# Vilayet

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First-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire

For other administrative divisions in Muslim countries using variants of the word, see [wilayah](/source/Wilayah).

[Law of the vilayets](/source/Law_of_the_vilayets) ([French](/source/French_language): *loi des vilayets*; 1867), in Volume II of *[Legislation ottomane](/source/Legislation_ottomane)*, published by [Gregory Aristarchis](/source/Gregory_Aristarchis) and edited by [Demetrius Nicolaides](/source/Demetrius_Nicolaides)

A **vilayet** ([Ottoman Turkish](/source/Ottoman_Turkish_language): [ولایت](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA#Ottoman_Turkish), '[province](/source/Province)'; [\[vi.laː.jet\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish)), also known by [various other names](#Names), was a first-order [administrative division](/source/Administrative_division) of the later [Ottoman Empire](/source/Ottoman_Empire). It was introduced in the [Vilayet Law](/source/Vilayet_Law) of 21 January 1867,[1] part of the [Tanzimat](/source/Tanzimat) reform movement initiated by the [Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856](/source/Ottoman_Reform_Edict_of_1856). The [Danube Vilayet](/source/Danube_Vilayet) had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer [Midhat Pasha](/source/Midhat_Pasha). The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces.[1] Writing for the *[Encyclopaedia Britannica](/source/Encyclopaedia_Britannica)* in 1911, [Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard](/source/Vincent_Henry_Penalver_Caillard) claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact centralized more power with the [sultan](/source/Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire) and [local Muslims](/source/Islam_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) at the expense of other communities.[2]

## Names

The [Ottoman Turkish](/source/Ottoman_Turkish) *vilayet* ([ولایت‎](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA#Ottoman_Turkish)) was a [loanword](/source/Loanword) [borrowed](/source/Linguistic_borrowing) from [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language) *wilāya* ([وِلَايَة](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A9#Arabic)), an abstract noun formed from the [verb](/source/Arabic_verbs) *waliya* ([وَلِيَ](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%8E#Arabic), 'to administer'). In Arabic, it had meant 'province', 'region', or 'administration' as general ideas, but following the Tanzimat reforms the Ottoman term formalized it in reference to specific areas in a defined hierarchy.[3] It was borrowed into [Albanian](/source/Albanian_language) *vilajet*, [Bulgarian](/source/Bulgarian_language) *vilaet* (вилает),[4] [Judaeo-Spanish](/source/Judaeo-Spanish) *vilayet*, and [French](/source/French_language) *vilaïet* and *vilayet*, which was used as a [lingua franca](/source/Lingua_franca) among the educated [Jews](/source/Jews_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) and [Christians](/source/Christianity_in_the_Ottoman_Empire). It was also translated into [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language) as *gawaŕ* (գաւառ), Bulgarian as *oblast* (област), Judaeo-Spanish as *provinsiya*, and [Greek](/source/Greek_language) as [*eparchía*](/source/Eparchy) (επαρχία) and *nomarchía* (νομαρχία).[5]

The early [Republic of Turkey](/source/Turkey) continued to use the term *vilayet* until it renamed them [il](/source/Provinces_of_Turkey) in the late 1920s.[*[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items)*]

## Organization

The Ottoman Empire had already begun to modernize its administration and regularize its [eyalets](/source/Eyalet) in the 1840s,[6] but the [Vilayet Law](/source/Vilayet_Law) extended this throughout the empire, regulating the hierarchy of administrative units.[1][7]

Each vilayet or province was governed by a [vali](/source/Vali_(Ottoman)) appointed by the [sultan](/source/Ottoman_sultan).[7] Acting as the sultan's representative, he was notionally the supreme head of administration in his province,[8] subject to various caveats. [Military administration](/source/Ottoman_army) was entirely separate,[7] although the vali controlled local police.[7] His council comprised a secretary (*mektupçu*), a [comptroller](/source/Defterdar) (*defterdar*), a chief justice (*müfettiş-i hükkâm-ı şeriyye*), and directors of foreign affairs, public works, and agriculture and commerce,[8] each nominated by the respective ministers[8] in Istanbul.[7] The *[defterdar](/source/Defterdar)* in particular answered directly to the finance minister rather than the vali.[7] A separate vilayet council was composed of four elected members, comprising two Muslims and two non-Muslims.[8]

If the vali fell ill or was absent from the capital, he was variously replaced by the governor of the chief sanjak (*merkez sancak*) near the capital,[8] the *muavin*, and the *defterdar*.[7] A similar structure was replicated in the lower hierarchical levels, with executive and advisory councils drawn from the local administrators and—following long-established practice—the heads of the [millets](/source/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)), the various local religious communities.[8]

