# Utah

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U.S. state

This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see [Utah (disambiguation)](/source/Utah_(disambiguation)).

State in the United States

Utah State Flag Seal Nicknames: "Beehive State" (official), "The Mormon State", "Deseret" Motto: Industry Anthem: "Utah...This Is the Place" "Utah, We Love Thee" Location of Utah within the United States Country United States Before statehood Utah Territory Admitted to the Union January 4, 1896 (45th) Capital (and largest city) Salt Lake City Largest county or equivalent Salt Lake Largest metro and urban areas Salt Lake City Government • Governor Spencer Cox (R) • Lieutenant Governor Deidre Henderson (R) Legislature State Legislature • Upper house State Senate • Lower house House of Representatives Judiciary Utah Supreme Court U.S. senators Mike Lee (R) John Curtis (R) U.S. House delegation 1: Blake Moore (R) 2: Celeste Maloy (R) 3: Mike Kennedy (R) 4: Burgess Owens (R) (list) Area • Total 84,899 sq mi (219,887 km2) • Land 82,147 sq mi (212,761 km2) • Water 2,755 sq mi (7,136 km2) 3.25% • Rank 13th Dimensions • Length 350 mi (560 km) • Width 270 mi (435 km) Elevation 6,100 ft (1,860 m) Highest elevation (Kings Peak[6][7][b]) 13,518 ft (4,120.3 m) Lowest elevation (Beaver Dam Wash at Arizona border[7][b][8]) 2,180 ft (664.4 m) Population (2025) • Total 3,538,904[1] • Rank 30th • Density 36.6/sq mi (14.12/km2) • Rank 41st • Median household income $93,400 (2023)[2] • Income rank 8th Demonym Utahn[a] Language • Official language English Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain) • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT) USPS abbreviation UT ISO 3166 code US-UT Traditional abbreviation Ut. Latitude 37° N to 42° N Longitude 109°3′ W to 114°3′ W Website utah.gov

State symbols of Utah List of state symbols Flag of Utah Seal of Utah Coat of arms of Utah Emblem Beehive[9] Living insignia Bird California gull Fish Bonneville cutthroat trout[10] Flower Sego lily Grass Indian ricegrass Insect Western honey bee Mammal Rocky Mountain elk Mushroom Porcini Reptile Gila monster Tree Quaking aspen Inanimate insignia Dance Square dance Dinosaur Utahraptor Firearm Browning M1911 Fossil Allosaurus Gemstone Topaz Mineral Copper[10] Rock Coal[10] Tartan Utah State Centennial Tartan State route marker State quarter Released in 2007 Lists of United States state symbols

**Utah**[c][d] is a landlocked state in the [Mountain West](/source/Mountain_states) subregion of the [Western United States](/source/Western_United_States). It is one of the [Four Corners](/source/Four_Corners) states, sharing a border with [Arizona](/source/Arizona), [Colorado](/source/Colorado), and [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico). It also borders [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming) to the northeast, [Idaho](/source/Idaho) to the north, and [Nevada](/source/Nevada) to the west. In comparison to all the U.S. states and territories, Utah, with a population of just over three million, is the [13th-largest by area](/source/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area), the [30th-most populous](/source/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population), and the [11th-least densely populated](/source/List_of_U.S._states_by_population_density). Urban development is mostly concentrated in two regions: the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front) in the north-central part of the state, which includes the state capital, [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City), and is home to roughly two-thirds of the population; and [Washington County](/source/Washington_County%2C_Utah) in the southwest, which has approximately 180,000 residents.[11] Most of the western half of Utah lies in the [Great Basin](/source/Great_Basin).

Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various [Indigenous peoples](/source/Indigenous_people_of_the_United_States), such as the [ancient Puebloans](/source/Ancestral_Puebloans), the [Navajo](/source/Navajo), and the Ute. The first Europeans to arrive – in the mid-16th century – were the Spanish. Because of the region's challenging geography and harsh climate, it only became a peripheral part of [New Spain](/source/New_Spain) (and later of Mexico). Even while it was Mexican territory, many of the Utah region's earliest European settlers were from the United States; notable among these were Mormons who were fleeing marginalization and persecution in the United States and arrived via the so-called [Mormon Trail](/source/Mormon_Trail). In 1848, after the [Mexican–American War](/source/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War), the region was [annexed by the U.S.](/source/Mexican_Cession), becoming part of the [Utah Territory](/source/Utah_Territory), which included what later became Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state: in 1896, after it agreed to outlaw polygamy, it was admitted as the [45th state](/source/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union).

People from Utah are known as Utahns.[3] Slightly over half of all Utahns are [Mormons](/source/Mormons), the vast majority of whom are members of [the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints](/source/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) (LDS Church), which has [its world headquarters](/source/Church_Office_Building) in Salt Lake City;[12] Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church.[13] The LDS Church greatly influences Utah's culture, politics, and daily life.[14] However, since the 1990s, Utah has become both more religiously diverse and more secular.

Utah has a highly diversified [economy](/source/Economy_of_Utah), with major sectors including transportation, [education](/source/Education_in_Utah), information technology and research, [government](/source/Government_of_Utah) services, mining, [multi-level marketing](/source/Multi-level_marketing), and tourism.[15] Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000,[16] with the [2020 U.S. census](/source/United_States_Census_Bureau) confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah) was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005.[17] It has the [12th-highest median average income](/source/Household_income_in_the_United_States) and the [least income inequality](/source/List_of_U.S._states_by_Gini_coefficient) of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by [climate change](/source/Climate_change), [droughts](/source/Drought) in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity,[18] putting a further strain on Utah's [water security](/source/Water_security) and impacting the state's economy.[19]

## Etymology

The name *Utah* derives from the name of the [Ute tribe](/source/Ute_tribe), meaning 'people of the mountains'.[20] However, no such word exists in the Utes' language, and the Utes refer to themselves as *Noochee*. The meaning of *Utes* as 'the mountain people' has been attributed to the neighboring [Pueblo Indians](/source/Puebloans),[21] as well as to the [Apache](/source/Apache_language) word *Yuttahih*, which means 'one that is higher up' or 'those that are higher up'.[20] In [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language), it was pronounced *Yuta*; subsequently, English-speaking people may have adapted the word as *Utah*.[22]

## History

Main article: [History of Utah](/source/History_of_Utah)

### Pre-Columbian

See also: [Native Americans in Utah](/source/Native_Americans_in_Utah)

Map showing Utah in 1838 when it was part of Mexico, *Britannica* 7th edition

Thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the [Ancestral Puebloans](/source/Ancestral_Puebloans) and the [Fremont](/source/Fremont_culture) people lived in what is now known as Utah, some of which spoke languages of the [Uto-Aztecan](/source/Uto-Aztecan) group. Ancestral Pueblo peoples built their homes through [excavations](/source/Excavation_(archaeology)) in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century.

Another group of Native Americans, the [Navajo](/source/Navajo_people), settled in the region around the 18th century. In the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the [Goshute](/source/Goshute), the [Paiute](/source/Southern_Paiute), the [Shoshone](/source/Shoshone), and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived.[23][24]

### Spanish exploration (1540)

Main articles: [New Spain](/source/New_Spain), [The Californias § History](/source/The_Californias#History), [First Mexican Empire](/source/First_Mexican_Empire), [Provisional Government of Mexico](/source/Provisional_Government_of_Mexico), [First Mexican Republic](/source/First_Mexican_Republic), and [Centralist Republic of Mexico](/source/Centralist_Republic_of_Mexico)

The southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by [Francisco Vázquez de Coronado](/source/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado) while looking for the legendary [Cíbola](/source/Seven_Cities_of_Gold). A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the [Domínguez–Escalante expedition](/source/Dom%C3%ADnguez%E2%80%93Escalante_expedition)—left [Santa Fe](/source/Santa_Fe%2C_New_Mexico) in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California. The expedition traveled as far north as [Utah Lake](/source/Utah_Lake) and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature. In 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of [Alta California](/source/Alta_California).

European trappers and [fur traders](/source/Fur_traders) explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada and the United States. The city of [Provo, Utah](/source/Provo%2C_Utah), was named for one [Étienne Provost](/source/%C3%89tienne_Provost), who visited the area in 1825. The city of [Ogden, Utah](/source/Ogden%2C_Utah), was named after [Peter Skene Ogden](/source/Peter_Skene_Ogden), a Canadian explorer who traded furs in the Weber Valley.

In late 1824, [Jim Bridger](/source/Jim_Bridger) became the first known English-speaking person to sight the [Great Salt Lake](/source/Great_Salt_Lake). Due to the high [salinity](/source/Salinity) of its waters, he thought he had found the Pacific Ocean; he subsequently learned this body of water was a giant [salt lake](/source/Salt_lake). After the discovery of the lake, hundreds of American and Canadian traders and trappers established trading posts in the region. In the 1830s, thousands of migrants traveling from the Eastern United States to the American West began to make stops in the region of the Great Salt Lake, then known as Lake Youta.[25]

### Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)

Main articles: [Mexican–American War](/source/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War), [Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo](/source/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo), and [Mexican Cession](/source/Mexican_Cession)

[Brigham Young](/source/Brigham_Young) led the first [Mormon pioneers](/source/Mormon_pioneers) to the Great Salt Lake.

Following the [death of Joseph Smith](/source/Death_of_Joseph_Smith) in 1844, [Brigham Young](/source/Brigham_Young), as president of the [Quorum of the Twelve](/source/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)), became the leader of the LDS Church in [Nauvoo, Illinois](/source/Nauvoo%2C_Illinois).[26] To address the growing conflicts between his people and their neighbors, Young agreed with Illinois Governor [Thomas Ford](/source/Thomas_Ford_(politician)) in October 1845 that the Mormons would leave by the following year.[27]

Young and the first group of Mormon pioneers reached the [Salt Lake Valley](/source/Salt_Lake_Valley) on July 24, 1847. Over the next 22 years, more than 70,000 pioneers crossed the plains and settled in Utah.[28] For the first few years, Brigham Young and the thousands of early settlers of Salt Lake City struggled to survive. The arid desert land was deemed desirable by the Mormons as a place where they could practice their religion without harassment.

Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.[29]

The first group of settlers brought three African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.[30] The three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.[31]

Utah was a Mexican territory when the first pioneers arrived in 1847. Early in the [Mexican–American War](/source/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War) in late 1846, the United States had taken control of [New Mexico](/source/Capture_of_Santa_Fe) and California. The entire Southwest [became U.S. territory](/source/Mexican_Cession) upon the signing of the [Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo](/source/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo), February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the [United States Senate](/source/United_States_Senate) on March 11. Learning that California and New Mexico were applying for statehood, the settlers of the Utah area (originally having planned to petition for territorial status) applied for statehood with an ambitious plan for a [State of Deseret](/source/State_of_Deseret).

The Mormon settlements provided pioneers for other settlements in the West. Salt Lake City became the hub of a "far-flung commonwealth"[32] of Mormon settlements. With new church converts coming from the East and around the world, Church leaders often assigned groups of church members as missionaries to establish other settlements throughout the West. They developed irrigation to support fairly large pioneer populations along Utah's Wasatch front (Salt Lake City, Bountiful and Weber Valley, and Provo and Utah Valley).[33] Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, Mormon pioneers established hundreds of other settlements in Utah, [Idaho](/source/Idaho), [Nevada](/source/Nevada), [Arizona](/source/Arizona), [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming), [California](/source/California), [Canada](/source/Canada), and [Mexico](/source/Mexico)—including in [Las Vegas, Nevada](/source/Las_Vegas%2C_Nevada); [Franklin, Idaho](/source/Franklin%2C_Idaho) (the first European settlement in Idaho); [San Bernardino, California](/source/San_Bernardino%2C_California); [Mesa, Arizona](/source/Mesa%2C_Arizona); [Star Valley, Wyoming](/source/Star_Valley_(Wyoming)); and [Carson Valley, Nevada](/source/Carson_Valley%2C_Nevada).

Prominent settlements in Utah included [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah), [Logan](/source/Logan%2C_Utah), and [Manti](/source/Manti%2C_Utah) (where settlers completed the LDS Church's first three [temples](/source/Temple_(LDS_Church)) in Utah, each started after but finished many years before the larger and better-known temple built in Salt Lake City was completed in 1893), as well as Parowan, Cedar City, Bluff, Moab, Vernal, Fillmore (which served as the territorial capital between 1850 and 1856), Nephi, Levan, Spanish Fork, Springville, Provo Bench (now [Orem](/source/Orem)), Pleasant Grove, American Fork, Lehi, Sandy, Murray, Jordan, Centerville, Farmington, Huntsville, Kaysville, Grantsville, Tooele, Roy, Brigham City, and many other smaller towns and settlements. Young had an expansionist view of the territory that he and the Mormon pioneers were settling, calling it Deseret—which according to the [Book of Mormon](/source/Book_of_Mormon) was an ancient word for "honeybee". This is symbolized by the beehive on the Utah flag, and the state's motto, "Industry".[34]

### Utah Territory (1850–1896)

Main articles: [Organic act § List of organic acts](/source/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts), [Utah Territory](/source/Utah_Territory), [Admission to the Union](/source/Admission_to_the_Union), and [List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union](/source/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union)

A sketch of Salt Lake City in 1860

[Deseret Village](/source/This_Is_the_Place_Heritage_Park#Deseret_Village) recreates Utah pioneer life for tourists.

The [Golden Spike](/source/Golden_Spike) where the [First transcontinental railroad](/source/First_transcontinental_railroad) was completed in the U.S. on May 10, 1869, in [Promontory, Utah](/source/Promontory%2C_Utah)

The Utah Territory was much smaller than the proposed state of Deseret, but it still contained all of the present states of Nevada and Utah as well as pieces of modern Wyoming and [Colorado](/source/Colorado).[35] It was created with the [Compromise of 1850](/source/Compromise_of_1850), and [Fillmore](/source/Fillmore%2C_Utah), named after President [Millard Fillmore](/source/Millard_Fillmore), was designated the capital. The territory was given the name Utah after the Ute tribe of Native Americans. Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856.

