# Video post-processing > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Video_post-processing > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Video_post-processing.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_post-processing > Source revision: 1334248108 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Image processing methods This article is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this article, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (March 2024) The term **post-processing** (or **postproc** for short) is used in the video and film industry for quality-improvement [image processing](/source/Image_processing) (specifically [digital image processing](/source/Digital_image_processing)) methods used in video playback devices, such as stand-alone [DVD-Video](/source/DVD-Video) players; video playing software; and [transcoding](/source/Transcoding) software. It is also commonly used in real-time [3D rendering](/source/3D_rendering) (such as in [video games](/source/Video_game)) to add additional effects. ## Uses in video production Video post-processing is the process of changing the perceived quality of a video on playback (done after the decoding process). [Image scaling](/source/Image_scaling) routines such as [linear interpolation](/source/Linear_interpolation), [bilinear interpolation](/source/Bilinear_interpolation), or [cubic interpolation](/source/Cubic_interpolation) can for example be performed when increasing the size of images; this involves either [subsampling](/source/Downsampling) (reducing or shrinking an image) or [zooming](/source/Digital_zoom) (enlarging an image). This helps reduce or hide image artifacts and flaws in the original film material. Post-processing always involves a trade-off between speed, smoothness and sharpness. - [Image scaling](/source/Image_scaling) and [multivariate interpolation](/source/Multivariate_interpolation): - [Nearest-neighbor interpolation](/source/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation) - [linear interpolation](/source/Linear_interpolation) - [bilinear interpolation](/source/Bilinear_interpolation) - [cubic interpolation](/source/Cubic_interpolation) - [bicubic interpolation](/source/Bicubic_interpolation) - [Bézier surface](/source/B%C3%A9zier_surface) - [Lanczos resampling](/source/Lanczos_resampling) - [trilinear interpolation](/source/Trilinear_interpolation) - [Tricubic interpolation](/source/Tricubic_interpolation) - SPP (Statistical-Post-Processing) - [Deblocking](/source/Deblocking_filter_(video)) - Deringing - Sharpen / Unsharpen (often referred to as "soften") - Requantization - Luminance alterations - Blurring / [denoising](/source/Video_denoising) - [Deinterlacing](/source/Deinterlacing) - weave deinterlace method - bob deinterlace method - linear deinterlace method - yadif deinterlace method - [Deflicking](/source/Deflicking) - 2:3 pull-down / [ivtc](/source/Ivtc) ([inverse telecine](/source/Inverse_telecine)) for conversion from 24 frames/s and 23.976 frames/s to 30 frames/s and 29.97 frames/s - 3:2 pull-up ([telecine](/source/Telecine) conversion) for conversion from 30 frames/s and 29.97 frames/s to 24 frames/s and 23.976 frames/s ## Uses in 3D rendering Additionally, post-processing is commonly used in [3D rendering](/source/3D_rendering), especially for video games. Instead of rendering 3D objects directly to the display, the scene is first rendered to a buffer in the memory of the [video card](/source/Video_card). [Pixel shaders](/source/Pixel_shaders) and optionally [vertex shaders](/source/Vertex_shaders) are then used to apply post-processing filters to the image buffer before displaying it to the screen. Some post-processing effects also require multiple-passes, gamma inputs, vertex manipulation, and [depth buffer](/source/Depth_buffer) access. Post-processing allows effects to be used that require awareness of the entire image (since normally each 3D object is rendered in isolation). Such effects include: - [Ambient occlusion](/source/Ambient_occlusion) (HBAO, [Screen space ambient