# Vienenburg > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Vienenburg > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Vienenburg.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienenburg > Source revision: 1347962332 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Town = [Goslar](/source/Goslar) |name = Vienenburg |image_coa = Wappen_Vienenburg.svg |image_photo = Ortskern Vienenburg.JPG |coordinates = {{coord|51|57|11|N|10|33|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Niedersachsen |district = Goslar |elevation = 141 |area = 71.14 |population = 10668 |Stand = 2012-12-31 |postal_code = 38690 |area_code = 05324 |licence = GS |website = [http://www.vienenburg.de/ www.vienenburg.de] }} '''Vienenburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfiːnənbʊʁk}}) is a borough of [Goslar](/source/Goslar), capital of the [Goslar](/source/Goslar_(district)) district, in [Lower Saxony](/source/Lower_Saxony), [Germany](/source/Germany). The former independent municipality was incorporated in Goslar on 1 January 2014. ==Geography== It is situated in the north of the [Harz](/source/Harz) mountain range and east of the [Harly Forest](/source/Harly_Forest) on the [Oker](/source/Oker) River near its confluence with the [Radau](/source/Radau), about {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the Goslar town centre. Neighbouring municipalities are [Bad Harzburg](/source/Bad_Harzburg) in the south and [Schladen-Werla](/source/Schladen-Werla) in the north. The former township consisted of Vienenburg proper and the surrounding villages [Immenrode](/source/Immenrode), Lengde, Weddingen, Lochtum and Wiedelah, all incorporated in 1972. Situated in a mainly agricultural area, it is known for the [Harzer](/source/Harzer) cheese, although the production was transferred to [Saxony](/source/Saxony) in 2004. ==History== The [Harlyberg](/source/Harlyberg) hill (256m/840 ft) north of the town was the site of a castle built in 1203 by the [Welf](/source/House_of_Welf) king [Otto IV of Germany](/source/Otto_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) to threaten the trade route to [Goslar](/source/History_of_Goslar), as its citizens supported his [Hohenstaufen](/source/House_of_Hohenstaufen) rival Duke [Philip of Swabia](/source/Philip_of_Swabia). After Otto's death in 1218 the castle became a property of the Welf [Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg](/source/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg) and a thorn in the side of the [Bishops of Hildesheim](/source/Bishopric_of_Hildesheim), while the garrisons of the castle were notorious for permanently robbing bypassing merchants. Therefore, Prince-bishop [Siegfried II of Hildesheim](/source/Siegfried_II_of_Querfurt) declared war against Duke [Henry I of Brunswick](/source/Henry_I%2C_Duke_of_Brunswick-Grubenhagen) and in 1291 took and [slighted](/source/Slighting) the castle. Some moats are still visible today. A modern observation tower stands nearby. A second castle ''up de Viene'' was first mentioned in a 1306 deed. It was erected by the [Counts of Wernigerode](/source/County_of_Wernigerode), then at the behest of the Hildesheim prince-bishops, who purchased it in 1367. After the [Hildesheim Diocesan Feud](/source/Hildesheim_Diocesan_Feud), the castle was occupied by Duke [Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel](/source/Henry_V%2C_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg). During the [Thirty Years' War](/source/Thirty_Years'_War), it was conquered by the Imperial troops of [Albrecht von Wallenstein](/source/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein) in 1626. The estates were restored to the Bishopric of Hildesheim in 1647. The adjacent settlement remained part of the episcopal lands until the 1803 [German mediatization](/source/German_mediatization) and fell to the newly established [Kingdom of Hanover](/source/Kingdom_of_Hanover) in 1814. Vienenburg received [town privileges](/source/town_privileges) in 1935. Part of the Prussian [Province of Hanover](/source/Province_of_Hanover) since 1866, it was incorporated into the [Free State of Brunswick](/source/Free_State_of_Brunswick) in 1941. ===Wöltingerode Abbey=== thumb|left|Wöltingerode In 1174 the Counts of Wohldenberg established a [Benedictine](/source/Order_of_Saint_Benedict) monastery at their ancestral seat west of Vienenburg, which converted into a [Cistercian](/source/Cistercians) nunnery a few years later, confirmed by Emperor [Frederick Barbarossa](/source/Frederick_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) in 1188 and by [Pope Honorius III](/source/Pope_Honorius_III) in a 1216 deed. The abbey affiliated to the [Bishopric of Hildesheim](/source/Bishopric_of_Hildesheim) generated several filial monasteries and left a collection of notable manuscripts, now kept at the [Herzog August Library](/source/Herzog_August_Library) in [Wolfenbüttel](/source/Wolfenb%C3%BCttel). In 1523 the Prince-bishop of Hildesheim had to cede Wöltingerode to Duke [Henry the Younger](/source/Henry_V%2C_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg) of [Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel](/source/Principality_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel) as a result of the [Great Diocesan Feud](/source/Great_Diocesan_Feud). Henry's son Duke [Julius](/source/Julius%2C_Duke_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel) turned [Protestant](/source/Protestantism) in 1568 and in consequence a [Lutheran](/source/Lutheranism) abbess was installed as head of the monastery. During the [Thirty Years' War](/source/Thirty_Years'_War) the Hildesheim Prince-bishop [Ferdinand of Bavaria](/source/Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(bishop)), backed by the [Catholic League](/source/Catholic_League_(German)) and his [Wittelsbach](/source/House_of_Wittelsbach) relatives, took the occasion to regain the lost territories. Referring to the 1629 [Edict of Restitution](/source/Edict_of_Restitution) issued by Emperor [Ferdinand II](/source/Ferdinand_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor), he had the nuns expelled and put the abbey under [Jesuit](/source/Society_of_Jesus) rule. Nevertheless, in 1632 the Catholic canons again had to abscond from the approaching [Swedish](/source/Swedish_Empire) army and Wöltingerode, though it finally fell back to the Hildesheim Bishopric in 1643, remained Lutheran until the 1803 secularisation. Today Wöltingerode is known for its abbey church, a [Romanesque](/source/Romanesque_architecture) basilica of the late 12th century with an attached cloister and a crypt, which serves for storage of the Wöltingerode [Korn](/source/Korn_(liquor)), distilled here since 1682. ==Politics== Seats in the last municipal assembly ''(Stadtrat)'' as of 2011 elections: *[Social Democratic Party of Germany](/source/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany) (SPD): 10 (38.92%) *[Christian Democratic Union](/source/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)) (CDU): 8 (29.98%) *''Bürger für Vienenburg'' ([Free Voters](/source/Free_Voters)): 5 (17.51%) *Green Alternative Voters (GAW): 2 (8.69%) *[National Democratic Party of Germany](/source/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany) (NPD): 1 (3.00%) In December 2012, the assembly voted for the amalgamation with Goslar. == Transport == thumb|Railway station Vienenburg's railway station, opened in 1840 on the [Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway](/source/Brunswick%E2%80%93Bad_Harzburg_railway) of the [Duchy of Brunswick State Railway](/source/Duchy_of_Brunswick_State_Railway), is the oldest preserved one in Germany and a regional railway hub. From Vienenburg, railway lines run in four directions: north [to Brunswick](/source/Brunswick%E2%80%93Bad_Harzburg_railway), southeast [to Halberstadt–Halle](/source/Heudeber-Danstedt%E2%80%93Bad_Harzburg%2FVienenburg_railway), south to Bad Harzburg and southwest [to Oker–Goslar](/source/Vienenburg%E2%80%93Goslar_railway). The old [goods line to Langelsheim](/source/Vienenburg%E2%80%93Langelsheim_railway) was a victim of the [division of Germany](/source/division_of_Germany) and was never reactivated. Vienenburg lies on the [B 82](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_82) (link to the [A 7](/source/Bundesautobahn_7) Hannover/Kassel) and [241](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_241) (Goslar) federal highways as well as the B 82 (link to the [A 2](/source/Bundesautobahn_2); Brunswick, Berlin/Dortmund) and the [B 6](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6)/[B 6n](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6n) (links to the [A 14](/source/Bundesautobahn_14) [Halle](/source/Halle_(Saale))/[Leipzig](/source/Leipzig)−[Magdeburg](/source/Magdeburg) and to [Goslar](/source/Goslar) and [Bad Harzburg](/source/Bad_Harzburg)). ==Notable people== *[Frederick Rese](/source/Frederick_Rese) (1791–1871), bishop of Detroit *[Christoph Gudermann](/source/Christoph_Gudermann) (1798–1852), mathematician *[Werner Willikens](/source/Werner_Willikens) (1893–1961), Nazi politician *[Fritz Deike](/source/Fritz_Deike) (1913–1973), football player ==Town twinning== *{{flagicon|Scotland}} [Forres](/source/Forres), [Scotland](/source/Scotland), [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) ==References== {{commons category}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} Category:Vienenburg Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1203 Category:Former municipalities in Lower Saxony --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Vienenburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienenburg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienenburg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.