By 1850, there were around 100 black people in the territory, the majority of whom were slaves.[36] In Salt Lake County, 26 slaves were counted.[29] In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the [Act in Relation to Service](/source/Act_in_Relation_to_Service) and the [Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners](/source/Act_for_the_relief_of_Indian_Slaves_and_Prisoners) formally legalizing slavery in the territory. Slavery was abolished in the territory during the Civil War.

In 1850, following a period of increasing tensions with the [Timpanogos](/source/Timpanogos), Salt Lake City sent out a force known as the [Nauvoo Legion](/source/Nauvoo_Legion), composed of 90 Mormon militiamen, and attacked an encampment of Timpanogos in what was called the [Battle at Fort Utah](/source/Battle_at_Fort_Utah), but would later be known as the 'Provo River massacre', in which between 40 and 100 Native Americans were killed.[37]: 71

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the [U.S. government](/source/Government_of_the_United_States) intensified due to the practice of [plural marriage](/source/Plural_marriage), or [polygamy](/source/Polygamy), among members of the LDS Church. The Mormons were still pushing for the establishment of a State of Deseret with the new borders of the Utah Territory. Most, if not all, of the members of the U.S. government opposed the polygamous practices of the Mormons.

Members of the LDS Church were viewed as un-American and rebellious when news of their polygamous practices spread. In 1857, particularly heinous accusations of abdication of government and general immorality were leveled by former associate justice William W. Drummond, among others. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of [James Buchanan](/source/James_Buchanan) to send a secret military "expedition" to Utah. When the supposed rebellion should be quelled, [Alfred Cumming](/source/Alfred_Cumming_(governor)) would take the place of Brigham Young as territorial governor. The resulting conflict is known as the [Utah War](/source/Utah_War), nicknamed "Buchanan's Blunder" by the Mormon leaders.

In September 1857, about 120 American settlers of the Baker–Fancher wagon train, en route to California from Arkansas, were murdered by [Utah Territorial Militia](/source/Utah_Territorial_Militia) and some [Paiute](/source/Southern_Paiute) Native Americans in the [Mountain Meadows massacre](/source/Mountain_Meadows_massacre).[38]

Before troops led by [Albert Sidney Johnston](/source/Albert_Sidney_Johnston) entered the territory, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City to evacuate southward to [Utah Valley](/source/Utah_Valley) and sent out the Nauvoo Legion to delay the government's advance. Although wagons and supplies were burned, eventually the troops arrived in 1858, and Young surrendered official control to Cumming, although most subsequent commentators claim that Young retained true power in the territory. A steady stream of governors appointed by the president quit the position, often citing the traditions of their supposed territorial government. By agreement with Young, Johnston established [Camp Floyd](/source/Camp_Floyd), 40 miles (60 km) away from Salt Lake City to the southwest.

Salt Lake City was the last link of the [First Transcontinental Telegraph](/source/First_Transcontinental_Telegraph), completed in October 1861. Brigham Young was among the first to send a message, along with [Abraham Lincoln](/source/Abraham_Lincoln) and other officials.

Because of the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory in 1861. This was a boon to the local economy as the army sold everything in camp for pennies on the dollar before marching back east to join the war. The territory was then left in LDS hands until [Patrick E. Connor](/source/Patrick_Edward_Connor) arrived with a regiment of California volunteers in 1862. Connor established [Fort Douglas](/source/Fort_Douglas_(Utah)) just 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his people to discover mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the territory. Minerals were discovered in [Tooele County](/source/Tooele_County%2C_Utah) and miners began to flock to the territory.

Beginning in 1865, [Utah's Black Hawk War](/source/Utah's_Black_Hawk_War) developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory's history. Chief [Antonga Black Hawk](/source/Antonga_Black_Hawk) died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the [Ghost Dance](/source/Ghost_Dance) of 1872. The war is unique among [Indian Wars](/source/Indian_Wars) because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos [Utes](/source/Ute_Tribe) led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and LDS authorities.

On May 10, 1869, the [First transcontinental railroad](/source/First_transcontinental_railroad) was completed at [Promontory Summit](/source/Promontory_Summit), north of the Great Salt Lake.[39] The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the territory and several influential businesspeople made fortunes there.

During the 1870s and 1880s laws were passed to punish [polygamists](/source/Polygamy) due, in part, to stories from Utah. Notably, [Ann Eliza Young](/source/Ann_Eliza_Young)—tenth wife to divorce [Brigham Young](/source/Brigham_Young), women's advocate, national lecturer, and author of *Wife No. 19 or My Life of Bondage*—and [Fanny Stenhouse](/source/Fanny_Stenhouse), author of *Tell It All: My Life in Mormonism*, testified to the happiness of the very early Church members before polygamy. They independently published their books in 1875. These books and the lectures of [Ann Eliza Young](/source/Ann_Eliza_Young) have been credited with the United States Congress's passage of anti-polygamy laws by newspapers throughout the United States, as recorded in "The Ann Eliza Young Vindicator", a pamphlet which detailed Ms. Young's travels and warm reception throughout her lecture tour.

[T. B. H. Stenhouse](/source/T._B._H._Stenhouse), former Utah [Mormon](/source/Mormonism) polygamist, a Mormon missionary for thirteen years, and a Salt Lake City newspaper owner, finally left Utah and wrote *The Rocky Mountain Saints*. His book gives a witnessed account of life in Utah, both the good and the bad. He finally left Utah and Mormonism after financial ruin occurred when Brigham Young sent Stenhouse to relocate to Ogden, Utah, according to Stenhouse, to take over his thriving pro-Mormon *Salt Lake Telegraph* newspaper. In addition to these testimonies, *The Confessions of John D. Lee*, written by John D. Lee—alleged "Scapegoat" for the [Mountain Meadow Massacre](/source/Mountain_Meadow_Massacre)—also came out in 1877. The corroborative testimonies coming out of Utah from Mormons and former Mormons influenced Congress and the people of the United States.

In the [1890 Manifesto](/source/1890_Manifesto), the LDS Church banned polygamy. When Utah [applied for statehood again](/source/Utah_Constitutional_Convention_of_1895), it was accepted. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into the state constitution. This was a condition required of other western states that were admitted into the Union later. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

### 20th century to present

Children reading in [Santa Clara, Utah](/source/Santa_Clara%2C_Utah), in 1940

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as [Bryce Canyon National Park](/source/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park) and [Zion National Park](/source/Zion_National_Park), Utah became known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes featured in the popular mid-century western film genre. From such films, most US residents recognize such natural landmarks as [Delicate Arch](/source/Delicate_Arch) and "the Mittens" of [Monument Valley](/source/Monument_Valley).[40] During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the [Interstate highway](/source/Interstate_highway) system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

Since the establishment of [Alta Ski Area](/source/Alta_Ski_Area) in 1939 and the subsequent [development of several ski resorts](/source/Development_of_Skiing_in_Utah) in the state's mountains, Utah's skiing has become world-renowned. The dry, powdery snow of the [Wasatch Range](/source/Wasatch_Range) is considered some of the best skiing in the world (the state license plate once claimed "the Greatest Snow on Earth").[41][42] Salt Lake City won the bid for the [2002 Winter Olympic Games](/source/2002_Winter_Olympic_Games), and this served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues built along the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front) continue to be used for sporting events. Preparation for the Olympics spurred the development of the light-rail system in the [Salt Lake Valley](/source/Salt_Lake_Valley), known as [TRAX](/source/UTA_TRAX), and the reconstruction of the freeway system around the city. The state will again host the games in [2034](/source/2034_Winter_Olympics).

In 1957, Utah created the Utah State Parks Commission with four parks. Today, [Utah State Parks](/source/Utah_State_Parks) manages 43 parks and several undeveloped areas totaling over 95,000 acres (380 km2) of land and more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of water. Utah's state parks are scattered throughout Utah, from [Bear Lake State Park](/source/Bear_Lake_State_Park_(Utah)) at the Utah/Idaho border to [Edge of the Cedars State Park](/source/Edge_of_the_Cedars_State_Park) Museum deep in the [Four Corners](/source/Four_Corners) region and everywhere in between. Utah State Parks is also home to the state's [off highway vehicle](/source/Off_highway_vehicle) office, state boating office, and the trails program.[43]

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s growth was phenomenal in the suburbs of the Wasatch Front. [Sandy](/source/Sandy%2C_Utah) was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time. Today, many areas of Utah continue to see boom-time growth. Northern [Davis](/source/Davis_County%2C_Utah), southern and western [Salt Lake](/source/Salt_Lake_County%2C_Utah), [Summit](/source/Summit_County%2C_Utah), eastern [Tooele](/source/Tooele_County%2C_Utah), [Utah](/source/Utah_County%2C_Utah), [Wasatch](/source/Wasatch_County%2C_Utah), and [Washington](/source/Washington_County%2C_Utah) counties are all growing very quickly. Management of transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics, as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas and transportation is a major reason for poor [air quality in Utah](/source/Air_quality_in_Utah).

## Geography and geology

Main articles: [Geography of Utah](/source/Geography_of_Utah) and [Geology of Utah](/source/Geology_of_Utah)

See also: [List of canyons and gorges in Utah](/source/List_of_canyons_and_gorges_in_Utah), [List of Utah counties](/source/List_of_Utah_counties), and [List of earthquakes in Utah](/source/List_of_earthquakes_in_Utah)

Utah county boundaries

Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with [dunes](/source/Dune) to thriving [pine](/source/Pine_tree) forests in mountain valleys. It is a rugged and geographically diverse state at the convergence of three distinct geological regions: the [Rocky Mountains](/source/Rocky_Mountains), the [Great Basin](/source/Great_Basin), and the [Colorado Plateau](/source/Colorado_Plateau).

Utah covers an area of 84,899 sq mi (219,890 km2). It is one of the [Four Corners](/source/Four_Corners) states and is bordered by Idaho in the north, Wyoming in the north and east, Colorado in the east, at a single point by [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico) to the southeast, by Arizona in the south, and by Nevada in the west. Only three U.S. states (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming) have exclusively latitude and longitude lines as boundaries.

One of Utah's defining characteristics is the variety of its [terrain](/source/Terrain). Running down the middle of the state's northern third is the [Wasatch Range](/source/Wasatch_Range), which rises to heights of almost 12,000 ft (3,700 m) above sea level. Utah is home to world-renowned [ski resorts](/source/Ski_resort) made popular by light, fluffy snow and winter storms that regularly dump up to three feet of it overnight. In the state's northeastern section, running east to west, are the [Uinta Mountains](/source/Uinta_Mountains), which rise to heights of over 13,000 feet (4,000 m). The highest point in the state, [Kings Peak](/source/Kings_Peak_(Utah)), at 13,528 feet (4,123 m),[44] lies within the Uinta Mountains.

At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front), a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. It stretches approximately from [Brigham City](/source/Brigham_City%2C_Utah) at the north end to [Nephi](/source/Nephi%2C_Utah) at the south end. Approximately 75 percent of the state's population lives in this corridor, and population growth is rapid.

Western Utah is a mostly arid desert with a [basin and range](/source/Basin_and_Range_Province) topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The [Bonneville Salt Flats](/source/Bonneville_Salt_Flats) are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient [Lake Bonneville](/source/Lake_Bonneville). Great Salt Lake, [Utah Lake](/source/Utah_Lake), [Sevier Lake](/source/Sevier_Lake), and [Rush Lake](/source/Rush_Lake_(Tooele_County%2C_Utah)) are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake,[45] which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. West of the [Great Salt Lake](/source/Great_Salt_Lake), stretching to the Nevada border, lies the arid [Great Salt Lake Desert](/source/Great_Salt_Lake_Desert). One exception to this aridity is [Snake Valley](/source/Snake_Valley_(Great_Basin)), which is (relatively) lush due to large springs and wetlands fed from [groundwater](/source/Groundwater) derived from snow melt in the [Snake Range](/source/Snake_Range), [Deep Creek Range](/source/Deep_Creek_Range), and other tall mountains to the west of Snake Valley. [Great Basin National Park](/source/Great_Basin_National_Park) is just over the Nevada state line in the southern Snake Range. One of western Utah's most impressive, but least visited attractions is [Notch Peak](/source/Notch_Peak), the tallest limestone cliff in North America, located west of [Delta](/source/Delta%2C_Utah).

Much of the scenic southern and southeastern landscape (specifically the [Colorado Plateau](/source/Colorado_Plateau) region) is [sandstone](/source/Sandstone), specifically [Kayenta sandstone](/source/Kayenta_Formation) and [Navajo sandstone](/source/Navajo_sandstone). The [Colorado River](/source/Colorado_River_(U.S.)) and its tributaries wind their way through the sandstone, creating some of the world's most striking and wild terrain (the area around the confluence of the Colorado and Green Rivers was the last to be mapped in the lower 48 United States). Wind and rain have also sculpted the soft sandstone over millions of years. Canyons, gullies, arches, pinnacles, buttes, bluffs, and mesas are common sights throughout south-central and southeast Utah.

This terrain is the central feature of protected state and federal parks such as [Arches](/source/Arches_National_Park), [Bryce Canyon](/source/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park), [Canyonlands](/source/Canyonlands_National_Park), [Capitol Reef](/source/Capitol_Reef_National_Park), and [Zion](/source/Zion_National_Park) national parks, [Cedar Breaks](/source/Cedar_Breaks_National_Monument), [Grand Staircase–Escalante](/source/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument), [Hovenweep](/source/Hovenweep_National_Monument), and [Natural Bridges](/source/Natural_Bridges_National_Monument) national monuments, [Glen Canyon National Recreation Area](/source/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area) (site of the popular tourist destination, [Lake Powell](/source/Lake_Powell)), [Dead Horse Point](/source/Dead_Horse_Point_State_Park) and [Goblin Valley](/source/Goblin_Valley_State_Park) state parks, and [Monument Valley](/source/Monument_Valley). The [Navajo Nation](/source/Navajo_Nation) also extends into southeastern Utah, and the tribe is part of the coalition that manages [Bears Ears National Monument](/source/Bears_Ears_National_Monument). Southeastern Utah is also punctuated by the remote, but lofty [La Sal](/source/La_Sal_Mountains), [Abajo](/source/Abajo_Mountains), and [Henry](/source/Henry_Mountains) mountain ranges.