The *[Vilayet Law](/source/Vilayet_Law)* (1864) saw a general reorganization, with the hierarchy vilayet—sanjak—kaza—nahiye, the vilayet administrated by the *Vali* under whose authority was the *[mutasarrif](/source/Mutasarrif)* of the [sanjak](/source/Sanjak) appointed by the Sultan, the *[kaymakam](/source/Kaymakam)* of the *[kaza](/source/Kaza)* appointed by the Interior Ministry, the *[mudür](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mud%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1)* of the *[nahiye](/source/Nahiye_(Ottoman))*, the *muhtar* of the village.[9]

## Lists

### 1870s

Vilayets, sanjaks and autonomies in the mid-1870s:[10]

- [Constantinople Vilayet](/source/Constantinople_Vilayet)

- [Adrianople Vilayet](/source/Adrianople_Vilayet): sanjaks of Adrianople (Edirne), Tekirdağ, [Gelibolu](/source/Sanjak_of_Gelibolu), Filibe, Sliven.

- [Danube Vilayet](/source/Danube_Vilayet): sanjaks of Ruse, Varna, Vidin, Tulcea, Turnovo, [Sofia](/source/Sanjak_of_Sofia), [Niš](/source/Sanjak_of_Ni%C5%A1).

- [Bosnia Vilayet](/source/Bosnia_Vilayet): sanjaks of Bosna-Serai, Zvornik, Banja Luka, Travnik, Bebkèh, [Novi Pazar](/source/Sanjak_of_Novi_Pazar).

- Vilayet of Herzegovina: sanjaks of Mostar, Gacko.

- [Salonica Vilayet](/source/Salonica_Vilayet): sanjaks of [Salonica](/source/Sanjak_of_Salonica), Serres, Drama.

- [Janina Vilayet](/source/Janina_Vilayet): sanjaks of [Ioannina](/source/Sanjak_of_Ioannina), Tirhala, [Ohrid](/source/Sanjak_of_Ohri), [Preveze](/source/Sanjak_of_Preveze), [Berat](/source/Sanjak_of_Berat).

- [Monastir Vilayet](/source/Monastir_Vilayet): sanjaks of Manastir (now Bitola), [Prizren](/source/Sanjak_of_Prizren), [Üsküb](/source/Sanjak_of_%C3%9Csk%C3%BCb), [Dibra](/source/Sanjak_of_Dibra).

- [Scutari Vilayet](/source/Scutari_Vilayet): sanjak of [Scutari](/source/Sanjak_of_Scutari).

- [Vilayet of the Archipelago](/source/Vilayet_of_the_Archipelago): sanjaks of [Rhodes](/source/Sanjak_of_Rhodes), Midilli, [Sakız](/source/Sanjak_of_Sak%C4%B1z), Kos, Cyprus.

- [Vilayet of Crete](/source/Vilayet_of_Crete): sanjaks of Chania, Rethymno, Candia, Sfakia, Lasithi.

- [Vilayet of Hudavendigar](/source/Vilayet_of_Hudavendigar): sanjaks of Bursa, Izmid, Karasi, Karahisar-i-Sarip, Kütahya.

- [Vilayet of Aidin](/source/Vilayet_of_Aidin): sanjaks of Smyrna (now İzmir), Aydın, Saruhan, Menteşe.

- [Vilayet of Angora](/source/Vilayet_of_Angora): sanjaks of Angora (now Ankara), Yozgat, Kayseri, Kırşehir.

- [Vilayet of Konya](/source/Vilayet_of_Konya): sanjaks of Konya, Teke, Hamid, Niğde, Burdur.

- [Vilayet of Kastamonu](/source/Vilayet_of_Kastamonu): sanjaks of Kastamonu, Boli, Sinop, Çankırı.

- [Kosovo Vilayet](/source/Kosovo_Vilayet)

- [Vilayet of Trebizond](/source/Vilayet_of_Trebizond): sanjaks of Trebizond (Trabzon), Gümüşhane, Batumi, Canik.

- [Vilayet of Sivas](/source/Vilayet_of_Sivas): sanjaks of Sivas, Amasya, Karahisar-ı Şarki.

- [Vilayet of Erzurum](/source/Vilayet_of_Erzurum): sanjaks of Erzurum, Tchaldir, Bayezit, Kars, Mouch, Erzincan, Van.

- [Vilayet of Diyarbekir](/source/Vilayet_of_Diyarbekir): sanjaks of Diyarbakır, Mamuret-ul-Aziz, Mardin, Siirt, Malatya.

- [Vilayet of Adana](/source/Vilayet_of_Adana): sanjaks of Adana, Kozan, İçel, Paias.

- [Vilayet of Syria](/source/Vilayet_of_Syria): sanjaks of Damascus, Hama, Beirut, Tripoli, Hauran, Akka, Belka, Kudus-i-Cherif (Jerusalem).

