theory.tifr.res.in/~vsingh/CV.pdf) (PDF). Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Indian_fellow_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Indian_fellow_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Indian_fellow_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Indian_fellow_4-3) ["Indian fellow"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191205034931/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0774). Indian National Science Academy. 2017. Archived from [the original](http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0774) on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-B._M._Udgaonkar_Eminent_Scientist_&_Educationist_5-0)** ["B. M. Udgaonkar Eminent Scientist & Educationist"](http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/data/pdf/bmu/udgaonkar-confe.pdf) (PDF). Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education. 2 May 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MEMBER_-_Virendra_Singh_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MEMBER_-_Virendra_Singh_6-1) ["MEMBER – Virendra Singh"](https://www.ias.edu/scholars/virendra-singh). Institute for Advanced Study. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lecturers_between_IPA-IOP_7-0)** ["Lecturers between IPA-IOP"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190208130814/http://www.ipa1970.org.in/exlist.php). Indian Physics Association. 2017. Archived from [the original](http://www.ipa1970.org.in/exlist.php) on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NASI_fellows_8-0)** ["NASI fellows"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160316043224/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S). National Academy of Sciences, India. 2017. Archived from [the original](http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S) on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Brief_Profile_of_the_Awardee_9-0)** ["Brief Profile of the Awardee"](http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=62). Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sum_Rules_for_Coupling_Constants_in_Broken_SU_(3)_Symmetry_10-0)** Virendra Gupta, Virendra Singh (1964). "Sum Rules for Coupling Constants in Broken SU (3) Symmetry". *Physical Review*. **136** (B782): B782–B786. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1964PhRv..136..782G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRv..136..782G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1103/PhysRev.136.B782](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.136.B782).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BrézinWadia1993_11-0)** E Brézin; S R Wadia (31 August 1993). [*The Large N Expansion in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics: From Spin Systems to 2-Dimensional Gravity*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Yp3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA333). World Scientific. pp. 333–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-4506-63-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4506-63-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mitra2009_12-0)** Asoke Nath Mitra (2009). [*India in the World of Physics: Then and Now*](https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA388). Pearson Education India. pp. 388–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-317-1579-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1579-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Handbook_of_Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_Winners_13-0)** ["Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners"](http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf) (PDF). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1999.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Low-Energy_Theorem_for_Compton_Scattering_14-0)** S. Saito (1969). "Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering". *Physical Review*. **184** (1894): 1894–1902. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1969PhRv..184.1894S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRv..184.1894S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1103/PhysRev.184.1894](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.184.1894).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BellBell1995_15-0)** J. S. Bell; Mary Bell; Kurt Gottfried, Martinus Veltman (1995). [*Quantum Mechanics, High Energy Physics and Accelerators: Selected Papers of John S. Bell, with Commentary*](https://books.google.com/books?id=lTVqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA339). World Scientific. pp. 339–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-02-2115-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-02-2115-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Singh_on_Neglected_Science_16-0)** ["Singh on Neglected Science"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170411055521/http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/s/virendra-singh). Neglected Science. 2017. Archived from [the original](http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/s/virendra-singh) on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Browse_by_Fellow_18-0)** ["Browse by Fellow"](http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Singh=3AVirendra_=3A=3A.html). Indian Academy of Sciences. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [*Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices : (December 14 – 18, 1999) \[New Delhi\]. 2(2000)*](https://books.google.com/books?id=pf-1NymFEscC&pg=PA1459). Allied Publishers. 2000. pp. 1459–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-7023-998-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7023-998-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wadia2007_20-0)** Spenta R. Wadia (2007). [*The Legacy of Albert Einstein: A Collection of Essays in Celebration of the Year of Physics*](https://books.google.com/books?id=rEaUIxukvy4C&pg=PA165). World Scientific. pp. 165–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-277-271-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-277-271-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Remembering_Einstein:_Lectures_on_Physics_and_Astrophysics_21-0)** B.V. Sreekantan (2010). *Remembering Einstein: Lectures on Physics and Astrophysics*. Oxford University Press. p. 164. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0198064497](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198064497).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Scientific_Realism_and_Classical_Physics_22-0)** P. Ghosh (V. Singh – chapter) (2008). *History and Philosophy of Physics*. Indian Council of Philosophical Research. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0805.1780](https://arxiv.org/abs/0805.1780). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008arXiv0805.1780S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008arXiv0805.1780S).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Authors_and_titles_for_physics.hist-ph_in_May_2008_23-0)** ["Authors and titles for physics.hist-ph in May 2008"](https://arxiv.org/list/physics.hist-ph/0805). Cornell University. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-(Prof.)Kar2010_24-0)** Subir Ghosh (Prof.); Guruprasad Kar (2010). [*Recent Developments in Theoretical Physics*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4Q2GXoKbo0kC&pg=PA10). World Scientific. pp. 10–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-4287-33-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4287-33-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mehra2001_25-0)** Jagdish Mehra (28 February 2001). [*The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics: (Boxed Set of 2 Volumes)*](https://books.google.com/books?id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA530). World Scientific. pp. 530–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-981-4492-85-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4492-85-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Executive_Committees_of_IPA_26-0)** ["Executive Committees of IPA"](http://www.ipa1970.org.in/pastexlist.php). Indian Physics Association. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fellow_profile_27-0)** ["Fellow profile"](http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Singh,_Prof._Virendra). Indian Academy of Sciences. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CSIR_list_of_Awardees_28-0)** ["CSIR list of Awardees"](http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-INSA_Year_Book_2016_29-0)** ["INSA Year Book 2016"](http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf) (PDF). Indian National Science Academy. 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NASI_Year_Book_2015_30-0)** ["NASI Year Book 2015"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf) (PDF). National Academy of Sciences, India. 2017. Archived from [the original](http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf) (PDF) on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TWAS_fellow_31-0)** ["TWAS fellow"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170523111759/https://twas.org/member/singh-virendra). The World Academy of Sciences. 2017. Archived from [the original](https://twas.org/member/singh-virendra) on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