Eastern (northern quarter) Utah is a high-elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins, particularly the Tavaputs Plateau and [San Rafael Swell](/source/San_Rafael_Swell), which remain mostly inaccessible, and the [Uinta Basin](/source/Uinta_Basin), where the majority of eastern Utah's population lives. Economies are dominated by mining, [oil shale](/source/Oil_shale), [oil](/source/Petroleum), and natural gas-drilling, [ranching](/source/Ranching), and [recreation](/source/Recreation). Much of eastern Utah is part of the [Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation](/source/Uintah_and_Ouray_Indian_Reservation). The most popular destination within northeastern Utah is [Dinosaur National Monument](/source/Dinosaur_National_Monument) near [Vernal](/source/Vernal%2C_Utah).

Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Utah's [Dixie](/source/Dixie_(Utah)) because early settlers were able to grow some cotton there. [Beaverdam Wash](/source/Beaverdam_Wash) in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at 2,000 feet (610 m).[44] The northernmost portion of the [Mojave Desert](/source/Mojave_Desert) is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Although the Wasatch Mountains end at [Mount Nebo](/source/Mount_Nebo_(Utah)) near [Nephi](/source/Nephi%2C_Utah), a complex series of mountain ranges extends south from the southern end of the range down the spine of Utah. Just north of Dixie and east of [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah) is the state's highest ski resort, [Brian Head](/source/Brian_Head_Ski_Resort).

Like most of the [western](/source/The_West_(U.S.)) states, the [federal government](/source/Government_of_the_United_States) owns much of the land in Utah. In 2020, 63.1% of the land was either [BLM](/source/Bureau_of_Land_Management) [land](/source/Public_land), or [U.S. National Forest](/source/U.S._National_Forest), [U.S. National Park](/source/U.S._National_Park), [U.S. National Monument](/source/U.S._National_Monument), [National Recreation Area](/source/National_Recreation_Area) or [U.S. Wilderness Area](/source/U.S._Wilderness_Area).[46] Utah is the only state where every county contains some national forest.[47]

		- [Arches National Park](/source/Arches_National_Park)

		- Pariette Wetlands

		- [Little Cottonwood Canyon](/source/Little_Cottonwood_Canyon)

		- [Deer Creek Reservoir](/source/Deer_Creek_Reservoir)

		- [American Fork Canyon](/source/American_Fork_Canyon)

		- [Kolob Canyons](/source/Kolob_Canyons) at [Zion National Park](/source/Zion_National_Park)

### Adjacent states

- [Idaho](/source/Idaho) (north)

- [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming) (east and north)

- [Colorado](/source/Colorado) (east)

- [Nevada](/source/Nevada) (west)

- [Arizona](/source/Arizona) (south)

### Climate

[Köppen climate types](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification) of Utah, using 1991–2020 [climate normals](/source/Climatological_normal).

Utah features a dry, [semi-arid](/source/Semi-arid_climate) to [desert climate](/source/Desert_climate);[48] however, its many mountains feature a large variety of climates, with the highest points in the [Uinta Mountains](/source/Uinta_Mountains) being above the [timberline](/source/Tree_line). The dry weather is a result of the state's location in the [rain shadow](/source/Rain_shadow) of the [Sierra Nevada](/source/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)) in California. The eastern half of the state lies in the rain shadow of the [Wasatch Mountains](/source/Wasatch_Mountains). The primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of [monsoon](/source/Monsoon) moisture from the [Gulf of California](/source/Gulf_of_California).

Most of the lowland areas receive less than 12 inches (305 mm) of precipitation annually, although the [I-15](/source/Interstate_15_in_Utah) corridor, including the densely populated [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front), receives approximately 15 inches (381 mm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than 5 inches (127 mm). Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St. George receives only about 3 inches (76 mm) per year, Salt Lake City sees about 60 inches (1,524 mm), enhanced by the [lake-effect snow](/source/Lake-effect_snow) from the Great Salt Lake, which increases snowfall totals to the south, southeast, and east of the lake.

Some areas of the [Wasatch Range](/source/Wasatch_Range) in the path of the lake effect receive up to 500 inches (1,270 cm) per year. This micro climate of enhanced snowfall from the Great Salt Lake spans the entire proximity of the lake. The cottonwood canyons adjacent to Salt Lake City are located in the right position to receive more precipitation from the lake.[49] The consistently deep powder snow led Utah's ski industry to adopt the slogan "the Greatest Snow on Earth" in the 1980s. In the winter, [temperature inversions](/source/Temperature_inversion) are a common phenomenon across Utah's low basins and valleys, leading to thick haze and fog that can last for weeks at a time, especially in the [Uintah Basin](/source/Uintah_Basin). Although at other times of year, its air quality is good, winter inversions give Salt Lake City some of the worst wintertime pollution in the country.

Previous studies have indicated a widespread decline in snowpack over Utah accompanied by a decline in the snow–snow-precipitation ratio while anecdotal evidence claims have been put forward that measured changes in Utah's snowpack are spurious and do not reflect actual change. A 2012 study[50] found that the proportion of winter (January–March) precipitation falling as snow has decreased by nine percent during the last half century, a combined result of a significant increase in rainfall and a minor decrease in snowfall. Meanwhile, observed snow depth across Utah has decreased and is accompanied by consistent decreases in snow cover and surface albedo. Weather systems with the potential to produce precipitation in Utah have decreased in number with those producing snowfall decreasing at a considerably greater rate.[50]

Snow in [Rose Park, Salt Lake City](/source/Rose_Park%2C_Salt_Lake_City)

Utah's temperatures are extreme, with cold temperatures in winter due to its elevation, and very hot summers statewide (except mountain areas and high mountain valleys). Utah is usually protected from major blasts of cold air by mountains lying north and east of the state, although major Arctic blasts can occasionally reach the state. Average January high temperatures range from around 30 °F (−1 °C) in some northern valleys to almost 55 °F (13 °C) in St. George.

Temperatures dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C) should be expected on occasion in most areas of the state most years, although some areas see it often (for example, the town of [Randolph](/source/Randolph%2C_Utah) averages about fifty days per year with temperatures that low). In July, average highs range from about 85 to 100 °F (29 to 38 °C). However, the low humidity and high elevation typically lead to large temperature variations, leading to cool nights on most summer days. The record high temperature in Utah was 118 °F (48 °C), recorded south of St. George on July 4, 2007,[51] and the record low was −69 °F (−56 °C), recorded at [Peter Sinks](/source/Peter_Sinks) in the [Bear River Mountains](/source/Bear_River_Mountains) of northern Utah on February 1, 1985.[52] However, the record low for an inhabited location is −49 °F (−45 °C) at [Woodruff](/source/Woodruff%2C_Utah) on December 12, 1932.[53]

Utah, like most of the western United States, has few days of thunderstorms. On average, there are fewer than 40 days of thunderstorm activity during the year; however, these storms can be briefly intense when they do occur. They are most likely to occur during [monsoon](/source/North_American_Monsoon) season from about mid-July through mid-September, especially in southern and eastern Utah. Dry lightning strikes and the generally dry weather often spark wildfires in summer, while intense thunderstorms can lead to [flash flooding](/source/Flash_flood), especially in the rugged terrain of southern Utah. Although spring is the wettest season in northern Utah, late summer is the wettest period for much of the south and east of the state. Tornadoes are uncommon in Utah, with an average of two striking the state yearly, rarely higher than EF1 intensity.[54]

One exception of note, however, was the unprecedented [Salt Lake City Tornado](/source/Salt_Lake_City_Tornado) that moved directly across downtown Salt Lake City on August 11, 1999. The [F2 tornado](/source/F2_tornado) killed one person, injured 60 others, and caused approximately $170 million in damage;[55] it was the second strongest tornado in the state behind an F3 on August 11, 1993, in the Uinta Mountains.[55][56] The only other reported tornado fatality in Utah's history was a 7-year-old girl who was killed while camping in [Summit County](/source/Summit_County%2C_Utah) on July 6, 1884.[55]

### Wildlife

The [Rocky Mountain elk](/source/Rocky_Mountain_elk) is the Utah state mammal.

The [California gull](/source/California_gull) is the Utah state bird.

See also: [List of fauna of Utah](/source/List_of_fauna_of_Utah)

Utah is home to more than 600 vertebrate animal species[57] as well as numerous invertebrates and insects.[58]

#### Mammals

Main article: [List of mammals of Utah](/source/List_of_mammals_of_Utah)

Mammals are found in every area of Utah. Non-predatory larger mammals include the [plains bison](/source/Plains_bison),[59][60] [elk](/source/Elk),[61] [moose](/source/Moose),[62] [mountain goat](/source/Mountain_goat),[62] [mule deer](/source/Mule_deer),[62] [pronghorn](/source/Pronghorn),[63] and multiple types of [bighorn sheep](/source/Bighorn_sheep).[64][65][66] Non-predatory small mammals include [muskrat](/source/Muskrat),[62] and [nutria](/source/Nutria).[67] Large and small predatory mammals include the [black bear](/source/American_black_bear),[62] [cougar](/source/Cougar),[62] [Canada lynx](/source/Canada_lynx),[68] [bobcat](/source/Bobcat),[62] fox ([gray](/source/Gray_fox), [red](/source/Red_fox), and [kit](/source/Kit_fox)),[62] [coyote](/source/Coyote),[62] [badger](/source/American_badger),[62] [black-footed ferret](/source/Black-footed_ferret),[69] [mink](/source/American_mink),[62] [stoat](/source/Stoat),[62] [long-tailed weasel](/source/Long-tailed_weasel),[62] [raccoon](/source/Raccoon),[62] and [otter](/source/North_American_river_otter).[70]

The [brown bear](/source/Brown_bear) was formerly found within Utah, but has since been [extirpated](/source/Extirpation).[71] There are no confirmed mating pairs of [gray wolves](/source/Gray_wolf) in Utah, although there have been sightings in northeastern Utah along the [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming) border.[72][73]

#### Birds

Main article: [List of birds of Utah](/source/List_of_birds_of_Utah)

As of January 2020, there were 466 species included in the official list managed by the Utah Bird Records Committee (UBRC).[74][75] Of these, 119 are classed as [accidental](/source/Accidental_(biology)), 29 are classed as occasional, 57 are classed as rare, and 10 have been [introduced](/source/Introduced_species) to Utah or North America. Eleven of the accidental species are also classed as provisional.

Due to the "[Miracle of the Gulls](/source/Miracle_of_the_Gulls)" incident in 1848, the most well-known bird in Utah is the [California gull](/source/California_gull), which is also the Utah state bird.[76][77] [A monument](/source/Seagull_Monument) in Salt Lake City commemorates the Miracle of the Gulls.[77] Other gulls common to Utah include [Bonaparte's gull](/source/Bonaparte's_gull),[78] the [ring-billed gull](/source/Ring-billed_gull), and [Franklin's gull](/source/Franklin's_gull).

Other birds commonly found include the [American robin](/source/American_robin),[79] the [common starling](/source/Common_starling), finches ([black rosy](/source/Black_rosy_finch),[80] [Cassin's](/source/Cassin's_finch),[81] and [goldfinch](/source/American_goldfinch)),[82] the [black-billed magpie](/source/Black-billed_magpie),[83] [mourning doves](/source/Mourning_dove),[84] sparrows ([house](/source/House_sparrow), [tree](/source/American_tree_sparrow),[85] [black-chinned](/source/Black-chinned_sparrow),[86] [black-throated](/source/Black-throated_sparrow),[87] [Brewer's](/source/Brewer's_sparrow),[88] and [chipping](/source/Chipping_sparrow)),[89] [Clark's grebe](/source/Clark's_grebe),[90] the [ferruginous hawk](/source/Ferruginous_hawk), geese ([snow](/source/Snow_goose), [cackling](/source/Cackling_goose),[91] and [Canada](/source/Canada_goose)),[92] eagles ([golden](/source/Golden_eagle) and [bald](/source/Bald_eagle)),[93] [California quail](/source/California_quail),[94] [mountain bluebird](/source/Mountain_bluebird), and hummingbirds ([calliope](/source/Calliope_hummingbird),[95] [black-chinned](/source/Black-chinned_hummingbird),[96] and [broad-tailed](/source/Broad-tailed_hummingbird)).[97]

#### Invertebrates

Western black widow spider

Main articles: [List of arachnids of Utah](/source/List_of_arachnids_of_Utah), [List of butterflies and moths of Utah](/source/List_of_butterflies_and_moths_of_Utah), and [List of mollusks of Utah](/source/List_of_mollusks_of_Utah)

Utah is host to a wide variety of [arachnids](/source/Arachnid), [insects](/source/Insect), [mollusks](/source/Mollusk), and other [invertebrates](/source/Invertebrate). Arachnids include the [Arizona bark scorpion](/source/Centruroides_exilicauda),[98] [Western black widow spiders](/source/Latrodectus_hesperus),[99] [crab spiders](/source/Xysticus_discursans),[100] [hobo spiders](/source/Hobo_spider) (*Tegenaria agrestis*),[101] [cellar spiders](/source/Pholcus_phalangioides), [American grass spiders](/source/Agelenopsis), [woodlouse spiders](/source/Woodlouse_spider).[99] Several spiders found in Utah are often mistaken for the [brown recluse spider](/source/Brown_recluse_spider), including the [desert recluse spider](/source/Loxosceles_deserta) (found only in [Washington County](/source/Washington_County%2C_Utah)), the cellar spider, and [crevice weaving spiders](/source/Southern_house_spider).[102][103][104] The brown recluse spider has not been officially confirmed in Utah as of summer 2020[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah&action=edit).[105]