- [Vilayet of Aleppo](/source/Vilayet_of_Aleppo): sanjaks of Aleppo, Maraş, Urfa, [Zor](/source/Sanjak_of_Zor).

- [Vilayet of Baghdad](/source/Vilayet_of_Baghdad): sanjaks of Baghdad, Mosul, Sharazor, Sulaymaniyah, Dialim, Kerbela, Helleh, Amara.

- [Vilayet of Basra](/source/Vilayet_of_Basra): sanjaks of Basra, Muntafiq, Najd, Hejaz.

- [Emirate of Mecca](/source/Emirate_of_Mecca): Mecca, Medina.

- [Vilayet of Yemen](/source/Vilayet_of_Yemen): sanjaks of Sana'a, Hudaydah, Asir, Ta'izz.

- [Vilayet of Tripolitania](/source/Vilayet_of_Tripolitania): sanjaks of Tripoli, Bengazi, Khoms, Djebal gharbiyeh, Fezzan.

- [Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate](/source/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate)

- [Principality of Samos](/source/Principality_of_Samos)

- [Mount Athos](/source/Mount_Athos) (part of the [Sanjak of Salonica](/source/Sanjak_of_Salonica))

### 1905

Table of Ottoman Administrative Divisions, 1905

By 1905, the Ottoman Empire had lost administrative control over [Bosnia & Herzegovina](/source/Austro-Hungarian_rule_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina), [Bulgaria](/source/Principality_of_Bulgaria) and [Eastern Rumelia](/source/Eastern_Rumelia), [Crete](/source/Cretan_State) and [Cyprus](/source/British_Cyprus), even though these were all still under nominal Ottoman sovereignty, as was [Egypt](/source/Khedivate_of_Egypt). In this list, the numbering and place names are indicated as in the French-language source, with present-day names in parentheses where different:[11]

1. [Hedjâz](/source/Hejaz_Vilayet) ([Hejaz](/source/Hejaz)): Sanjaks of Mediné ([Medina](/source/Medina)) and Djiddé ([Jeddah](/source/Jeddah))

1. [Yemen](/source/Yemen_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Sanaa](/source/Sanaa), Hodeïda ([Hodeidah](/source/Hodeidah)), Assir ([Asir](/source/Asir)), and Ta'az ([Taiz](/source/Taiz))

1. [Basra](/source/Basra_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Basra](/source/Basra), Muntefik ([Al-Muntafiq](/source/Al-Muntafiq)), [Nedjed](/source/Najd_Sanjak) ([Najd](/source/Najd)), and Amara ([Amarah](/source/Amarah))

1. [Bagdâd](/source/Baghdad_vilayet): Sanjaks of Bagdâd ([Baghdad](/source/Baghdad)), Divaniyé ([Al Diwaniyah](/source/Al_Diwaniyah)), and Kerbela ([Karbala](/source/Karbala))

1. [Mossoul](/source/Mosul_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Mossoul](/source/Sanjak_of_Mosul) ([Mosul](/source/Mosul)), [Kerkouk](/source/Sanjak_of_Shahrizor) ([Kirkuk](/source/Kirkuk)), and Souleïmaniyé ([Sulaymaniyah](/source/Sulaymaniyah))

1. [Haleb](/source/Aleppo_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Haleb](/source/Aleppo_Sanjak) ([Aleppo](/source/Aleppo)), [Ourfa](/source/Urfa_Sanjak) ([Urfa](/source/Urfa)), and [Marach](/source/Marash_Sanjak) ([Kahramanmaraş](/source/Kahramanmara%C5%9F))

1. [Syria](/source/Syria_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Damas](/source/Damascus_Sanjak) ([Damascus](/source/Damascus)), [Hama](/source/Hama_Sanjak), [Hauran](/source/Hauran_Sanjak), and [Kerak](/source/Karak_Sanjak) ([Al-Karak](/source/Al-Karak))

1. [Beirout](/source/Beirut_vilayet): Sanjaks of Beirout ([Beirut](/source/Beirut)), [Akka](/source/Acre_Sanjak) ([Acre](/source/Acre%2C_Israel)), [Taraboulus](/source/Tripoli_Sanjak) ([Tripoli in Lebanon](/source/Tripoli%2C_Lebanon)), [Lazakiyé](/source/Latakia_Sanjak) ([Latakia](/source/Latakia)), and [Nablous](/source/Nablus_Sanjak) ([Nablus](/source/Nablus))

1. [Tripoli](/source/Vilayet_of_Tripolitania): Sanjaks of Taraboulous ([Tripoli in Libya](/source/Tripoli%2C_Libya)), Khams ([Al-Khums](/source/Al-Khums)), Djebel ([Jabal al Gharbi](/source/Jabal_al_Gharbi_District)), and [Fezzân](/source/Fezzan)

