# Varunidae

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{{Short description|Family of crabs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Hamagani0811.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Chasmagnathus convexus](/source/Chasmagnathus)''
| taxon = Varunidae
| authority = [H. Milne-Edwards](/source/Henri_Milne-Edwards), 1853
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies&nbsp;<ref name="Ng">{{cite journal |journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology) |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng |author2=Danièle Guinot |author3=Peter J. F. Davie |name-list-style=amp |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06 |access-date=2009-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| subdivision =
*[Asthenognathinae](/source/Asthenognathus)
*[Cyclograpsinae](/source/Cyclograpsinae)
*[Gaeticinae](/source/Gaeticinae)
*[Thalassograpsinae](/source/Thalassograpsus)
*[Varuninae](/source/Varuninae)
}}

The '''Varunidae''' are a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [thoracotremata](/source/thoracotremata)n [crab](/source/crab)s. The delimitation of this family, part of the [taxonomical](/source/taxonomical)ly confusing [Grapsoidea](/source/Grapsoidea), is undergoing revision. For a long time, they were placed at the rank of [subfamily](/source/subfamily) in the [Grapsidae](/source/Grapsidae), but they appear to be closest to ''[Macropthalmus](/source/Macropthalmus)'' and the [Mictyridae](/source/Mictyridae), which are usually placed in the [Ocypodoidea](/source/Ocypodoidea). It may thus be better to merge the latter superfamily with the Grapsoidea, retaining the latter name as it is older.<ref name = schubartetal2006>{{cite journal |author=Christoph D. Schubart |author2=S. Cannicci |author3=M. Vannini |author4=S. Fratini |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification |journal=[Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research](/source/Journal_of_Zoological_Systematics_and_Evolutionary_Research) |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=193–199 |doi=10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x}}</ref>

That notwithstanding, the revision of the Grapsoidea (in the narrow but apparently still [paraphyletic](/source/paraphyletic) sense) is also not fully completed, as many [taxa](/source/taxa) remain to be restudied. Already, several former Grapsidae [genera](/source/genera) have been moved to the Varunidae, and others are tentatively placed here pending detailed study. Among the most noteworthy of these is the [Chinese mitten crab](/source/Chinese_mitten_crab), ''Eriocheir sinensis''.<ref name = schubartetal2006 /> The genus ''[Xenograpsus](/source/Xenograpsus)'', formerly included in the Varunidae, is now placed in its own family, the [Xenograpsidae](/source/Xenograpsus).<ref name="Ng"/>

The following genera are included:<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal |journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology) |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |archive-date=2011-06-06 |access-date=2010-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=24em}}
;Asthenognathinae <small>Stimpson, 1858</small>
*''[Asthenognathus](/source/Asthenognathus)'' <small>Stimpson, 1858</small>
*''[Globihexapus](/source/Globihexapus)'' † <small>Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2001</small>
;Cyclograpsinae <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1853</small>
*''[Austrohelice](/source/Austrohelice)'' <small>K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</small>
*''[Chasmagnathus](/source/Chasmagnathus)'' <small>De Haan, 1833</small>
*''[Cyclograpsus](/source/Cyclograpsus)'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>
*''[Helicana](/source/Helicana)'' <small>K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka, 1980</small>
*''[Helice](/source/Helice_(crab))'' <small>De Haan, 1833</small>
*''[Helograpsus](/source/Helograpsus)'' <small>Campbell & Griffin, 1966</small>
*''[Metaplax](/source/Metaplax)'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1852</small>
*''[Miosesarma](/source/Miosesarma)'' † <small>Karasawa, 1989</small>
*''[Neohelice](/source/Neohelice)'' <small>K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</small>
*''[Paragrapsus](/source/Paragrapsus)'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1853</small>
*''[Parahelice](/source/Parahelice)'' <small>K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</small>
*''[Pseudohelice](/source/Pseudohelice)'' <small>K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</small>
;Gaeticinae <small>Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007</small>
*''[Gaetice](/source/Gaetice)'' <small>Gistel, 1848</small>
*''[Gopkittisak](/source/Gopkittisak)'' <small>Naruse & P. F. Clark, 2009</small>
*''[Sestrostoma](/source/Sestrostoma)'' <small>Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007</small>
;Thalassograpsinae <small>Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007</small>
*''[Thalassograpsus](/source/Thalassograpsus)'' <small>Tweedie, 1950</small>
;Varuninae <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1853</small>
*''[Acmaeopleura](/source/Acmaeopleura)'' <small>Stimpson, 1858</small>
*''[Brachynotus](/source/Brachynotus)'' <small>De Haan, 1833</small>
*''[Cyrtograpsus](/source/Cyrtograpsus)'' <small>Dana, 1851</small>
*''[Eriocheir](/source/Eriocheir)'' <small>De Haan, 1835</small>
*''[Grapsodius](/source/Grapsodius)'' <small>Holmes, 1900</small>
*''[Hemigrapsus](/source/Hemigrapsus)'' <small>Dana, 1851</small>
*''[Neoeriocheir](/source/Neoeriocheir)'' <small>T. Sakai, 1983</small>
*''[Noarograpsus](/source/Noarograpsus)'' <small>N. K. Ng, Manuel & Ng, 2006</small>
*''[Orcovita](/source/Orcovita)'' <small>Ng & Tomascik, 1994</small>
*''[Otognathon](/source/Otognathon)'' <small>Ng & Stevcic, 1993</small>
*''[Parapyxidognathus](/source/Parapyxidognathus)'' <small>Ward, 1941</small>
*''[Platyeriocheir](/source/Platyeriocheir)'' <small>N. K. Ng, J. Guo & Ng, 1999</small>
*''[Pseudogaetice](/source/Pseudogaetice)'' <small>Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007</small>
*''[Pseudograpsus](/source/Pseudograpsus)'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>
*''[Ptychognathus](/source/Ptychognathus)'' <small>Stimpson, 1858b</small>
*''[Pyxidognathus](/source/Pyxidognathus)'' <small>A. Milne-Edwards, 1879</small>
*''[Scutumara](/source/Scutumara)'' <small>Ng & Nakasone, 1993</small>
*''[Tetragrapsus](/source/Tetragrapsus)'' <small>Rathbun, 1918</small>
*''[Utica](/source/Utica_(crab))'' <small>White, 1847</small>
*''[Varuna](/source/Varuna_(crab))'' <small>Milne-Edwards, 1830</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Portal|Crustaceans}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2130342}}

Category:Grapsoidea
Category:Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards
Category:Decapod families

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Varunidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varunidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varunidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.