One of the rarest insects in Utah is the [Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle](/source/Cicindela_albissima), found only in [Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park](/source/Coral_Pink_Sand_Dunes_State_Park), near [Kanab](/source/Kanab%2C_Utah).[106] It was proposed in 2012 to be listed as a threatened species,[107] but the proposal was not accepted.[108] Other insects include [grasshoppers](/source/Melanoplus_sanguinipes),[109] [green stink bugs](/source/Green_stink_bug),[110] the [Army cutworm](/source/Army_cutworm),[111] the [monarch butterfly](/source/Monarch_butterfly),[112] and [Mormon fritillary butterfly](/source/Speyeria_mormonia).[112] The [white-lined sphinx](/source/Hyles_lineata) moth is common to most of the United States, but there have been reported outbreaks of large groups of their larvae damaging tomato, grape and garden crops in Utah.[113] Four or five species of [firefly](/source/Firefly) are also found across the state.[114]

In February 2009, [Africanized honeybees](/source/Africanized_honeybee) were found in southern Utah.[115][116] The bees had spread into eight counties in Utah, as far north as [Grand](/source/Grand_County%2C_Utah) and [Emery](/source/Emery_County%2C_Utah) counties by May 2017.[117]

### Vegetation

Main article: [List of flora of Utah](/source/List_of_flora_of_Utah)

[Pando](/source/Pando_(tree)), considered one of the heaviest and oldest organisms on Earth.[118][119]

[Joshua trees](/source/Yucca_brevifolia), [yuccas](/source/Yucca), and [cholla](/source/Cylindropuntia) cactus occupy the far southwest corner of the state in the [Mojave Desert](/source/Mojave_Desert)

Several thousand plants are native to Utah,[120] including a variety of trees, shrubs, cacti, herbaceous plants, and grasses. As of 2018[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah&action=edit), there are 3,930 species of plants in Utah, with 3,128 of those being indigenous and 792 being introduced through various means.[121]

Common trees include pines/piñons ([white fir](/source/Abies_concolor), [Colorado](/source/Pinus_edulis), [single-leaf](/source/Pinus_monophylla), [Great Basin bristlecone](/source/Pinus_longaeva), [ponderosa](/source/Pinus_ponderosa), [Engelmann spruce](/source/Picea_engelmannii), [Rocky Mountain white](/source/Pinus_flexilis)), and [Acer grandidentatum](/source/Acer_grandidentatum), [quaking aspen](/source/Populus_tremuloides), [bigtooth maple](/source/Acer_grandidentatum), [Utah juniper](/source/Juniperus_osteosperma), [speckled alder](/source/Alnus_incana), [red birch](/source/Betula_occidentalis), [Gambel oak](/source/Gambel_oak), [desert willow](/source/Chilopsis_linearis), [blue spruce](/source/Blue_spruce), and [Joshua trees](/source/Yucca_brevifolia). Utah has a number of named trees, including the [Jardine Juniper](/source/Jardine_Juniper), [Pando](/source/Pando_(tree)),[118][119] and the [Thousand Mile Tree](/source/Thousand_Mile_Tree). Shrubs include a number of different [ephedras](/source/Ephedra_(medicine)) ([pitamoreal](/source/Ephedra_aspera), [Navajo](/source/Ephedra_cutleri), [Arizona](/source/Ephedra_fasciculata), [Nevada](/source/Ephedra_nevadensis), [Torrey's jointfir](/source/Ephedra_torreyana), and [green Mormon tea](/source/Ephedra_viridis)), sagebrushes ([little](/source/Artemisia_arbuscula), [Bigelow](/source/Artemisia_bigelovii), [silver](/source/Artemisia_cana), [Michaux's wormwood](/source/Artemisia_michauxiana), [black](/source/Artemisia_nova), [pygmy](/source/Artemisia_pygmaea), [bud](/source/Artemisia_spinescens), and [Great Basin](/source/Artemisia_tridentata)), [blue elderberry](/source/Sambucus_cerulea), [Utah serviceberry](/source/Amelanchier_utahensis), [chokecherry](/source/Prunus_virginiana), and [skunkbush sumac](/source/Rhus_trilobata). [Western poison oak](/source/Toxicodendron_diversilobum), [poison sumac](/source/Toxicodendron_vernix), and [western poison ivy](/source/Toxicodendron_rydbergii) are all found in Utah.[122]

There are many varieties of cacti in Utah's varied deserts, especially in the southern and western parts of the state. Some of these include [desert prickly pear](/source/Opuntia_engelmannii), [California barrel cactus](/source/Ferocactus_cylindraceus), [fishhook cactus](/source/Mammillaria_tetrancistra), [cholla](/source/Cylindropuntia), [beavertail prickly pear](/source/Opuntia_basilaris), and [Uinta Basin hookless cactus](/source/Sclerocactus_wetlandicus). Despite the desert climate, many different grasses are found in Utah, including [Mormon needlegrass](/source/Eriocoma_arida), [bluebunch wheatgrass](/source/Pseudoroegneria_spicata), [western alkali grass](/source/Puccinellia_simplex), [squirreltail](/source/Elymus_elymoides), [desert saltgrass](/source/Distichlis_spicata), and [cheatgrass](/source/Bromus_tectorum).

Several invasive species of plants are considered [noxious weeds](/source/Noxious_weed) by the state, including [Bermuda grass](/source/Cynodon_dactylon), [field bindweed](/source/Convolvulus), [henbane](/source/Hyoscyamus_niger), [jointed goatgrass](/source/Aegilops_cylindrica), [Canada thistle](/source/Cirsium_arvense), [Balkan](/source/Linaria_dalmatica) and [common toadflax](/source/Linaria_vulgaris), [giant cane](/source/Arundo_donax), [couch grass](/source/Elymus_repens), [St. John's wort](/source/Hypericum_perforatum), [hemlock](/source/Conium_maculatum), [sword grass](/source/Imperata_cylindrica), [Russian olive](/source/Elaeagnus_angustifolia), [myrtle spurge](/source/Euphorbia_myrsinites), [Japanese knotweed](/source/Reynoutria_japonica), [salt cedar](/source/Tamarix_ramosissima), and [goat's head](/source/Tribulus_terrestris).[123]

## Demographics

Main article: [Demographics of Utah](/source/Demographics_of_Utah)

"Welcome to Utah" sign

At the [2020 U.S. census](/source/2020_United_States_census), Utah had a population of 3,271,616. The [U.S. Census Bureau](/source/U.S._Census_Bureau) estimated that the population of Utah was 3,205,958 on July 1, 2019, a 16.00% increase since the [2010 U.S. census](/source/2010_U.S._census).[124] The [center of population](/source/Center_of_population) of Utah is located in [Utah County](/source/Utah_County%2C_Utah) in the city of [Lehi](/source/Lehi%2C_Utah).[125] Much of the population lives in cities and towns along the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front), a metropolitan region that runs north–south with the [Wasatch Mountains](/source/Wasatch_Mountains) rising on the eastern side. Growth outside the Wasatch Front is also increasing. As of 2005, the St. George metropolitan area was the second fastest-growing in the country after the [Las Vegas metropolitan area](/source/Las_Vegas%E2%80%93Paradise%2C_NV_MSA), while the Heber City, Utah, micropolitan area was also the second fastest-growing in the country (behind [Palm Coast, Florida](/source/Palm_Coast%2C_Florida)).[126]

Utah contains five [metropolitan areas](/source/Metropolitan_area) ([Logan](/source/Logan_metropolitan_area), [Ogden-Clearfield](/source/Ogden%E2%80%93Clearfield_metropolitan_area), [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City_metropolitan_area), [Provo-Orem](/source/Provo%E2%80%93Orem_metropolitan_area), and [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah_metropolitan_area)), and six [micropolitan areas](/source/United_States_micropolitan_area) ([Brigham City](/source/Brigham_City%2C_Utah), [Heber](/source/Heber%2C_Utah), [Vernal](/source/Vernal%2C_Utah), [Price](/source/Price%2C_Utah), [Richfield](/source/Richfield%2C_Utah), and [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah)).

According to [HUD](/source/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development)'s 2022 [Annual Homeless Assessment Report](/source/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress), there were an estimated 3,557 [homeless](/source/Homelessness) people in Utah.[127][128]

The majority of Utah's immigrants come from [Mexico](/source/Mexico).[129][130]

### Health and fertility

Main article: [Healthcare in Utah](/source/Healthcare_in_Utah)

Utah ranks among the highest in total fertility rate, 47th in [teenage pregnancy](/source/Teenage_pregnancy), lowest in percentage of [births out of wedlock](/source/Illegitimacy), lowest in number of abortions per capita, and lowest in percentage of teen pregnancies terminated in abortion. However, statistics relating to pregnancies and abortions may also be artificially low from teenagers going out of state for abortions because of [parental notification](/source/Parental_notification) requirements.[131][132] Utah has the lowest [child poverty](/source/Child_poverty) rate in the country, despite its young demographics.[133] According to the Gallup-Healthways Global Well-Being Index as of 2012[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah&action=edit), Utahns ranked fourth in overall well-being in the United States.[134] A 2002 national prescription drug study determined that antidepressant drugs were "prescribed in Utah more often than in any other state, at a rate nearly twice the national average".[135] The data shows that depression rates in Utah are no higher than the national average.[136] In 2022, Utah had the lowest percent of births to unmarried women of any US state, at 20.3 percent.[137]

### Ancestry and race

Historical population Census Pop. Note %± 1850 11,380 — 1860 40,273 253.9% 1870 86,336 114.4% 1880 143,963 66.7% 1890 210,779 46.4% 1900 276,749 31.3% 1910 373,351 34.9% 1920 449,396 20.4% 1930 507,847 13.0% 1940 550,310 8.4% 1950 688,862 25.2% 1960 890,627 29.3% 1970 1,059,273 18.9% 1980 1,461,037 37.9% 1990 1,722,850 17.9% 2000 2,233,169 29.6% 2010 2,763,885 23.8% 2020 3,271,616 18.4% 2025 (est.) 3,538,904 [138] 8.2% Source: 1910–2020[139]

Ethnic composition as of the 2020 census Race and Ethnicity[140] Alone Total White (non-Hispanic) 75.3% 78.9% Hispanic or Latino[e] — 15.1% Asian 2.4% 3.6% African American (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.8% Pacific Islander 1.1% 1.7% Native American 0.9% 1.8% Other 0.4% 1.1%

Map of counties in Utah by racial plurality, per the 2020 US Census

Legend

- Non-Hispanic White 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90%+ Native American 50–60%

Historical racial demographics Racial composition 1970[141] 1990[141] 2000[142] 2010[143] 2020 White (non-Hispanic) 97.4% 93.8% 89.2% 86.1% 75.3% Hispanic (of any race) 4.1% 4.9% 9.0% 13.0% 15.1% Asian 0.6% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0% 2.4% Native (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 0.9% Black (non-Hispanic) 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0% 1.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander – – 0.7% 0.9% 1.1% Other race 0.2% 2.2% 4.2% 6.0% 0.4% Two or more races – – 2.1% 2.7% 3.7%

Utah – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[144] Pop 2010[145] Pop 2020[146] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020 White alone (NH) 1,904,265 2,221,719 2,465,355 85.27% 80.38% 75.36% Black or African American alone (NH) 16,137 25,951 37,192 0.72% 0.94% 1.14% Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 26,663 27,081 28,690 1.19% 0.98% 0.88% Asian alone (NH) 36,483 54,176 78,618 1.63% 1.96% 2.40% Pacific Islander alone (NH) 14,806 23,909 35,831 0.66% 0.87% 1.10% Other race alone (NH) 1,948 3,724 12,566 0.09% 0.13% 0.38% Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 31,308 48,985 120,452 1.40% 1.77% 3.68% Hispanic or Latino (any race) 201,559 358,340 492,912 9.03% 12.97% 15.07% Total 2,233,169 2,763,885 3,271,616 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Largest alone or in any combination ethnic origin by county in Utah, per the 2020 census

The largest ancestry groups in the state are:

- 26.0% [English](/source/English_Americans)

- 11.9% [German](/source/German_Americans)

- 11.8% [Scandinavian](/source/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans) (5.4% [Danish](/source/Danish_Americans), 4.0% [Swedish](/source/Swedish_Americans), 2.4% [Norwegian](/source/Norwegian_Americans))

- 9.0% [Mexican](/source/Mexican_Americans)

- 6.6% [American](/source/American_ancestry)

- 6.2% [Irish](/source/Irish_Americans)

- 4.6% [Scottish](/source/Scottish_Americans)

- 2.7% [Italian](/source/Utah_Italians)

- 2.4% [Dutch](/source/Dutch_Americans)

- 2.2% [French](/source/French_Americans)

- 2.2% [Welsh](/source/Welsh_Americans)

- 1.4% [Scotch Irish](/source/Scotch-Irish_Americans)

- 1.3% [Swiss](/source/Swiss_Americans)

In 2011, 28.6% of Utah's population younger than the age of one were ethnic minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was of a race other than non-Hispanic white.[147]

### Religion

Further information: [Demographics of Utah § Religion](/source/Demographics_of_Utah#Religion)

See also: [The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah](/source/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Utah)

Religion in Utah as of 2014[update][12] Religion Percent Mormonism/Latter-day Saints 55% Unaffiliated 22% Protestant 13% Catholic 5% Other faiths 2% Buddhist 1% Muslim 1%

The LDS [Salt Lake Temple](/source/Salt_Lake_Temple), the primary attraction in the city's [Temple Square](/source/Temple_Square)

[First Presbyterian Church](/source/First_Presbyterian_Church_of_Salt_Lake_City) in Salt Lake City

[Sri Sri Radha Krishna (Hindu) Temple](/source/Sri_Sri_Radha_Krishna_Temple)