1. [Khoudavendiguiâr](/source/H%C3%BCdavendig%C3%A2r_vilayet): Sanjaks of Brousse ([Bursa](/source/Bursa)), Ertoġroul ([Bilecik](/source/Bilecik)), Kutahia ([Kütahya](/source/K%C3%BCtahya)), Kara Hissâr ([Afyonkarahisar](/source/Afyonkarahisar)), and [Karassi](/source/Sanjak_of_Karasi) ([Balıkesir](/source/Bal%C4%B1kesir))

1. [Konia](/source/Konya_vilayet): Sanjaks of Konia ([Konya](/source/Konya)), Nigdé ([Niğde](/source/Ni%C4%9Fde)), Bodroûm ([Bodrum](/source/Bodrum)), Hamid Abâd ([Isparta](/source/Isparta)), and Tekké ([Antalya](/source/Antalya))

1. [Angora](/source/Angora_vilayet): Sanjaks of Angora ([Ankara](/source/Ankara)), Jozgâd ([Yozgat](/source/Yozgat)), Kaissarié ([Kayseri](/source/Kayseri)), Kirchehir ([Kırşehir](/source/K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir)), and Tchoroûm ([Çorum](/source/%C3%87orum))

1. [Aïdin](/source/Aidin_vilayet): Sanjaks of Smyrne ([İzmir](/source/%C4%B0zmir)), Saroukhan ([Manisa](/source/Manisa)), Aïdin ([Aydın](/source/Ayd%C4%B1n)), Menteché ([Muğla](/source/Mu%C4%9Fla)), and [Denizli](/source/Denizli)

1. [Adana](/source/Adana_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Adana](/source/Adana), Mersina ([Mersin](/source/Mersin)), Djebel-i-Bereket ([Yarpuz](/source/Yarpuz)), [Kozân](/source/Kozan%2C_Adana), and [Itchili](/source/%C4%B0%C3%A7il_Sanjak) ([Silifke](/source/Silifke))

1. [Kastamouni](/source/Kastamonu_vilayet): Sanjaks of Kastamouni ([Kastamonu](/source/Kastamonu)), [Boli](/source/Bolu_Sanjak) ([Bolu](/source/Bolu)), Kengri ([Çankırı](/source/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1)), and Sinob ([Sinop](/source/Sinop%2C_Turkey))

1. [Sivâs](/source/Sivas_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Sivâs](/source/Sivas), Amassia ([Amasya](/source/Amasya)), Kara Hissar Charki ([Şebinkarahisar](/source/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar)), and Tokad ([Tokat](/source/Tokat))

1. [Diarbekir](/source/Diyarbekir_vilayet): Sanjaks of Diarbekir ([Diyarbakır](/source/Diyarbak%C4%B1r)), [Mardin](/source/Mardin), and Ergana Madeni ([Maden](/source/Maden%2C_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F))

1. [Bitlis](/source/Bitlis_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Bitlis](/source/Bitlis), Mouch ([Muş](/source/Mu%C5%9F)), Saïrd ([Siirt](/source/Siirt)), and Guentch ([Genç](/source/Gen%C3%A7%2C_Bing%C3%B6l))

1. [Erzeroum](/source/Erzurum_vilayet): Sanjaks of Erzeroûm ([Erzurum](/source/Erzurum)), Erzindjân ([Erzincan](/source/Erzincan)), Bayézid ([Doğubayazıt](/source/Do%C4%9Fubayaz%C4%B1t)), and Khinis ([Hınıs](/source/H%C4%B1n%C4%B1s))

1. [Mamouret ul-Azîz](/source/Mamuret-ul-Aziz_vilayet): Sanjaks of Mamouret ul-Azîz / Kharpoût ([Elazığ](/source/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F)), Malatia ([Malatya](/source/Malatya)), and Dersîm ([Tunceli](/source/Tunceli))

1. [Van](/source/Van_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Van](/source/Van%2C_Turkey) and Hakiari ([Hakkâri](/source/Hakk%C3%A2ri_(city)))

1. [Trébizonde](/source/Trebizond_vilayet): Sanjaks of Tarabizon ([Trabzon](/source/Trabzon)), Djanik ([Samsun](/source/Samsun)), [Lazistan](/source/Lazistan_Sanjak) ([Rize](/source/Rize)), Gumuchkhané ([Gümüşhane](/source/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane))

1. [Archipel](/source/Vilayet_of_the_Archipelago) ([Aegean Sea](/source/Aegean_Sea)): Sanjaks of [Rhodos](/source/Sanjak_of_Rhodes) ([Rhodes](/source/Rhodes)), [Midilli](/source/Sanjak_of_Midilli) ([Mytilene](/source/Mytilene)), [Chios](/source/Sanjak_of_Sak%C4%B1z), and [Lemnos](/source/Sanjak_of_Lemnos)

