# Video journalism > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Video_journalism > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Video_journalism.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_journalism > Source revision: 1344946676 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Form of journalism, shot on video}} {{Journalism sidebar}} '''Video journalism''' or '''videojournalism''' is a form of [journalism](/source/journalism), where the journalist shoots, edits and often presents their own video material. ==Background== A predecessor to video journalism first appeared in the 1960s in the US, when reporters had to write and shoot their own stories.probably 88u [http://goa2003.onlinejournalismus.de/forschung/videojournalismus_berufsbild.php Roman Mischelulgvyy5ugu ''Definition, Geschichte und Gegenwart'', onlinejournalismus.de, 9. Februar 2005 (21. November 2006g5uvyc Chevy u guv)] [Michael Rosenblum](/source/Michael_Rosenblum) compared the introduction of [video cameras](/source/Professional_video_camera) to the invention of the portable camera in the 1930s: film spools of plastic made [photography](/source/photography) independent from heavy [plates](/source/Photographic_plate) and tripods, and [digital video technology](/source/DV_(video_format)) liberates TV from heavy [electronic news gathering](/source/electronic_news_gathering) (ENG) equipment, artificial light and [television studio](/source/television_studio)s in much the same manner. Video journalism makes it possible for [videographer](/source/videographer)s to document any event while it is still occurring.[Michael Rosenblum](/source/Michael_Rosenblum): ''Vom Zen des Videojournalismus'', in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: ''Videojournalismus''. Uni Edition, 2003, {{ISBN|3-937151-10-9}}, S. 17-75 The concept of the Videojournalist using a small camera was invented by [Michael Rosenblum](/source/Michael_Rosenblum) in 1988. The first TV station in the world to use only VJs was TV Bergen, in Bergen, Norway. Rosenblum later built VJ-only TV stations for [TV 3 Norway](/source/TV3_(Norwegian_TV_channel)), [TV3 Sweden](/source/TV3_(Swedish_TV_channel)) and [TV3 Denmark](/source/TV3_(Danish_TV_channel)). Around the same time, [CITY-TV](/source/CITY-DT) in Toronto also began to adapt the ideas for their ''[CityPulse](/source/CityNews)'' newscast and other shows produced at the station, becoming a staple; similar principles were adopted by Citytv head [Moses Znaimer](/source/Moses_Znaimer) at other CHUM television stations and networks. In the early 1990s, the news channel [New York 1](/source/NY1) was the first TV station in the US to hire only video journalists and have them trained by Rosenblum.{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/ny1/AboutNY1/ny1_info.jsp |title=Station History |access-date=2007-05-02 |publisher=TV channel |date=2007-05-08 }} In the mid-1990s, the first [German](/source/Germany) private stations followed the example of NY1, and in 1994, the regional channel [Bayerischer Rundfunk](/source/Bayerischer_Rundfunk) became the first [public broadcasting](/source/public_broadcasting) station to follow suit and hire a number of video journalists. In 2001 the [BBC](/source/BBC) started to switch to video journalism in all its regional offices.Andre Zalbertus: ''Vom Abenteuer einer Revolution in Deutschland'', in: Andre Zalbertus/ Rosenblum, Michael: ''Videojournalismus''. Uni Edition, 2003, {{ISBN|3-937151-10-9}}, S. 11-15 By June 2005 the [BBC](/source/BBC) has more than 600 of its staff trained as video journalists.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/07_july/01/vj.shtml |title=BBC hosts European video journalism conference |access-date=2007-02-08 |publisher=[British Broadcasting Corporation](/source/British_Broadcasting_Corporation) |date=2005-07-01 }} Other broadcasting entities who now use video journalism include [Voice of America](/source/Voice_of_America) and [Video News International](/source/Video_News_International).{{cite web | url=http://televisionbroadcast.com/articles/article_1091.shtml | title=Video Journalists: More Crews, More Coverage, More Ratings |access-date=2007-04-06 |publisher=TVB, Television Broadcast |date=2006-09-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061128121119/http://televisionbroadcast.com/articles/article_1091.shtml |archive-date = 2006-11-28}} It also seems to be becoming more widespread among [newspaper](/source/newspaper)s, with the [New York Times](/source/New_York_Times) alone employing twelve video journalists.{{cite news |url=http://video.nytimes.com/ |title=New York Times video |access-date=2010-02-28 |work=The New York Times |date=2010-02-28 }} The [Press Association](/source/Press_Association) (UK) is behind a training programme which "converts" regional journalists into video journalists, and more than 100 have been converted as of March 2007.