Mormons are the largest religious group in Utah; however, the percentage of Mormons in the overall population has been decreasing. In 2017, 62.8% of Utahns were members of the LDS Church.[148][149] This declined to 61.2% in 2018[150] and to 60.7% in 2019.[151] Members of the LDS Church are 34%–41% of the people of Salt Lake City. Many of the other major population centers, such as Provo, Logan, Tooele, and St. George, are each mostly LDS, as are many suburban and rural areas. The LDS Church has the largest number of congregations, numbering 4,815 [wards](/source/Ward_(LDS_Church)).[152] According to results from the 2010 U.S. census, combined with official LDS Church membership statistics, church members represented 62.1% of Utah's total population. The Utah county with the lowest percentage of church members was [Grand County](/source/Grand_County%2C_Utah), at 26.5%, while the county with the highest percentage was [Morgan County](/source/Morgan_County%2C_Utah), at 86.1%. In addition, the result for the most populated county, [Salt Lake County](/source/Salt_Lake_County%2C_Utah), was 51.4%.[14]

Though [the LDS Church officially maintains a policy of neutrality in regard to political parties](/source/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States),[153] the church's doctrine has a strong regional influence on politics.[154] Another doctrine effect can be seen in Utah's high [birth rate](/source/Birth_rate) (25 percent higher than the national average; the highest for a state in the U.S.).[155] Mormons in Utah tend to have [conservative](/source/Conservatism_in_the_United_States) views when it comes to most political issues and the majority of voter-age Utahns are unaffiliated voters (60%) who vote overwhelmingly [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)).[156] [Mitt Romney](/source/Mitt_Romney) received 72.8% of the Utahn votes in 2012, while [John McCain](/source/John_McCain) polled 62.5% in the [2008 United States presidential election](/source/2008_United_States_presidential_election) and 70.9% for [George W. Bush](/source/George_W._Bush) in 2004. In 2010 the [Association of Religion Data Archives](/source/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives) (ARDA) reported that the three largest denominational groups in Utah are the LDS Church with 1,910,504 adherents; the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) with 160,125 adherents, and the [Southern Baptist Convention](/source/Southern_Baptist_Convention) with 12,593 adherents.[157]

According to a [Gallup poll](/source/The_Gallup_Organization#Gallup_Poll), Utah had the third-highest number of people reporting as "Very Religious" in 2015, at 55% (trailing only [Mississippi](/source/Mississippi) and [Alabama](/source/Alabama)). However, it was near the national average of people reporting as "Nonreligious" (31%), and featured the smallest percentage of people reporting as "Moderately Religious" (15%) of any state, being eight points lower than second-lowest state [Vermont](/source/Vermont).[158] In addition, it had the highest average weekly church attendance of any state, at 51%.[159]

A 2023 paper challenged this perception, claiming only 42% of Utahns are Mormons; however, most statistics still show a majority of Utah residents belong to the LDS church. Estimates from the LDS church suggests 60.68% of Utah's population belongs to the church whilst some sources put the number as high as 68%.[160] The paper replied that membership count done by the LDS Church is too high for several reasons.[160]

### Languages

See also: [Native American languages of Utah](/source/Native_American_languages_of_Utah) and [Utah dual language immersion](/source/Utah_dual_language_immersion)

The [official language](/source/Official_language) in the state of Utah is [English](/source/English_language).[161] [Utah English](/source/Utah_English) is primarily a merger of Northern and Midland American dialects carried west by LDS Church members, whose original [New York](/source/New_York_(state)) dialect later incorporated features from [northeast](/source/Northeast_Ohio) [Ohio](/source/Ohio) and [central](/source/Central_Illinois) [Illinois](/source/Illinois). Conspicuous in the speech of some in the central valley, although less frequent now in Salt Lake City, is a [cord-card merger](/source/Cord-card_merger), so that the vowels /ɑ/ an /ɔ/ are pronounced the same before an /ɹ/, such as in the words *cord* and *card*.[162]

In 2000, 87.5% of all state residents five years of age or older spoke only English at home, a decrease from 92.2% in 1990. In 2011, one-third of Utah's workforce was reported to be bilingual, developed through a program of acquisition of second languages beginning in elementary school, and related to Mormonism's missionary goals for its young people.[163]

Top 14 Non-English Languages Spoken in Utah Language Percentage of population (as of 2010[update])[164] Spanish 7.4% German 0.6% Navajo 0.5% French 0.4% Pacific Island languages including Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Samoan 0.4% Chinese 0.4% Portuguese 0.3% Vietnamese 0.3% Japanese 0.2% Arapaho 0.1%

### Age and gender

Utah has the highest total birth rate[155] and accordingly, the youngest population of any U.S. state. In 2010, the state's population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The life expectancy is 79.3 years.

## Economy

Main article: [Economy of Utah](/source/Economy_of_Utah)

See also: [Utah locations by per capita income](/source/Utah_locations_by_per_capita_income) and [List of Utah companies](/source/List_of_Utah_companies)

The [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front) region has seen large growth and development despite the economic downturn. Shown is the [City Creek Center](/source/City_Creek_Center) project, a development in downtown Salt Lake City with a price tag of $1.5–2.5 billion.

One out of every 14 flash memory chips in the world is produced in [Lehi, Utah](/source/Lehi%2C_Utah).[165]

[Zion National Park](/source/Zion_National_Park) in southern Utah is one of five national parks in the state.

Farms and ranches

According to the [Bureau of Economic Analysis](/source/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis), in 2025, Utah's [gross state product](/source/Gross_regional_domestic_product) was $315.9 billion and Utah's per capita personal income was $69,991.[166]

Major industries of Utah include mining, cattle ranching, salt production, and government services.

According to the 2007 State New Economy Index, Utah has ranked the top state in the nation for Economic Dynamism, determined by "the degree to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, information technology-driven and innovation-based". In 2014, Utah was ranked number one in [Forbes](/source/Forbes)' list of "Best States For Business".[167] A November 2010 article in *[Newsweek](/source/Newsweek)* magazine highlighted Utah and particularly the Salt Lake City area's economic outlook, calling it "the new economic Zion", and examined how the area has been able to bring in high-paying jobs and attract high-tech corporations to the area during a recession.[168] As of May 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah&action=edit), the state's unemployment rate was 3.2%.[169] In terms of "[small business](/source/Small_business) friendliness", in 2014 Utah emerged as number one, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners.[170] In 2025, 99.4% of businesses in the state were small businesses, and employed 45.4% of Utah's workforce.[171]

In eastern Utah petroleum production is a major industry.[172] Near Salt Lake City, petroleum refining is done by several oil companies. In central Utah, coal production accounts for much of the mining activity.

According to [Internal Revenue Service](/source/Internal_Revenue_Service) tax returns, Utahns rank first among all U.S. states in the proportion of [income given to charity](/source/Charity_(practice)) by the wealthy. This is due to the standard [ten percent of all earnings that Mormons give to the LDS Church](/source/Tithing_in_Mormonism).[133] According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, Utah had an average of 884,000 volunteers between 2008 and 2010, each of whom contributed 89.2 hours per volunteer. This figure equates to $3.8 billion of service contributed, ranking Utah number one for volunteerism in the nation.[173]

### Taxation

Utah collects personal [income tax](/source/Income_tax); for tax year 2024 the tax is a flat 4.55% for all taxpayers. This rate has been steadily decreasing by 0.05% points yearly since 2008, when it was at 5%.[174] The state [sales tax](/source/Sales_tax) has a base rate of 6.45 percent,[175] with cities and counties levying additional local sales taxes that vary among the municipalities. [Property taxes](/source/Property_tax) are assessed and collected locally. Utah does not charge [intangible property taxes](/source/Intangible_asset) and does not impose an [inheritance tax](/source/Inheritance_tax).

### Tourism

Tourism is a major industry in Utah. With five [national parks](/source/National_parks) (Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion), Utah has the third most national parks of any state after [Alaska](/source/Alaska) and California. In addition, Utah features nine [national monuments](/source/National_monument_(United_States)) ([Cedar Breaks](/source/Cedar_Breaks_National_Monument), [Dinosaur](/source/Dinosaur_National_Monument), [Grand Staircase–Escalante](/source/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument), [Hovenweep](/source/Hovenweep_National_Monument), [Natural Bridges](/source/Natural_Bridges_National_Monument), [Bears Ears](/source/Bears_Ears_National_Monument), [Rainbow Bridge](/source/Rainbow_Bridge_National_Monument), [Timpanogos Cave](/source/Timpanogos_Cave_National_Monument)), and [Jurassic](/source/Jurassic_National_Monument), two [national recreation areas](/source/National_recreation_area) ([Flaming Gorge](/source/Flaming_Gorge_National_Recreation_Area) and [Glen Canyon](/source/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area)), seven [national forests](/source/United_States_National_Forest) ([Ashley](/source/Ashley_National_Forest), [Caribou-Targhee](/source/Caribou-Targhee_National_Forest), [Dixie](/source/Dixie_National_Forest), [Fishlake](/source/Fishlake_National_Forest), [Manti-La Sal](/source/Manti-La_Sal_National_Forest), [Sawtooth](/source/Sawtooth_National_Forest), and [Uinta-Wasatch-Cache](/source/Uinta-Wasatch-Cache_National_Forest)), and numerous [state parks](/source/Utah_State_Parks) and monuments.

The [Moab](/source/Moab%2C_Utah) area, in the southeastern part of the state, is known for its challenging mountain biking trails, including [Slickrock](/source/Slickrock_Trail). Moab also hosts the famous [Moab Jeep Safari](/source/Moab_Jeep_Safari) semiannually.

Utah has seen an increase in tourism since the [2002 Winter Olympics](/source/2002_Winter_Olympics). [Park City](/source/Park_City%2C_Utah) is home to the [United States Ski Team](/source/United_States_Ski_Team). Utah's ski resorts are primarily located in northern Utah near Salt Lake City, Park City, Ogden, and [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah). Between 2007 and 2011 [Deer Valley](/source/Deer_Valley) Park City, has been ranked the top ski resort in North America in a survey organized by *Ski Magazine*.[176]

Utah has many significant ski resorts. The 2009 Ski Magazine reader survey concluded that six of the top ten resorts deemed most "accessible", and six of the top ten with the best snow conditions, were located in Utah.[177] In Southern Utah, [Brian Head Ski Resort](/source/Brian_Head_Ski_Resort) is located in the mountains near [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah). Former Olympic venues including [Utah Olympic Park](/source/Utah_Olympic_Park) and [Utah Olympic Oval](/source/Utah_Olympic_Oval) are still in operation for training and competition and allow the public to participate in numerous activities including [ski jumping](/source/Ski_jumping), [bobsleigh](/source/Bobsleigh), and [speed skating](/source/Speed_skating).

Utah features many cultural attractions such as [Temple Square](/source/Temple_Square), the [Sundance Film Festival](/source/Sundance_Film_Festival), the [Red Rock Film Festival](/source/Red_Rock_Film_Festival), the [DOCUTAH Film Festival](/source/DOCUTAH_Film_Festival), the [Utah Data Center](/source/Utah_Data_Center), and the [Utah Shakespeare Festival](/source/Utah_Shakespearean_Festival). Temple Square is ranked as the 16th most visited tourist attraction in the United States by *Forbes* magazine, with more than five million annual visitors.[178]

Other attractions include [Monument Valley](/source/Monument_Valley), the Great Salt Lake, the [Bonneville Salt Flats](/source/Bonneville_Salt_Flats), and [Lake Powell](/source/Lake_Powell).

 [Bryce Canyon National Park](/source/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park) Amphitheater (winter view)

#### Branding

The state of Utah relies heavily on income from tourists and travelers visiting the state's parks and ski resorts, and thus the need to "brand" Utah and create an impression of the state throughout the world has led to several state slogans, the most famous of which is "The Greatest Snow on Earth", which has been in use in Utah officially since 1975 (although the slogan was in unofficial use as early as 1962) and now adorns nearly 50 percent of the state's license plates. In 2001, Utah Governor [Mike Leavitt](/source/Mike_Leavitt) approved a new state slogan, "Utah! Where Ideas Connect", which lasted until March 10, 2006, when the Utah Travel Council and the office of [Governor Jon Huntsman](/source/Jon_Huntsman_Jr.) announced that "Life Elevated" would be the new state slogan.[179]

### Mining

Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The [Bingham Canyon Mine](/source/Bingham_Canyon_Mine) in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.