1. [Andrinople](/source/Adrianople_vilayet): Sanjaks of Andrinople ([Edirne](/source/Edirne)), [Gumuldjina](/source/Sanjak_of_G%C3%BCm%C3%BClcine) ([Komotini](/source/Komotini)), Kirkkilissé ([Kırklareli](/source/K%C4%B1rklareli)), [Dedeaġatch](/source/Sanjak_of_Dedea%C4%9Fa%C3%A7) ([Alexandroupolis](/source/Alexandroupolis)), Tekfoûr Daġy / Rodosto ([Tekirdağ](/source/Tekirda%C4%9F)), and [Galipoli](/source/Sanjak_of_Gelibolu) ([Gelibolu](/source/Gelibolu))

1. [Salonique](/source/Salonica_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Selanik](/source/Sanjak_of_Salonica) ([Thessaloniki](/source/Thessaloniki)), [Siros](/source/Sanjak_of_Siroz) ([Serres](/source/Serres)), [Drama](/source/Sanjak_of_Drama), and [Thasos](/source/Thasos)

1. [Kossovo](/source/Kosovo_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Uskub](/source/Sanjak_of_%C3%9Csk%C3%BCp) ([Skopje](/source/Skopje)), Prichtina ([Pristina](/source/Pristina)), [Senidjé](/source/Sanjak_of_Sjenica) ([Sjenica](/source/Sjenica)), [Ipek](/source/Sanjak_of_%C4%B0pek) ([Peja](/source/Peja)), [Tachildjé](/source/Sanjak_of_Pljevlja) ([Pljevlja](/source/Pljevlja)), and [Prizren](/source/Sanjak_of_Prizren)

1. [Janina](/source/Janina_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Janina](/source/Sanjak_of_Ioannina) ([Ioannina](/source/Ioannina)), Ergueri / Argyrokastro ([Gjirokastër](/source/Gjirokast%C3%ABr)), [Preveza](/source/Sanjak_of_Preveza), and [Berat](/source/Sanjak_of_Avlona)

1. [Skutari](/source/Scutari_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Skutari](/source/Sanjak_of_Scutari) ([Shkodër](/source/Shkod%C3%ABr)) and [Dratch / Durazzo](/source/Sanjak_of_Durr%C3%ABs) ([Durrës](/source/Durr%C3%ABs))

1. [Monastir](/source/Manastir_vilayet): Sanjaks of [Monastir](/source/Sanjak_of_Monastir) ([Bitola](/source/Bitola)), [Serfidjé](/source/Sanjak_of_Serfi%C4%9Fe) ([Servia](/source/Servia%2C_Greece)), [Dibré](/source/Sanjak_of_Dibra) ([Debar](/source/Debar)), [Elbassan](/source/Sanjak_of_Elbasan) ([Elbasan](/source/Elbasan)), and [Koritza](/source/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice) ([Korçë](/source/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB))

The same document added [Jerusalem](/source/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem), [Bengazi](/source/Ottoman_Cyrenaica), [Zor](/source/Zor_Sanjak), [Izmid](/source/Sanjak_of_Kocaeli), [Biġa](/source/Sanjak_of_Biga), and [Tchataldja](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87atalca_Sanjak&action=edit&redlink=1) [[tr](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalca_Sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1)] as independent departments, but did not mention the [Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate](/source/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate) and [Principality of Samos](/source/Principality_of_Samos), both self-administered under a leader appointed by the Ottoman government. The [Sharifate of Mecca](/source/Sharifate_of_Mecca) was another special case, coexisting with the [Hejaz vilayet](/source/Hejaz_vilayet) without being subordinate to it.

### 1917

Vilayets and independent sanjaks in 1917:[12]

Vilayets included:

- [Vilayet of Constantinople](/source/Vilayet_of_Constantinople)

- [Vilayet of Adrianople](/source/Vilayet_of_Adrianople)

- [Vilayet of Adana](/source/Vilayet_of_Adana)

- [Vilayet of Angora](/source/Vilayet_of_Angora)

- [Vilayet of Aidin](/source/Vilayet_of_Aidin)

- [Vilayet of Baghdad](/source/Vilayet_of_Baghdad)

- [Vilayet of Basra](/source/Vilayet_of_Basra)

- [Vilayet of Beirut](/source/Vilayet_of_Beirut)

- [Vilayet of Bitlis](/source/Vilayet_of_Bitlis)

- [Vilayet of Aleppo](/source/Vilayet_of_Aleppo)

- [Vilayet of Bursa](/source/Vilayet_of_Bursa)

- [Vilayet of Diarbekr](/source/Vilayet_of_Diarbekr)

- [Vilayet of Erzurum](/source/Vilayet_of_Erzurum)