occlusion](/source/Screen_space_ambient_occlusion) (SSAO, reflections), etc. - [Anaglyph](/source/Anaglyph_3D) - [Anti-aliasing](/source/Anti-aliasing) ([FXAA](/source/Fast_approximate_anti-aliasing), AGAA,[1] [SMAA](/source/Morphological_antialiasing), [MLAA](/source/MLAA), and custom anti-aliasing methods—not sample-size AA like MSAA and SSAA) - [Bloom](/source/Bloom_(shader_effect)) - Blur ([depth of field](/source/Depth_of_field), [motion blur](/source/Motion_blur), smart) - Bloodlust effect (red vignetting with particles, etc.) - [Bokeh](/source/Bokeh) - [Bump mapping](/source/Bump_mapping) - [Cel shading](/source/Cel_shading) - [Chromatic aberration](/source/Chromatic_aberration) - [Color correction](/source/Color_correction) - [Color grading](/source/Color_grading) - [Contrast](/source/Contrast_(vision)) adjustment - Dynamic contrast - [Crepuscular rays](/source/Crepuscular_rays) - Digital camera light compensation - [Dithering](/source/Dithering) (including subpixel) - Eye adaptation - [Film grain](/source/Film_grain) - Filmic scene tone mapping - [Fog](/source/Fog)/[mist](/source/Mist) - [Gamma correction](/source/Gamma_correction) - [Global illumination](/source/Global_illumination) - Glow - [Grayscale](/source/Grayscale) - Haze (depth, [heat](/source/Heat_haze)) - [High-dynamic-range rendering](/source/High-dynamic-range_rendering) - [Image distortion](/source/Image_distortion) - [Infrared](/source/Infrared) - [Lens flare](/source/Lens_flare) (cubic lens distortion flare,[2] pseudo lens flare[3]) - [Light scattering](/source/Light_scattering) - [Nightvision](/source/Nightvision) - [Outlines](/source/Outline_drawing) - [Particle effects](/source/Particle_effects) - Pixel vibrance - [Point-light](/source/Point_source#Light) [attenuation](/source/Attenuation) - [Posterization](/source/Posterization) and deposterization - [Scanline](/source/Scanline) - Screen borders - Screen rotation - [Shading](/source/Shading) (ink, paint, sketch) - [Shadow mapping](/source/Shadow_mapping) - [Sepia tone](/source/Sepia_tone) - [Sharpen/unsharpen](/source/Image_sharpening) (texture unsharp mask, LumaSharpen, sharpen, sharpen complex 1/2, adaptive-sharpen) - [Sobel operator](/source/Sobel_operator) - [Split screen](/source/Split_screen_(computer_graphics)) - [Upscaling](/source/Video_scaler) (i.e. xBR, Super xBR, SuperRes) - [Texture filtering](/source/Texture_filtering) (point, linear, bilinear, trilinear, anisotropic, and custom algorithms) - [Vignette](/source/Vignetting) ## See also - [Post-production](/source/Post-production) - [Pixel-art scaling algorithms](/source/Pixel-art_scaling_algorithms) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Aggregate G-Buffer Anti-Aliasing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160427141630/http://graphics.cs.williams.edu/papers/AggregateI3D15/). Archived from [the original](http://graphics.cs.williams.edu/papers/AggregateI3D15/) on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2016-01-16. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["//game dev log of martins upitis: GLSL Cubic Lens Distortion"](http://devlog-martinsh.blogspot.com/2011/10/glsl-cubic-lens-distortion.html). October 13, 2011. {{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: External link in |title= ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link)) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["john-chapman-graphics: Pseudo Lens Flare"](http://john-chapman-graphics.blogspot.com/2013/02/pseudo-lens-flare.html). February 22, 2013. ## External links - [Videotranscoding Wiki](https://web.archive.org/web/20080915200703/http://videotranscoding.wikispaces.com/) -(documentation on server-side usage of MPlayer for transcoding) v t e Video processing Post-processing Deblocking Resizing Comparison Deinterlacing Denoising Deflickering Special processing Film colorization (tinting) Color grading Film look Super-resolution imaging Video matting Uncompressed Pixel art scaling Telecine --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Video post-processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_post-processing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_post-processing?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.