Beginning in the late 19th century with the state's mining boom (including the [Bingham Canyon Mine](/source/Bingham_Canyon_Mine), among the world's largest open pit mines), companies attracted large numbers of [immigrants](/source/Immigrants) with job opportunities. Since the days of the Utah Territory, mining has played a major role in Utah's economy. Historical mining towns include [Mercur](/source/Mercur%2C_Utah) in Tooele County, [Silver Reef](/source/Silver_Reef%2C_Utah) in Washington County, [Eureka](/source/Eureka%2C_Utah) in Juab County, [Park City](/source/Park_City%2C_Utah) in Summit County, and numerous coal mining camps throughout Carbon County such as [Castle Gate](/source/Castle_Gate%2C_Utah), [Spring Canyon](/source/Spring_Canyon%2C_Utah), and [Hiawatha](/source/Hiawatha%2C_Utah).[180]

These settlements were characteristic of the boom and bust cycle that dominated mining towns of the American West. Park City, Utah, and Alta, Utah were boom towns in the early twentieth century. Rich silver mines in the mountains adjacent to the towns led to many people flocking to the towns in search of wealth. During the early part of the [Cold War](/source/Cold_War) era, uranium was mined in eastern Utah. Today, mining activity still plays a major role in the state's economy. Minerals mined in Utah include copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and beryllium. Fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas continue to play a large role in Utah's economy, especially in the eastern part of the state in counties such as Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah.[180]

### Energy

See also: [List of power stations in Utah](/source/List_of_power_stations_in_Utah)

Utah extracts more coal and generates more electricity than it consumes.[181] The state has the potential to generate 31.6 TWh/year from 13.1 GW of wind power, and 10,290 TWh/year from [solar power](/source/Solar_power_in_Utah) using 4,048 GW of photovoltaic (PV), including 5.6 GW of rooftop photovoltaic, and 1,638 GW of [concentrated solar power](/source/Concentrated_solar_power).[182]

[Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah_Associated_Municipal_Power_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1) (UAMPS) is a subdivision of the [State of Utah](/source/Government_of_Utah), providing non-profit wholesale electricity, transmission, and other energy services to community-owned power systems in the [Intermountain West](/source/Intermountain_West) geographical area.[183]

## Transportation

### Road

[Utah State Route 12](/source/Utah_State_Route_12) through Red Canyon in [Dixie National Forest](/source/Dixie_National_Forest)

See also: [List of state highways in Utah](/source/List_of_state_highways_in_Utah)

[I-15](/source/Interstate_15_in_Utah) and [I-80](/source/Interstate_80_in_Utah) are the main [interstate](/source/Interstate_Highway_System) highways in the state, where they intersect and briefly merge near [downtown Salt Lake City](/source/Downtown_Salt_Lake_City). I-15 traverses the state north-to-south, entering from Arizona near St. George, paralleling the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front), and crossing into Idaho near [Portage](/source/Portage%2C_Utah). I-80 spans northern Utah east-to-west, entering from Nevada at [Wendover](/source/Wendover%2C_Utah), crossing the [Wasatch Mountains](/source/Wasatch_Mountains) east of Salt Lake City, and entering Wyoming near [Evanston](/source/Evanston%2C_Wyoming). [I-84](/source/Interstate_84_in_Utah) West enters from Idaho near [Snowville](/source/Snowville%2C_Utah) (from [Boise](/source/Boise%2C_Idaho)) and merges with I-15 from [Tremonton](/source/Tremonton%2C_Utah) to Ogden, then heads southeast through the Wasatch Mountains before terminating at I-80 near [Echo Junction](/source/Echo%2C_Utah).

[I-70](/source/Interstate_70_in_Utah) splits from I-15 at [Cove Fort](/source/Cove_Fort%2C_Utah) in central Utah and heads east through mountains and rugged desert terrain, providing quick access to the many national parks and national monuments of southern Utah, and has been noted for its beauty. The 103 mi (166 km) stretch from [Salina](/source/Salina%2C_Utah) to [Green River](/source/Green_River%2C_Utah) is the country's longest stretch of interstate without services and, when completed in 1970, was the longest stretch of entirely new highway constructed in the U.S. since the [Alaska Highway](/source/Alaska_Highway) was completed in 1943.

### Rail and transit

[FrontRunner](/source/FrontRunner) commuter rail runs between [Ogden](/source/Ogden%2C_Utah) and [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah) via [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

[TRAX](/source/TRAX_(light_rail)) light rail serves [Salt Lake County](/source/Salt_Lake_County%2C_Utah)

See also: [List of Utah railroads](/source/List_of_Utah_railroads)

Utah's [Class I](/source/Class_I_railroad) freight railroads are the [BNSF Railway](/source/BNSF_Railway) and the [Union Pacific Railway](/source/Union_Pacific_Railway). Interstate passenger rail is provided by [Amtrak](/source/Amtrak)'s daily *[California Zephyr](/source/California_Zephyr)* train, which runs between [Chicago Union Station](/source/Chicago_Union_Station) and [Emeryville, California](/source/Emeryville_station), with stops in Utah at [Green River](/source/Green_River_station_(Utah)), [Helper](/source/Helper_station), [Provo](/source/Provo_station_(Amtrak)), and the [Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub](/source/Salt_Lake_City_Intermodal_Hub). The state was previously served by Amtrak's [*Pioneer*](/source/Pioneer_(train)) and *[Desert Wind](/source/Desert_Wind)* trains. [Heritage railroads](/source/Heritage_railway) include the [Heber Valley Railroad](/source/Heber_Valley_Railroad) and the [Wild Kingdom Train](/source/Wild_Kingdom_Train_Zoo).

The [Utah Transit Authority](/source/Utah_Transit_Authority) (UTA) operates public transport services throughout the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front) region. [TRAX](/source/TRAX_(light_rail)), the UTA's [light rail](/source/Light_rail) system, consists of three lines. The [Blue Line](/source/Blue_Line_(TRAX)) (formerly Salt Lake/Sandy Line) begins in the suburb of [Draper](/source/Draper%2C_Utah) and ends in [Downtown Salt Lake City](/source/Downtown_Salt_Lake_City). The [Red Line](/source/Red_Line_(TRAX)) (Mid-Jordan/University Line) begins in the [Daybreak Community](/source/Daybreak_Community) of [South Jordan](/source/South_Jordan%2C_Utah), a southwestern valley suburb, and ends at the [University of Utah](/source/University_of_Utah). The [Green Line](/source/Green_Line_(TRAX)) begins in [West Valley City](/source/West_Valley%2C_Utah), passes through downtown Salt Lake City, and ends at [Salt Lake City International Airport](/source/Salt_Lake_City_International_Airport). The UTA also operates [FrontRunner](/source/FrontRunner), a [commuter rail](/source/Commuter_rail_in_North_America) line running between Ogden and Provo via Salt Lake City.

The UTA's bus system stretches from the [Salt Lake Valley](/source/Salt_Lake_Valley) west to [Grantsville](/source/Grantsville%2C_Utah) and east to [Park City](/source/Park_City%2C_Utah). Beyond UTA, the cities of [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah), [Logan](/source/Logan%2C_Utah), Park City, and [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah) are served by local bus operators. In the winter, the UTA and several private bus companies operate shuttle routes to Utah's ski resorts.

### Air

[Salt Lake International Airport](/source/Salt_Lake_International_Airport) is the largest airport in Utah

See also: [List of airports in Utah](/source/List_of_airports_in_Utah)

[Salt Lake City International Airport](/source/Salt_Lake_City_International_Airport) is the only international airport in the state and serves as a hub for [Delta Air Lines](/source/Delta_Air_Lines). The airport has consistently ranked first in on-time departures and had the fewest cancellations among U.S. airports.[184] The airport has non-stop service to more than a hundred destinations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as well as to [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), [London](/source/London) and [Paris](/source/Paris). [Canyonlands Field](/source/Canyonlands_Field) (near [Moab](/source/Moab%2C_Utah)), [Cedar City Regional Airport](/source/Cedar_City_Regional_Airport), [Ogden-Hinckley Airport](/source/Ogden-Hinckley_Airport), [Provo Municipal Airport](/source/Provo_Municipal_Airport), [St. George Regional Airport](/source/St._George_Regional_Airport), and [Vernal Regional Airport](/source/Vernal_Regional_Airport) all provide limited commercial air service. A new regional airport at St. George opened on January 12, 2011. [SkyWest Airlines](/source/SkyWest_Airlines) is also headquartered in St. George and maintains a hub in Salt Lake City.

## Law and government

Main article: [Government of Utah](/source/Government_of_Utah)

Further information: [List of governors of Utah](/source/List_of_governors_of_Utah), [List of Utah State Legislatures](/source/List_of_Utah_State_Legislatures), [Utah State Senate](/source/Utah_State_Senate), and [Utah State House of Representatives](/source/Utah_State_House_of_Representatives)

[Jake Garn](/source/Jake_Garn) (top-right), former Senator of Utah (1974–1993), and astronaut on [Space Shuttle](/source/Space_Shuttle) flight [STS-51-D](/source/STS-51-D)

Utah government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The [governor](/source/Governor_of_Utah) is the chief executive of the state and elected for a four-year term; a [lieutenant governor](/source/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Utah) is concurrently elected on a [joint ticket](/source/Joint_ticket) with the governor.[185][186] The current governor of Utah is [Spencer Cox](/source/Spencer_Cox_(politician)),[187] who was sworn in on January 4, 2021. In addition to the governor and lieutenant governor, Utah has three other independently elected executive officers: a [state auditor](/source/Utah_State_Auditor), a [state treasurer](/source/Utah_State_Treasurer), and an [attorney general](/source/Attorney_General_of_Utah).[188][189][190]

As of 2024, [J. Bracken Lee](/source/J._Bracken_Lee) (1949–1957) was the most recent of three Governors of Utah who was not a member of [the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints](/source/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) (LDS Church), the other two being [Simon Bamberger](/source/Simon_Bamberger) (1917–1921) and [George Dern](/source/George_Dern) (1925–1933).

The [Utah State Legislature](/source/Utah_State_Legislature) consists of a [Senate](/source/Utah_State_Senate) and a [House of Representatives](/source/Utah_State_House_of_Representatives). State senators serve four-year terms and representatives two-year terms. The Utah Legislature meets each year in January for an annual 45-day session.

The [Utah Supreme Court](/source/Utah_Supreme_Court) is the court of last resort in Utah. It consists of five justices, who are appointed by the governor, and then subject to retention election. The [Utah Court of Appeals](/source/Utah_Court_of_Appeals) handles cases from the trial courts.[191] Trial level courts are the district courts and justice courts. All justices and judges, like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to [retention election](/source/Retention_election) after appointment.

In a 2020 study, Utah was ranked as the 3rd easiest state for citizens to vote in.[192]

### Counties

Main article: [List of counties in Utah](/source/List_of_counties_in_Utah)

Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as *[counties](/source/County_(United_States))*. Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from 298 to 7,819 square miles (772 to 20,300 km2).

County name County seat Year founded 2020 U.S. census Largest city in county Percent of total Area % of state Beaver Beaver 1856 7,072 Beaver 0.22% 2,589 sq mi (6,710 km2) 3.2% Box Elder Brigham City 1856 57,666 Brigham City 1.76% 5,745 sq mi (14,880 km2) 7.0% Cache Logan 1856 133,154 Logan 4.07% 1,164 sq mi (3,010 km2) 1.4% Carbon Price 1894 20,412 Price 0.62% 1,478 sq mi (3,830 km2) 1.8% Daggett Manila 1918 935 Manila 0.03% 696 sq mi (1,800 km2) 0.8% Davis Farmington 1852 362,679 Layton 11.09% 298 sq mi (770 km2) 0.4% Duchesne Duchesne 1915 19,596 Roosevelt 0.60% 3,240 sq mi (8,400 km2) 3.9% Emery Castle Dale 1880 9,825 Huntington 0.30% 4,462 sq mi (11,560 km2) 5.4% Garfield Panguitch 1882 5,051 Panguitch 0.15% 5,175 sq mi (13,400 km2) 6.3% Grand Moab 1890 9,669 Moab 0.30% 3,671 sq mi (9,510 km2) 4.5% Iron Parowan 1852 57,289 Cedar City 1.75% 3,296 sq mi (8,540 km2) 4.0% Juab Nephi 1852 11,786 Nephi 0.36% 3,392 sq mi (8,790 km2) 4.1% Kane Kanab 1864 7,667 Kanab 0.23% 3,990 sq mi (10,300 km2) 4.9% Millard Fillmore 1852 12,975 Delta 0.40% 6,572 sq mi (17,020 km2) 8.0% Morgan Morgan 1862 12,295 Morgan 0.38% 609 sq mi (1,580 km2) 0.7% Piute Junction 1865 1,438 Circleville 0.04% 757 sq mi (1,960 km2) 0.9% Rich Randolph 1868 2,510 Garden City 0.08% 1,028 sq mi (2,660 km2) 1.3% Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1852 1,185,238 Salt Lake City 36.23% 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) 0.9% San Juan Monticello 1880 14,518 Blanting 0.44% 7,819 sq mi (20,250 km2) 9.5% Sanpete Manti 1852 28,437 Ephraim 0.87% 1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2) 1.9% Sevier Richfield 1865 21,522 Richfield 0.66% 1,910 sq mi (4,900 km2) 2.3% Summit Coalville 1854 42,357 Park City 1.29% 1,871 sq mi (4,850 km2) 2.3% Tooele Tooele 1852 72,698 Tooele 2.22% 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) 8.4% Uintah Vernal 1880 35,620 Vernal 1.09% 4,479 sq mi (11,600 km2) 5.5% Utah Provo 1852 659,399 Provo 20.16% 2,003 sq mi (5,190 km2) 2.4% Wasatch Heber 1862 34,788 Heber 1.06% 1,175 sq mi (3,040 km2) 1.4% Washington St. George 1852 180,279 St. George 5.51% 2,426 sq mi (6,280 km2) 3.0% Wayne Loa 1892 2,486 Loa 0.08% 2,460 sq mi (6,400 km2) 3.0% Weber Ogden 1852 262,223 Ogden 8.02% 576 sq mi (1,490 km2) 0.7%

- Total Counties: 29

- Total 2020 population: 3,271,616[193]

- Total state area: 82,154 sq mi (212,780 km2)

### Women's rights

Further information: [Women's suffrage in Utah](/source/Women's_suffrage_in_Utah)

Utah granted full [voting rights](/source/Suffrage) to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted [suffrage to women](/source/Women's_suffrage) earlier.[194] However, in 1887 the initial [Edmunds-Tucker Act](/source/Edmunds-Tucker_Act) was passed by Congress to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of the provisions of the Act was the repeal of women's suffrage; full suffrage was not returned until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896.