- [Vilayet of Syria](/source/Vilayet_of_Syria)

- [Vilayet of Sivas](/source/Vilayet_of_Sivas)

- [Vilayet of Trebizond](/source/Vilayet_of_Trebizond)

- [Vilayet of Kastamuni](/source/Vilayet_of_Kastamuni)

- [Vilayet of Konia](/source/Vilayet_of_Konia)

- [Vilayet of Mamuret ul-Aziz](/source/Vilayet_of_Mamuret_ul-Aziz)

- [Vilayet of Mosul](/source/Vilayet_of_Mosul)

- [Vilayet of Van](/source/Vilayet_of_Van)

Independent sanjaks included:

- Sanjak of [Eskishehir](/source/Eskishehir)

- Sanjak of [Urfa](/source/Urfa)

- Sanjak of [Izmid](/source/Izmid)

- Sanjak of [Ichili](/source/Ichili)

- [Sanjak of Boli](/source/Sanjak_of_Boli)

- Sanjak of [Teke](/source/Beylik_of_Teke)

- Sanjak of [Janyk](/source/Canik)

- Sanjak of [Chatalja](/source/Chatalja)

- [Sanjak of Zor](/source/Sanjak_of_Zor)

- Sanjak of [Kara Hissar Sahib](/source/Kara_Hissar_Sahib)

- [Sanjak of Karasi](/source/Sanjak_of_Karasi)

- Sanjak of [Dardanelles](/source/Dardanelles)

- Sanjak of [Kaisari](/source/Kaisari)

- Sanjak of [Kutahia](/source/Kutahia)

- Sanjak of [Marash](/source/Marash)

- Sanjak of [Menteshe](/source/Menteshe)

- Sanjak of [Nigde](/source/Nigde)

Vassal states and autonomous provinces:

- [Eastern Rumelia](/source/Eastern_Rumelia) (Rumeli-i Şarkî): autonomous province (Vilayet in Turkish) (1878–1885); unified with Bulgaria in 1885

- Sanjak of [Benghazi](/source/Benghazi) (Bingazi Sancağı): autonomous sanjak. Formerly in the [vilayet of Tripoli](/source/Vilayet_of_Tripoli), but after 1875 dependent directly on the ministry of the interior at Constantinople.[13]

- Sanjak of [Biga](/source/Biga%2C_%C3%87anakkale) (Biga Sancağı) (also called [Kale-i Sultaniye](/source/%C3%87anakkale)) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet)

- Sanjak of [Çatalca](/source/%C3%87atalca) (Çatalca Sancağı) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet)

- [Cyprus](/source/Ottoman_Cyprus) (Kıbrıs) (island with special status) (Kıbrıs Adası)

- [Khedivate of Egypt](/source/Khedivate_of_Egypt) (Mısır) (autonomous [khedivate](/source/Khedive), not a vilayet) (Mısır Hidivliği)

- Sanjak of [Izmit](/source/Izmit) (İzmid Sancağı) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet)

- Mutasarrifyya/[Sanjak of Jerusalem](/source/Sanjak_of_Jerusalem) (Kudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı): independent and directly linked to the Minister of the Interior in view of its importance to the three major monotheistic religions.[14]

- [Sharifate of Mecca](/source/Sharifate_of_Mecca) (Mekke Şerifliği) (autonomous [sharifate](/source/Sharif), not a vilayet)

- [Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate](/source/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate) (Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı): sanjak or mutessariflik, dependent directly on the Porte.[15]

- [Principality of Samos](/source/Principality_of_Samos) (Sisam Beyliği) (island with special status)

- [Tunis Eyalet](/source/Tunis_Eyalet) (Tunus Eyaleti) (autonomous eyalet, ruled by hereditary beys)

### 1927

The early Turkish Republic had 63 vilayet in the [1927 Turkish census](/source/1927_Turkish_census):

1. [Ankara vilayet](/source/Ankara_vilayet)

1. [Istanbul vilayet](/source/Istanbul_vilayet)

1. [Artvin vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artvin_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Edirne vilayet](/source/Edirne_vilayet)

1. [Ertuğrul (Bilecik) vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ertu%C4%9Frul_(Bilecik)_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Erzurum vilayet](/source/Erzurum_vilayet)

1. [Ordu vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ordu_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Erzincan vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erzincan_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Izmir vilayet](/source/Izmir_vilayet)

1. [Eskişehir vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eski%C5%9Fehir_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Adana vilayet](/source/Adana_vilayet)

1. [Afyonkarahisar vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afyonkarahisar_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Aksaray vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aksaray_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Elaziz vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elaziz_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Amasya vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amasya_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Antalya vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antalya_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Urfa vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urfa_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Aydın vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1n_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Içel vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%C3%A7el_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Bayezid vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayezid_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Bitlis vilayet](/source/Bitlis_vilayet)