## External links

- Asoke Nath Mitra (2009). [*India in the World of Physics: Then and Now*](https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PR38). Pearson Education India. pp. 38–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-317-1579-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1579-6).

## Further reading

- ["Virendra Singh – Curriculum Vitae"](https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/38322692/prof-virendra-singh-department-of-theoretical-physics-tata-). Yumpu. 2017.

v t e Recipients of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in physical sciences 1950s K. S. Krishnan (1958) 1960s M. G. K. Menon (1960) G. N. Ramachandran (1961) Vikram Sarabhai (1962) Raja Ramanna (1963) A. R. Verma (1964) B. Ramachandra Rao (1965) Suresh Chand Jain (1966) S. Ramaseshan (1966) Devendra Lal (1967) A. P. Mitra (1968) Asoke Nath Mitra (1969) 1970s Vainu Bappu (1970) P. K. Iyengar (1971) S. Chandrasekhar (1972) S. K. Joshi (1972) Virendra Singh (1973) K. P. Sinha (1974) M. S. Sodha (1974) K. L. Chopra (1975) B. R. Nag (1975) C. K. Majumdar (1976) Ramanuja Vijayaraghavan (1976) Jayant Narlikar (1978) E. S. Raja Gopal (1978) Ajoy Ghatak (1979) S. S. Jha (1979) 1980s N. Mukunda (1980) N. S. Satya Murthy (1980) S. M. Roy (1981) Ramanujan Srinivasan (1981) Girish Saran Agarwal (1982) T. V. Ramakrishnan (1982) S. S. Kapoor (1982) Ramamurti Rajaraman (1983) Ramanath Cowsik (1984) Ranganathan Shashidhar (1984) Narendra Kumar (1985) K. Singh (1985) P. K. Kaw (1986) Vijay Kumar Kapahi (1987) Probir Roy (1987) Deepak Kumar (1988) O. N. Srivastava (1988) M. Lakshmanan (1989) N. V. Madhusudana (1989) 1990s G. Baskaran (1990) A. K. Sood (1990) Deepak Dhar (1991) Deepak Mathur (1991) Vikram Kumar (physicist) (1992) S. R. Shenoy (1992) Gopal Krishna (1993) Rajiah Simon (1993) A. K. Raychaudhuri (1994) Ashoke Sen (1994) Mustansir Barma (1995) Thanu Padmanabhan (1996) B. K. Chakrabarti (1997) A. Raychaudhuri (1997) S. R. Das (1998) A. M. Jayannavar (1998) Sunil Mukhi (1999) E. V. Sampathkumaran (1999) 2000s Sriram Ramaswamy (2000) Varun Sahni (2000) Rahul Pandit (2001) Avinash Anant Deshpande (2002) Mohit Randeria (2002) G. Ravindra Kumar (2003) Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya (2003) Madan Rao (2004) Sandip Trivedi (2005) Atish Dabholkar (2006) Sanjay Puri (physicist) (2006) Yashwant Gupta (2007) Pinaki Majumdar (2007) Raghunathan Srianand (2008) Srikanth Sastry (2008) Rajesh Gopakumar (2009) Abhishek Dhar (2009) 2010s Kalobaran Maiti (2010) Umesh Waghmare (2010) Shiraz Minwalla (2011) Arindam Ghosh (2012) Krishnendu Sengupta (2012) Amol Dighe (2013) Vijay Balakrishna Shenoy (2013) Pratap Raychaudhuri (2014) Sadiqali Abbas Rangwala (2014) Bedangadas Mohanty (2015) Mandar Madhukar Deshmukh (2015) S. Anantha Ramakrishna (2016) Sudhir Kumar Vempati (2016) Nissim Kanekar (2017) Vinay Gupta (2017) Aditi De (2018) Ambarish Ghosh (2018) Aninda Sinha (2019) Shankar Ghosh (2019) 2020s Surajit Dhara (2020) Rajesh Ganapathy (2020) Kanak Saha (2021) Anindya Das (2022) Basudeb Dasgupta (2022)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Virendra Singh (physicist)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virendra_Singh_(physicist)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virendra_Singh_(physicist)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.