Utah is one of the 15 states that have not ratified the U.S. [Equal Rights Amendment](/source/Equal_Rights_Amendment).[195] [Abortion in Utah](/source/Abortion_in_Utah) is legal prior to the 18th week of pregnancy.[196]

### Free-range parenting

In March 2018, Utah passed the United States' first "[free-range parenting](/source/Free-range_parenting)" bill. The bill was signed into law by [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)) [Governor](/source/Governor) [Gary Herbert](/source/Gary_Herbert) and states that parents who allow their children to engage in certain activities without supervision are not considered neglectful.[197][198]

### Constitution

Main article: [Constitution of Utah](/source/Constitution_of_Utah)

The constitution of Utah was enacted on May 8, 1895.[199] Notably, the constitution outlawed [polygamy](/source/Polygamy), as requested by Congress when Utah had applied for statehood, and reestablished the territorial practice of women's [suffrage](/source/Suffrage). Utah's Constitution has been [amended](/source/Constitutional_amendment) many times since its inception.[200]

### Capital punishment

Main article: [Capital punishment in Utah](/source/Capital_punishment_in_Utah)

Under Utah law, aggravated murder is the only crime subject to the penalty of death.[201] Utah was the first state to resume executions after the 1972–1976 national moratorium on capital punishment ended with *[Gregg v. Georgia](/source/Gregg_v._Georgia)*, when [Gary Gilmore](/source/Gary_Gilmore) was executed by [firing squad](/source/Firing_squad) in 1977.[202] Utah is one of only two states to have ever carried out executions by firing squad, and the only one to do so after the moratorium ended.[203]

### Alcohol, tobacco, and gambling laws

See also: [List of alcohol laws of the United States](/source/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States)

Utah's laws regarding [alcohol](/source/Alcohol_(drug)), tobacco and gambling are strict. Utah is an [alcoholic beverage control state](/source/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state). The [Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control](/source/Utah_Department_of_Alcoholic_Beverage_Control) regulates the sale of alcohol; wine and spirituous liquors may be purchased only at state liquor stores, and local laws may prohibit the sale of beer and other alcoholic beverages on Sundays. The state bans the sale of fruity alcoholic drinks at grocery stores and convenience stores. The law states that such drinks must now have new state-approved labels on the front of the products that contain capitalized letters in bold type telling consumers the drinks contain alcohol and at what percentage. Utah is the only state that imposes a maximum [blood alcohol content](/source/Blood_alcohol_content) (BAC) of 0.05% for drivers, as opposed to the 0.08% limit in other states.[204] The Utah Indoor Clean Air Act is a statewide [smoking ban](/source/Smoking_ban) that prohibits it in many public places.[205] Utah and Hawaii are the only two states in the United States to outlaw all forms of gambling.

### Same-sex marriage

Main article: [Same-sex marriage in Utah](/source/Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah)

Same-sex marriage became legal in Utah on December 20, 2013, when [U.S. District Court](/source/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Utah) Judge [Robert J. Shelby](/source/Robert_J._Shelby) issued a ruling in *[Kitchen v. Herbert](/source/Kitchen_v._Herbert)*.[206][207] As of close of business December 26, more than 1,225 marriage licenses were issued, with at least 74 percent, or 905 licenses, issued to gay and lesbian couples.[208] The Utah Attorney General's office was granted a stay of the ruling by the [U.S. Supreme Court](/source/United_States_Supreme_Court) on January 6, 2014, while the [Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals](/source/Tenth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals) considered the case.[209] On October 6, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court declined a [writ of *certiorari*](/source/Certiorari), and the 10th Circuit Court issued their mandate later that day, lifting their stay. Same-sex marriages commenced again in Utah that day.[210]

### LGBT rights

This section is an excerpt from [LGBTQ rights in Utah](/source/LGBTQ_rights_in_Utah).[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Utah&action=edit)]

The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the [U.S. state](/source/U.S._state) of Utah have significantly evolved in the [21st century](/source/Timeline_of_LGBT_history%2C_21st_century). Protective laws have become increasingly enacted since 2014, despite the state's reputation as socially conservative and highly religious. Utah's anti-sodomy law was invalidated in 2003 by *[Lawrence v. Texas](/source/Lawrence_v._Texas)*, and fully repealed by the state legislature in 2019. [Same-sex marriage](/source/Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah) has been legal since the state's ban was ruled unconstitutional by [federal courts](/source/United_States_federal_court) in 2014. In addition, statewide anti-discrimination laws now cover [sexual orientation](/source/Sexual_orientation) and [gender identity](/source/Gender_identity) in employment and housing, and the use of [conversion therapy](/source/Conversion_therapy) on minors is prohibited. In spite of this, there are still a few differences between the treatment of LGBTQ people and the rest of the population, and the rights of transgender youth are restricted.[211][212]

Opinion polling has shown an increase in support for LGBT rights in the state. A 2017 [Public Religion Research Institute](/source/Public_Religion_Research_Institute) poll showed that 44% of Utah residents supported same-sex marriage, a significant increase from the early 2000s. A 2019 survey by the same pollster showed that 74% of Utahns supported anti-discrimination legislation protecting LGBTQ people.[213] [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City), the largest city in the state, has one of the largest LGBTQ populations per capita in the country.[214]

### Politics

Further information: [Political party strength in Utah](/source/Political_party_strength_in_Utah) and [United States presidential elections in Utah](/source/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah)

Party registration in Utah as of October 21, 2024[215] Party Total voters Percentage Republican 1,016,409 50.17% Unaffiliated 587,128 28.98% Democratic 286,990 14.17% Other 135,227 6.68% Total 2,025,754 100.00%

The [Utah State Capitol](/source/Utah_State_Capitol), Salt Lake City

The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.

In the late 19th century, the federal government took issue with polygamy in the LDS Church. The LDS Church discontinued plural marriage in 1890, and in 1896 Utah gained admission to the Union. Many new people settled in the area soon after the Mormon pioneers. Relations have often been strained between the LDS population and the non-LDS population.[216] These tensions have played a large part in Utah's history ([Liberal Party](/source/Liberal_Party_(Utah)) vs. [People's Party](/source/People's_Party_(Utah))).

Utah votes predominantly Republican. Self-identified Latter-day Saints are more likely to vote for the Republican ticket than non-Mormons. Utah is one of the most Republican states in the nation.[217][218] Utah was the single most [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(U.S.))-leaning state in the country in every presidential election from [1976](/source/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah) to [2004](/source/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah), measured by the percentage point margin between the Republican and [Democratic](/source/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)) candidates. In [2008](/source/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah) Utah was only the third-most Republican state (after [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming) and [Oklahoma](/source/Oklahoma)), but in [2012](/source/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah), with Mormon [Mitt Romney](/source/Mitt_Romney) atop the Republican ticket, Utah returned to its position as the most Republican state. However, the [2016 presidential election](/source/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah) result saw Republican [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump) carry the state (marking the thirteenth consecutive win by the Republican presidential candidate) with only a plurality, the first time this happened since [1992](/source/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah).

Both of Utah's [U.S. Senators](/source/United_States_Senate), [John Curtis](/source/John_Curtis) and [Mike Lee](/source/Mike_Lee), are Republican, as are all four of its [U.S. Representatives](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives). [Ben McAdams](/source/Ben_McAdams) is the most recent Democrat to represent Utah in Congress, representing the [4th congressional district](/source/Utah's_4th_congressional_district), based in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City), from 2019 to 2021. He lost re-election to [Burgess Owens](/source/Burgess_Owens), a Republican, in 2020. After Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned to serve as U.S. Ambassador to China in 2009, [Gary Herbert](/source/Gary_Herbert) was sworn in as governor on August 11, 2009. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64% of the vote. He won election to a full four-year term in 2012, defeating the Democrat Peter Cooke with 68% of the vote.

The LDS Church maintains an official policy of neutrality about political parties and candidates.[153] In the 1970s, then-[Apostle](/source/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)) [Ezra Taft Benson](/source/Ezra_Taft_Benson) was quoted by the [Associated Press](/source/Associated_Press) that it would be difficult for a faithful Latter-day Saint to be a liberal Democrat.[219] Although the LDS Church has officially repudiated such statements on many occasions, Democratic candidates—including LDS Democrats—believe Republicans capitalize on the perception that the Republican Party is doctrinally superior.[220] Political scientist and pollster Dan Jones explains this disparity by noting that the national Democratic Party is associated with liberal positions on gay marriage and abortion, both of which the LDS Church is against.[221] The Republican Party in heavily Mormon Utah County presents itself as the superior choice for Latter-day Saints. Even though Utah Democratic candidates are predominantly LDS, socially conservative, and pro-life, no Democrat has won in Utah County since 1994.[222]

[David Magleby](/source/David_Magleby), dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at [Brigham Young University](/source/Brigham_Young_University), a lifelong Democrat and a political analyst, asserts that the Republican Party has more conservative positions than the LDS Church. Magleby argues that the locally conservative Democrats are in better accord with LDS doctrine.[223] For example, the Republican Party of Utah opposes almost all abortions while Utah Democrats take a more liberal approach, although more conservative than their national counterparts. On [Second Amendment](/source/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution) issues, the state GOP has been at odds with the LDS Church's position opposing concealed firearms in places of worship and public spaces. In 1998, the church expressed concern that Utahns perceived the Republican Party as an LDS institution and authorized lifelong Democrat and [Seventy](/source/Quorums_of_the_Seventy) [Marlin Jensen](/source/Marlin_K._Jensen) to promote LDS bipartisanship.[219]

Apart from liberal strongholds like Salt Lake City and Park City, Utah is much more conservative than the United States as a whole, primarily on [social issues](/source/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States). Compared to other Republican-dominated states in the Mountain West such as [Idaho](/source/Idaho) and [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming), Utah politics have a more moralistic and less [libertarian](/source/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States) character, according to David Magleby.[224] Since becoming a state in 1896, Utah has had only two non-Mormon governors.[225]

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint custody for a non-biological parent of a child. The custody measure passed the legislature and was vetoed by the governor, a reciprocal benefits supporter. Carbon County's Democrats are generally made up of members of the large [Greek](/source/Greeks), [Italian](/source/Italians), and [Southeastern European](/source/Balkans) communities, whose ancestors migrated in the early 20th century to work in the extensive mining industry. The views common amongst this group are heavily influenced by [labor politics](/source/Labor_union), particularly of the [New Deal](/source/New_Deal) Era.[226] The state's most Republican areas tend to be Utah County, which is the home to [Brigham Young University](/source/Brigham_Young_University) (BYU) in the city of Provo, and nearly all the rural counties.[227][228] These areas generally hold socially conservative views in line with that of the national [Religious Right](/source/Christian_right). The most Democratic areas of the state lie currently in and around Salt Lake City proper.

The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since [1964](/source/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah). Historically, Republican presidential nominees score one of their best margins of victory here. Utah was the Republicans' best state in the [1976](/source/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[229] [1980](/source/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[230] [1984](/source/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[231] [1988](/source/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[232] [1996](/source/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[233] [2000](/source/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[234] [2004](/source/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah),[235] and [2012](/source/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah) elections. In [1992](/source/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah), Utah was the only state in the nation where Democratic candidate Bill Clinton finished behind both Republican candidate George HW Bush and Independent candidate [Ross Perot](/source/Ross_Perot).[236] In 2004, Republican George W. Bush won every county in the state and Utah gave him his largest margin of victory of any state. He won the state's five electoral votes by a margin of 46 percentage points with 71.5% of the vote. In the 1996 Presidential elections the Republican candidate received a smaller 54% of the vote while the Democrat earned 34%.[237] In 2020, the [Associated Press](/source/Associated_Press) wrote a piece profiling Utah's political culture during [that year's presidential election](/source/2020_United_States_presidential_election). The article noted a more bipartisan and cooperative environment, along with conservative support of liberal causes such as LGBT rights and marijuana use, despite the Republican dominance in the state and the political polarization seen in other parts of the U.S. at the time.[238]

## Major cities and towns

Main article: [List of municipalities in Utah](/source/List_of_municipalities_in_Utah)

See also: [Utah locations by per capita income](/source/Utah_locations_by_per_capita_income)

Utah population density map

Utah's population is concentrated in two areas, the [Wasatch Front](/source/Wasatch_Front) in the north-central part of the state, with over 2.6 million residents; and [Washington County](/source/Washington_County%2C_Utah), in southwestern Utah, locally known as "[Dixie](/source/Utah's_Dixie)", with more than 175,000 residents in the metropolitan area.

According to the 2010 census, Utah was the second fastest-growing state (at 23.8 percent) in the United States between 2000 and 2010 (behind Nevada). [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah), in the southwest, is the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States, trailing [Greeley, Colorado](/source/Greeley%2C_Colorado).