1. [Bursa vilayet](/source/Bursa_vilayet)

1. [Bozok vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bozok_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Bolu vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolu_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Burdur vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burdur_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Tekirdağ vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tekirda%C4%9F_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Tokat vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokat_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Canik vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canik_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Cebel-i Bereket vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cebel-i_Bereket_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Çankırı vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Çanakkale vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87anakkale_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Çorum vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87orum_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Hakkâri vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C3%A2ri_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Hamîdâbâd vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ham%C3%AEd%C3%A2b%C3%A2d_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Denizli vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denizli_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Diyarbekir vilayet](/source/Diyarbekir_vilayet)

1. [Rize vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rize_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Zonguldak vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zonguldak_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Siirt vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siirt_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Sinop vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinop_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Sivas vilayet](/source/Sivas_vilayet)

1. [Saruhan vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saruhan_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Trabzon vilayet](/source/Trabzon_vilayet)

1. [Gazi Ayıntab (Gaziantep) vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazi_Ay%C4%B1ntab_(Gaziantep)_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Kars vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kars_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Kırklareli vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1rklareli_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Karahisâr-ı Şarkî (Şebinkarahisar) vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karahis%C3%A2r-%C4%B1_%C5%9Eark%C3%AE_(%C5%9Eebinkarahisar)_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Karesi (Balıkesir) vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karesi_(Bal%C4%B1kesir)_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Kastamonu vilayet](/source/Kastamonu_vilayet)

1. [Kırşehir vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Kayseri vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kayseri_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Kocaeli vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kocaeli_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Konya vilayet](/source/Konya_vilayet)

1. [Kütahya vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCtahya_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Gümüşhane vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Giresun vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giresun_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Mardin vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mardin_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Mersin vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mersin_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Maraş vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mara%C5%9F_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Menteşe (Muğla) vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mente%C5%9Fe_(Mu%C4%9Fla)_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Malatya vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malatya_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Niğde vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ni%C4%9Fde_vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1)

1. [Van vilayet](/source/Van_vilayet)

## Maps

		- Vilayets of Europe in 1870

		- Vilayets in 1877

		- Vilayets of Europe in 1893

		- Vilayets of Asia in 1897

		- Vilayets of Asia in 1909

		- Vilayets of Europe in 1910

		- Vilayets of Asia in 1911

## See also

- [Provinces of Turkey](/source/Provinces_of_Turkey)

- [Six Vilayets](/source/Six_Vilayets), the Armenian vilayets of the empire

- [Vilayet Law](/source/Vilayet_Law)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Birken22_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Birken22_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Birken22_1-2) Birken, Andreas (1976). *Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches*. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients (in German). Vol. 13. Reichert. p. 22. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783920153568](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783920153568).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): Caillard, Vincent Henry Penalver (1911). "[Turkey](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Turkey)". In [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm) (ed.). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [*Report of a Committee Set Up to Consider Certain Correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon (His Majesty's High Commissioner in Egypt) and the Sharif of Mecca in 1915 and 1916*](https://web.archive.org/web/20150621130433/http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf) (PDF), 2015, archived from [the original](http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf) (PDF) on 2015-06-21, Annex A, §10. [2nd Source](https://web.archive.org/web/20151024004146/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4C4F7515DC39195185256CF7006F878C).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [File:Solun Newspaper 1869-03-28 in Bulgarian.jpg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solun_Newspaper_1869-03-28_in_Bulgarian.jpg)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Straussp4143_5-0)** Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the *Kanun-ı Esasi* and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). [*The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy*](https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true). [Würzburg](/source/W%C3%BCrzburg): [Orient-Institut Istanbul](/source/Orient-Institut_Istanbul). pp. 21–51. ([info page on book](http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645) at [Martin Luther University](/source/Martin_Luther_University)) // CITED: p. 41-43 (PDF p. 43-45/338).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Birken, Andreas (1976). *Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches*. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients (in German). Vol. 13. Reichert. pp. 19–20. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783920153568](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783920153568).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Krikorian_7-6) Krikorian, Mesrob K. (2018). [*Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire: 1860-1908*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz9ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT24). Routledge. p. 24. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1351031288](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1351031288). Retrieved 11 February 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Birken2324_8-5) Birken (1976), p. 2324.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Çetinsaya, Gökhan (2006). [*The Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ottoman_Administration_of_Iraq_1890/Vc5_AgAAQBAJ). Routledge. p. 22. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-134-29494-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-29494-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pavet_10-0)** [Abel Pavet de Courteille](/source/Abel_Pavet_de_Courteille) (1876). [*État présent de l'empire ottoman*](https://archive.org/stream/tatprsentdelemp00courgoog#page/n104/mode/2up) (in French). J. Dumaine. pp. 91–96.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Adolf Heidborn (1908), [*Manuel de droit public et administratif de l'Empire ottoman*](https://archive.org/details/manueldedroitpu00heidgoog/page/n2/mode/2up), C.W. Stern

