# Vertiginidae

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**Vertiginidae**, [common name](/source/Common_name) the **whorl snails**, is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of small, air-breathing [land snails](/source/Land_snail), [terrestrial](/source/Terrestrial_molluscs) [pulmonate](/source/Pulmonate) [gastropod](/source/Gastropod) [molluscs](/source/Mollusc) or [micromollusks](/source/Micromollusk) in the superfamily [Pupilloidea](/source/Pupilloidea).[2]

## Distribution

The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the [Northern Hemisphere](/source/Northern_Hemisphere): North America (60 species), Eurasia (30 species), North and central Africa (3-5 species).[1] That gives a total of approximately 93-95 species.

## Ecology

Snails in this family inhabit habitats ranging from forests to semi-open and open habitats with various different kinds of substrate cover, vegetation and humidity.[1] They feed on [microflora](/source/Microflora) - bacteria and fungi - growing on dead and living plants.[1]

## Taxonomy

The following three [subfamilies](/source/Subfamily) were recognized in [the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi,_2005)):[2]

- Subfamily Vertigininae Fitzinger, 1833 - Tribe Vertiginini Fitzinger, 1833 - Tribe [Truncatellinini](/source/Truncatellinini) Steenberg, 1925 - synonyms: Truncatellininae; Columellinae Schileyko, 1998 - raised in 2016 to family level [Truncatellinidae](/source/Truncatellinidae)
- Subfamily [Gastrocoptinae](/source/Gastrocoptinae) Pilsbry, 1918 - synonyms: Hypselostomatinae Zilch, 1959; Aulacospirinae Zilch, 1959
- Subfamily [Nesopupinae](/source/Nesopupinae) Steenberg, 1925 - synonym: Cylindrovertillidae Iredale, 1940

## Genera

Genera in the family Vertiginidae include:

**Subfamily Vertigininae**

Tribe Vertiginini

- *[Vertigo](/source/Vertigo_(gastropod))* O. F. Müller, 1773 - the [type genus](/source/Type_genus) of the family Vertiginidae[2]

**Subfamily Nesopupinae**

- *[Bothriopupa](/source/Bothriopupa)* Pilsbry, 1898[3] - *[Bothriopupa tenuidens](/source/Bothriopupa_tenuidens)* (C. B. Adams, 1845)[3]
- *[Costigo](/source/Costigo)* O. Boettger, 1891
- *[Cylindrovertilla](/source/Cylindrovertilla)* O. Boettger, 1881[2]
- *[Glandicula](/source/Glandicula)* F. Sandberger, 1875 †
- *[Helenopupa](/source/Helenopupa)* Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920
- *[Indopupa](/source/Indopupa)* Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920
- *[Insulipupa](/source/Insulipupa)* Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920
- *[Lyropupa](/source/Lyropupa)* Pilsbry, 1900
- *[Minacilla](/source/Minacilla)* H. Nordsieck, 2014 †
- *[Negulopsis](/source/Negulopsis)* H. Nordsieck, 2014 †
- *[Nesopupa](/source/Nesopupa)* Pilsbry, 1900 - the [type genus](/source/Type_genus) of the subfamily Nesopupinae[2]
- *[Nesopuparia](/source/Nesopuparia)* Pilsbry, 1926
- *[Nesopupilla](/source/Nesopupilla)* Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1920
- *[Nesoropupa](/source/Nesoropupa)* Gargominy, 2008
- *[Paracraticula](/source/Paracraticula)* Oppenheim, 1890 †
- *[Pronesopupa](/source/Pronesopupa)* Iredale, 1913
- *[Trigonopupa](/source/Trigonopupa)* H. Nordsieck, 2014 †
- *Staurodon* Lowe, 1852: synonym of *[Vertigo](/source/Vertigo_(gastropod))* O. F. Müller, 1773

**Subfamily ?**

- *[Acmopupa](/source/Acmopupa)* O. Boettger, 1889 †
- *[Propupa](/source/Propupa)* Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2006 †
- *[Pseudelix](/source/Pseudelix)* O. Boettger, 1889 †
- *[Tetoripupa](/source/Tetoripupa)* Isaji, 2010 †
- *[Sterkia](/source/Sterkia)* Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of *[Vertigo](/source/Vertigo_(gastropod))* O. F. Müller, 1773

## References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[1]

1. [*Family summary for Vertiginidae*](http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/family?id=26). [AnimalBase](/source/AnimalBase), last modified 03-09-2006, accessed 23 June 2009.

1. ["Mollusca"](http://www.ecosis.cu/cenbio/biodiversidadcuba/fauna/mollusca.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718163216/http://www.ecosis.cu/cenbio/biodiversidadcuba/fauna/mollusca.htm) July 18, 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.

- Schileyko, A. A. (1998). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 2. Gastrocoptidae, Hypselostomatidae, Vertiginidae, Truncatellinidae, Pachnodidae, Enidae, Sagdidae. Ruthenica. Supplement 2: 129–261. Moskva

## External links

- [The Vertiginidae of Poland](https://web.archive.org/web/20080907064043/http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~polmal/smp/index.htm)
- [Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10601570)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Vertiginidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertiginidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertiginidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.