{{cite web | url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=37397 | title=In the frame for video journalism | access-date=2007-09-12 | publisher=Press Gazette | date=2007-04-23}} In Australia, several commercial networks employ Video Journalists. They include WIN News, Golden West Network (GWN) and Network Ten. Increasing popularity in online news has seen Video Journalists employed by Fairfax, News Limited and The West Australian Newspaper Holdings to produce video content for their news websites. In Canada, the [Canadian Broadcasting Corporation](/source/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation) made a widespread move into hiring video journalists (or retraining existing reporters or camera people to do multiple jobs) in the late 1990s. In most cases, they were assigned to local [newsroom](/source/newsroom)s to do daily news, just as full crews had before. Primarily, it was a cost-saving measure. Within a few years, however, it was clear that this rarely produced good results because of short deadlines and the assumption that VJ's could work the same way and on the same stories. The effort was scaled back. The exception turned out to be video journalists who work more as independent documentary film-makers, using their [electronic field production](/source/electronic_field_production) (EFP) mobility and easier access to do stories that don't have short deadlines. One example of this is award-winning video journalist Sasa Petricic, who works for CBC's flagship daily [newscast](/source/newscast), The National, and reports solo from around the world. [Tara Sutton](/source/Tara_Sutton) another Canadian video journalist reported for multiple news outlets from Iraq and other conflicts and won many international awards. She has cited the unobtrusively small equipment of a video journalist as allowing her to move undercover more easily in the extreme danger of Iraq and access places where traditional news crews could not have gone without become targets. The video journalist [Kevin Sites](/source/Kevin_Sites) is perhaps the best known having his own website Kevin Sites in the Hot Zone in which he spent a year going from one war to the next. He began as a traditional camera man but switched to video journalism. The [New York Times](/source/New_York_Times) employs 12 video journalists who come mostly from television and documentary background. The Times' video unit regularly produces documentaries to go along with print pieces that run in the newspaper. In 2012, former [New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times) and [Current TV](/source/Current_TV) video journalist, Jaron Gilinsky, founded Storyhunter, a network of 25,000 video journalists in 190 countries. == Pros and cons == thumb|A videojournalist in Italy Growth in video journalism coincides with changes in video technology and falling costs. As quality cameras and [non-linear editing system](/source/non-linear_editing_system) (NLE) have become smaller and available at a fraction of their previous prices, the single [camera operator](/source/camera_operator) method has spread.{{cite web | url=http://www.tvspy.com/nexttv/nexttvcolumn.cfm?t_nexttv_id=480&page=1&t_content_cat_id=20 | title=Democratizing TV: The BBC | access-date=2007-04-20 | publisher=TVSpy | date=2002-09-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119165047/http://www.tvspy.com/nexttv/nexttvcolumn.cfm?t_nexttv_id=480&page=1&t_content_cat_id=20 | archive-date=2007-01-19 | url-status=dead }} Some argue that video journalists can get closer to the story, avoiding the impersonality that may come with larger [television crew](/source/television_crew)ing. In addition, the dramatically lower costs have made possible the birth of many [cinéma vérité](/source/cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9)-style documentary films and [television series](/source/television_series). Others see this method of production as a dilution of skills and quality driven by [television network](/source/television_network) management cost cutting incentives.{{cite web | url=http://www.ojr.org/ojr/wiki/video_journalists/ | title='Video journalists' Inevitable revolution or way to cut TV jobs? | access-date=2007-02-08 | publisher=Online Journalism Review | date=2005-02-08}} There is a move toward finding independent distribution for freelance video journalists. One of the issues is [copyright](/source/copyright), which can be difficult to obtain when broadcasters and agencies insist on full ownership of the footage. The other difficulty can be trying to find distribution beyond established contacts. Increasingly, online companies are giving VJs the opportunity to keep ownership of their stories and find global distribution. == Related words == A video journalist is often referred to simply as a "VJ". Other titles for the same or similar job include: * Solo VJ[http://www.viewmagazine.tv David Dunkley Gyimah] * One Man Band or "OMB"[http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6546938.html “One Man Band” Video Journalist Model Proliferates] * Multi-Media Journalist or "MMJ"[http://www.poynter.org/column.asp?id=2&aid=146372 News Director Gives Backpack Journalism a Try] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080711155849/http://www.poynter.org/column.asp?id=2&aid=146372 |date=July 11, 2008 }} * Backpack Journalist[https://www.usatoday.com/tech/world/iraq/2003-03-25-backpack-journalists_x.htm New technology gives birth to 'backpack journalist'] * Solo journalist or "SoJo"[http://hotzone.yahoo.com/meet-kevin Meet Kevin Sites, conflict, war correspondent & solo journalist] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008082556/http://hotzone.yahoo.com/meet-kevin |date=October 8, 2007 }} ==See also== * [Jesse Freeston](/source/Jesse_Freeston) * [Jens Erik Gould](/source/Jens_Erik_Gould) ==Notes and references== {{Reflist}} * {{cite news| url=http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20041115.SUTTON15/EmailTPStory/ | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | title=The Globe and Mail - Home}} {{Journalism}} Category:Visual journalism Category:Types of journalism --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Video journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_journalism) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_journalism?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.