1. **[^](#cite_ref-rm39_12-0)** [A handbook of Asia Minor](https://archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226) Published 1919 by Naval staff, Intelligence dept. in London. Page 226

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1911-Bengazi_13-0)** One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): Hogarth, David George (1911). "[Bengazi](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bengazi)". In [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm) (ed.). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 736.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ala_14-0)** [Palestine; A Modern History (1978)](https://archive.org/stream/PalestineAModernHistory/PMH) by Adulwahab Al Kayyali. Page 1

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1911-Lebanon_15-0)** One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): Socin, Albert; Hogarth, David George (1911). "[Lebanon](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lebanon)". In [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm) (ed.). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 348.

## Further reading

- [Sublime Porte](/source/Sublime_Porte) (1867). *Sur la nouvelle division de l'Empire en gouvernements généraux formés sous le nom de Vilayets*. Constantinople.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher)) - About the Law of the Vilayets

## External links

- [Vilayet Law of 1864, official translation to French](https://archive.org/stream/corpsdedroitott01turkgoog#page/n66/mode/2up) pp. 36–45, in Young, George, *[Corps de droit ottoman; recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur, et d'études sur le droit coutumier de l'Empire ottoman](/source/Corps_de_droit_ottoman%3B_recueil_des_codes%2C_lois%2C_r%C3%A8glements%2C_ordonnances_et_actes_les_plus_importants_du_droit_int%C3%A9rieur%2C_et_d'%C3%A9tudes_sur_le_droit_coutumier_de_l'Empire_ottoman)*, Volume 1, 1905.

- [Vilayet Law of 1867, in French](http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?filename=%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fanemi-portal%2Fmetadata%2F6%2F2%2Fd%2Fattached-metadata-145-0000048%2F143914_02.pdf&rec=%2Fmetadata%2F6%2F2%2Fd%2Fmetadata-145-0000048.tkl&do=143914_02.pdf&width=341&height=538&pagestart=1&maxpage=466&lang=el&pageno=275&pagenotop=275&pagenobottom=273), in *[Législation ottomane](/source/L%C3%A9gislation_ottomane)*, published by [Gregory Aristarchis](/source/Gregory_Aristarchis) and edited by [Demetrius Nicolaides](/source/Demetrius_Nicolaides), Volume 2

v t e Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire c. 1365 – 1867 (eyalets) Africa Algiers Egypt Muhammad Ali dynasty Habesh Zeila Tripolitania Tunis Anatolia Adana Aidin Anatolia Ankara Childir Diyarbekir Dulkadir Erzurum Hüdavendigâr Karaman Kars Kastamonu Kurdistan Rum Trebizond Van Europe Adrianople Archipelago Bosnia Budin Crete Egir Herzegovina Kanije Kefe Morea Niš Podolia Rumelia Salonica Silistra Temeşvar Uyvar Varat Widdin Yanina Levant Aleppo Cyprus Damascus Jerusalem Sidon Mount Lebanon Tripoli Arabia Yemen Lahsa Mesopotamia Baghdad (Mamluk of Iraq) Mosul Basra Rakka Shahrizor 1867–1922 (vilayets and mutasarrıfates) Africa Tripolitania Anatolia Adana Aidin Angora (Ankara) Archipelago Bitlis Constantinople (Istanbul) Diyarbekir Erzurum Hüdavendigâr Kastamonu Konya Mamuret-ul-Aziz Sivas Trebizond (Trabzon) Van Europe Adrianople (Edirne) Bosnia Constantinople Crete Danube East Rumelia Janina Kosovo Manastir Salonica Scutari Levant Aleppo Beirut Mount Lebanon Syria Jerusalem Arabia Hejaz Yemen Mesopotamia Baghdad Mosul Basra Vassals and autonomies Vassals Cossack Hetmanate Ottoman Ukraine Crimean Khanate Khanate of Kazan Principality of Moldavia Sharifate of Mecca Republic of Ragusa Serbian Despotate Duchy of Syrmia Principality of Transylvania Principality of Wallachia Principality of Romania Principality of Serbia Principality of Bulgaria Kingdom of Imereti Septinsular Republic Sultanate of Aceh Principality of Guria Principality of Svaneti Principality of Mingrelia Principality of Abkhazia Samtskhe-Saatabago Mount Lebanon Emirate Autonomies Cretan State Khedivate of Egypt Kurdish emirates Mamluk of Iraq Eastern Rumelia Principality of Samos

Authority control databases GND

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Vilayet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayet) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayet?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.