# Veterinary immunology

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Main article: [Immunology](/source/Immunology)

**Veterinary immunology** is the study of the immune system in animals and how it functions in health and disease. It is a branch of biomedical science closely related to veterinary medicine and zoology.[1]

The field examines how animals respond to pathogens, how vaccines stimulate immunity, and why immune responses sometimes fail or lead to adverse reactions.[2] It also studies immune disorders and mechanisms of disease resistance in different species.[3]

Veterinary immunology is essential in improving animal health and developing vaccines for livestock and companion animals.[4]

## References

1. Ian R. Tizard. *Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction*

1. "Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology". *Elsevier*

1. "Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology". *Elsevier*

1. Ian R. Tizard. *Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction*

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