The three fastest-growing counties from 2000 to 2010 were [Wasatch County](/source/Wasatch_County%2C_Utah) (54.7%), [Washington County](/source/Washington_County%2C_Utah) (52.9%), and [Tooele County](/source/Tooele_County%2C_Utah) (42.9%). However, [Utah County](/source/Utah_County%2C_Utah) added the most people (148,028). Between 2000 and 2010, [Saratoga Springs](/source/Saratoga_Springs%2C_Utah) (1,673%), [Herriman](/source/Herriman%2C_Utah) (1,330%), [Eagle Mountain](/source/Eagle_Mountain%2C_Utah) (893%), [Cedar Hills](/source/Cedar_Hills%2C_Utah) (217%), [South Willard](/source/South_Willard%2C_Utah) (168%), [Nibley](/source/Nibley%2C_Utah) (166%), [Syracuse](/source/Syracuse%2C_Utah) (159%), [West Haven](/source/West_Haven%2C_Utah) (158%), [Lehi](/source/Lehi%2C_Utah) (149%), [Washington](/source/Washington%2C_Utah) (129%), and [Stansbury Park](/source/Stansbury_Park%2C_Utah) (116%) all at least doubled in population. [West Jordan](/source/West_Jordan%2C_Utah) (35,376), Lehi (28,379), [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah) (23,234), [South Jordan](/source/South_Jordan%2C_Utah) (20,981), [West Valley City](/source/West_Valley_City%2C_Utah) (20,584), and Herriman (20,262) all added at least 20,000 people.[239]

Utah Rank City Population (2020) within city limits Land area Population density (/mi2) Population density (/km2) County 1 Salt Lake City 199,723 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 1,830.6 706 Salt Lake 2 West Valley City 140,230 35.4 sq mi (92 km2) 3,961.3 1,524 Salt Lake 3 West Jordan 116,961 30.9 sq mi (80 km2) 3,785.1 1,462 Salt Lake 4 Provo 115,162 39.6 sq mi (103 km2) 2,908.1 1,118 Utah County 5 Orem 98,129 18.4 sq mi (48 km2) 5,333.1 2,044 Utah County 6 Sandy 96,904 22.3 sq mi (58 km2) 4,345.5 1,671 Salt Lake 7 St. George 95,342 64.4 sq mi (167 km2) 1,480.5 571 Washington 8 Ogden 87,321 26.6 sq mi (69 km2) 3,282.7 1,266 Weber 9 Layton 81,773 22.0 sq mi (57 km2) 3,717 1,434 Davis 10 South Jordan 77,487 22.05 sq mi (57 km2) 3,514.1 1,359 Salt Lake 11 Lehi 75,907 26.3 sq mi (68 km2) 2,886.2 1,116 Utah 12 Millcreek 63,380 13.7 sq mi (35 km2) 4,626.3 1,811 Salt Lake 13 Taylorsville 60,448 10.7 sq mi (28 km2) 5,649.3 2,159 Salt Lake

Combined statistical area Population (2010) Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield comprises: Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Areas and Brigham City and Heber Micropolitan Areas (as listed below) 1,744,886

Utah Rank Metropolitan area Population (2017) Counties 1 Salt Lake City* 1,203,105 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit 2 Ogden-Clearfield* 665,358 Weber, Davis, Morgan 3 Provo-Orem 617,675 Utah 4 St. George 165,662 Washington 5 Logan 138,002 Cache, Franklin (Idaho)

- Until 2003, the Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan areas were considered as a single metropolitan area.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Utah Rank Micropolitan area Population (2010) 1 Brigham City 49,015 2 Cedar City 44,540 3 Vernal 29,885 4 Heber 21,066 5 Price 19,549 6 Richfield 18,382

		- [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

		- [Logan](/source/Logan%2C_Utah)

		- [Ogden](/source/Ogden%2C_Utah)

		- [Park City](/source/Park_City%2C_Utah)

		- [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah)

		- [Sandy](/source/Sandy%2C_Utah)

		- [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah)

		- [Layton](/source/Layton%2C_Utah)

## Colleges and universities

Main article: [List of colleges and universities in Utah](/source/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Utah)

The [Huntsman Cancer Institute](/source/Huntsman_Cancer_Institute) on the campus of the [University of Utah](/source/University_of_Utah) (U of U) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

The [Eyring Science Center](/source/Eyring_Science_Center) on the campus of [Brigham Young University](/source/Brigham_Young_University) (BYU) in [Provo, Utah](/source/Provo%2C_Utah)

- [Bridgerland Technical College](/source/Bridgerland_Technical_College) in [Logan](/source/Logan%2C_Utah)

- [Broadview College](/source/Broadview_University) in [West Jordan](/source/West_Jordan%2C_Utah)

- [Brigham Young University](/source/Brigham_Young_University) in [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah) (satellite campus in Salt Lake City)

- [Davis Technical College](/source/Davis_Technical_College) in [Kaysville](/source/Kaysville%2C_Utah)

- [Eagle Gate College](/source/Eagle_Gate_College) in [Murray](/source/Murray%2C_Utah) and [Layton](/source/Layton%2C_Utah)

- [Ensign College](/source/Ensign_College) (formerly LDS Business College) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

- Joyce University of Nursing and Health Sciences (formerly Ameritech College of Healthcare) in [Draper](/source/Draper%2C_Utah)

- [Mountainland Technical College](/source/Mountainland_Technical_College) in [Lehi](/source/Lehi%2C_Utah)

- [Neumont College of Computer Science](/source/Neumont_College_of_Computer_Science) in [South Jordan](/source/South_Jordan%2C_Utah)

- [Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine](/source/Noorda_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine) in [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah)

- [Ogden–Weber Technical College](/source/Ogden%E2%80%93Weber_Technical_College) in [Ogden](/source/Ogden%2C_Utah)

- [Provo College](/source/Provo_College) in [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah)

- [Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions](/source/Rocky_Mountain_University_of_Health_Professions) in [Provo](/source/Provo%2C_Utah)

- [Roseman University](/source/Roseman_University_of_Health_Sciences) in [South Jordan, Utah](/source/South_Jordan%2C_Utah)

- [Salt Lake Community College](/source/Salt_Lake_Community_College) in [Taylorsville](/source/Taylorsville%2C_Utah)

- [Snow College](/source/Snow_College) in [Ephraim](/source/Ephraim%2C_Utah) and [Richfield](/source/Richfield%2C_Utah)

- [Southern Utah University](/source/Southern_Utah_University) in [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah)

- [Southwest Technical College](/source/Southwest_Technical_College) in [Cedar City](/source/Cedar_City%2C_Utah)

- [Tooele Technical College](/source/Tooele_Technical_College) in [Tooele](/source/Tooele%2C_Utah)

- [Uintah Basin Technical College](/source/Uintah_Basin_Technical_College) in [Roosevelt](/source/Roosevelt%2C_Utah)

- [University of Phoenix](/source/University_of_Phoenix) at various locations statewide

- [University of Utah](/source/University_of_Utah) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

- [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) in [Logan](/source/Logan%2C_Utah) (satellite campuses at various state locations)

- [Utah State University Eastern](/source/Utah_State_University_Eastern) in [Price](/source/Price%2C_Utah)

- [Utah Tech University](/source/Utah_Tech_University) in [St. George](/source/St._George%2C_Utah) (formerly Dixie State University) as of May 2022, and legal effect in July 2022.[240])

- [Utah Valley University](/source/Utah_Valley_University) in [Orem](/source/Orem%2C_Utah)

- [Weber State University](/source/Weber_State_University) in [Ogden](/source/Ogden%2C_Utah)

- [Western Governors University](/source/Western_Governors_University) an online only university, headquartered in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

- [Westminster College](/source/Westminster_College%2C_Salt_Lake_City) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

## Culture

### Sports

See also: [List of professional sports teams in Utah](/source/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_Utah)

The Olympic cauldron is lit by the '[Miracle on Ice](/source/Miracle_on_Ice)' 1980 U.S. men's ice hockey team at the [opening ceremony](/source/2002_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony) of the [2002 Winter Olympics](/source/2002_Winter_Olympics) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City)

The [Utah Jazz](/source/Utah_Jazz) playing against the Houston Rockets

[Robbie Russell](/source/Robbie_Russell_(soccer)) playing for [Real Salt Lake](/source/Real_Salt_Lake)

Utah is the second-least populous U.S. state to have a [major professional sports league](/source/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada) franchise after the [Vegas Golden Knights](/source/Vegas_Golden_Knights) joined the [National Hockey League](/source/National_Hockey_League) in 2017. The [Utah Jazz](/source/Utah_Jazz) of the [National Basketball Association](/source/National_Basketball_Association) play at the [Delta Center](/source/Delta_Center) in [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City).[241] The team moved to the city from New Orleans in 1979 and has been one of the most consistently successful teams in the league (although they have yet to win a championship). The [Salt Lake City Stars](/source/Salt_Lake_City_Stars) are the [G League](/source/NBA_G_League) affiliate of the Jazz. The team moved from Idaho to Utah in 2016. Salt Lake City was previously host to the [Utah Stars](/source/Utah_Stars), who competed in the [ABA](/source/American_Basketball_Association) from 1970 to 1976 and won one championship, and to the [Utah Starzz](/source/Utah_Starzz) of the [WNBA](/source/Women's_National_Basketball_Association) from 1997 to 2003.

In 2024, the [Utah Mammoth](/source/Utah_Mammoth) was established, beginning play during the [2024–25 National Hockey League](/source/2024-25_NHL_season) season. The team was established using the existing roster, staff and draft picks of the [Arizona Coyotes](/source/Arizona_Coyotes), which were purchased by businessman and [Jazz](/source/Utah_Jazz) owner [Ryan Smith](/source/Ryan_Smith_(businessman)). The Utah Mammoth plays their home games at the Delta Center, sharing the facility with the Jazz.[242] Utah also has one minor league [hockey](/source/Ice_hockey) team, the [Utah Grizzlies](/source/Utah_Grizzlies), who play at the Maverik Center and compete in the [ECHL](/source/ECHL).

[Real Salt Lake](/source/Real_Salt_Lake) of [Major League Soccer](/source/Major_League_Soccer) was founded in 2005 and plays their home matches at [America First Field](/source/America_First_Field) in [Sandy](/source/Sandy%2C_Utah). RSL remains the only Utah major league sports team to have won a national championship, having won the MLS Cup in 2009.[243] RSL currently operates two adult teams in addition to the MLS side. [Real Monarchs](/source/Real_Monarchs), competing in the third-tier [MLS Next Pro](/source/MLS_Next_Pro), is the official reserve side for RSL. The team began to play in the 2015 season at Rio Tinto Stadium, remaining there until moving to [Zions Bank Stadium](/source/Zions_Bank_Stadium), located at RSL's training center in [Herriman](/source/Herriman%2C_Utah), for the 2018 season and beyond.[244][245] The [Utah Royals](/source/Utah_Royals) returned to the [National Women's Soccer League](/source/National_Women's_Soccer_League) (NWSL), the top level of U.S. women's soccer, in 2024.[246] The original team of that name, which shared ownership with RSL and also played at America First Field, started NWSL play in 2018.[247] Due to fallout from controversies surrounding RSL's ownership, leading to the club's eventual sale, RSL shuttered the Royals after the 2020 season, selling its player-related assets to a [new Kansas City franchise](/source/Kansas_City_Current).[248] Before the creation of the Royals, RSL's main women's side had been [Real Salt Lake Women](/source/Real_Salt_Lake_Women), which began play in the [Women's Premier Soccer League](/source/Women's_Premier_Soccer_League) in 2008 and moved to [United Women's Soccer](/source/United_Women's_Soccer) in 2016, before folding in 2019.

Utah's highest level [Minor League Baseball](/source/Minor_League_Baseball) team is the [Triple-A](/source/Triple-A_(baseball)) [Salt Lake Bees](/source/Salt_Lake_Bees), as a part of the [Pacific Coast League](/source/Pacific_Coast_League). The team previously played at [Smith's Ballpark](/source/Smith's_Ballpark) in Salt Lake City, but is set to move to [Daybreak Field at America First Square](/source/The_Ballpark_at_America_First_Square) in 2025.

Utah has seven universities that compete in [Division I](/source/NCAA_Division_I) of the [NCAA](/source/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association). Three of the schools have [football](/source/College_football) programs that participate in the top-level [Football Bowl Subdivision](/source/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision): [BYU](/source/BYU_Cougars) and [Utah](/source/Utah_Utes) in the [Big 12 Conference](/source/Big_12_Conference) (with Utah moving from the [Pac-12 Conference](/source/Pac-12_Conference) in 2024), and [Utah State](/source/Utah_State_Aggies) in the [Mountain West Conference](/source/Mountain_West_Conference). In addition, [Weber State](/source/Weber_State_Wildcats) and [Southern Utah (SUU)](/source/Southern_Utah_Thunderbirds) compete in the [Big Sky Conference](/source/Big_Sky_Conference) of the [FCS](/source/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision). [Utah Tech](/source/Utah_Tech_Trailblazers), with an FCS football program, and [Utah Valley](/source/Utah_Valley_Wolverines), with no football program, are members of the [Western Athletic Conference](/source/Western_Athletic_Conference) (WAC). Utah Tech football plays in the [United Athletic Conference](/source/United_Athletic_Conference_(football)), a football-only partnership between the WAC and the [Atlantic Sun Conference](/source/Atlantic_Sun_Conference) (ASUN). Most of these schools house select teams outside of their primary conferences; for example, BYU men's volleyball plays in the [Mountain Pacific Sports Federation](/source/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation) and Utah plays men's lacrosse in the ASUN.

Salt Lake City hosted the [2002 Winter Olympics](/source/2002_Winter_Olympics). After early financial struggles and scandals, the 2002 Olympics eventually became among the most successful Winter Olympics in history from a marketing and financial standpoint. Watched by more than two billion viewers, the Games ended up with a profit of $100 million.[249]

Utah has hosted professional golf tournaments such as the [Uniting Fore Care Classic](/source/Uniting_Fore_Care_Classic), and currently hosts the [Utah Championship](/source/Utah_Championship).

[Rugby](/source/Rugby_union_in_the_United_States) has been growing quickly in the state of Utah, growing from 17 teams in 2009 to 70 as of 2013[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utah&action=edit) with more than 3,000 players, and more than 55 high school varsity teams.[250][251] The growth has been inspired in part by the 2008 movie *[Forever Strong](/source/Forever_Strong)*.[251] Utah fields two of the most competitive teams in the nation in [college rugby](/source/College_rugby)—BYU and Utah.[250] BYU has won the National Championship in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Formed in 2017, the [Utah Warriors](/source/Utah_Warriors) are a [Major League Rugby](/source/Major_League_Rugby) team based in Salt Lake City.[252]

### Entertainment

See also: [List of appearances of Monument Valley in the media](/source/List_of_appearances_of_Monument_Valley_in_the_media) and [Category:Films shot in Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Utah)

Utah is the setting of or the filming location for many books, films,[253] television series,[253] music videos, and video games. Southern Utah is the site of many westerns, including [Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid](/source/Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid) and [Gunsmoke](/source/Gunsmoke), along with modern movies like [Thelma and Louise](/source/Thelma_%26_Louise) and [Forrest Gump](/source/Forrest_Gump). The [Bonneville Salt Flats](/source/Bonneville_Salt_Flats) are also a popular location, seen in films such as [Independence Day](/source/Independence_Day_(1996_film)) and [Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End](/source/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean%3A_At_World's_End). Utah's capital [Salt Lake City](/source/Salt_Lake_City) is the final location in the video game *[The Last of Us](/source/The_Last_of_Us_(video_game))*.[254]

The [Sundance Film Festival](/source/Sundance_Film_Festival) was founded in 1978, and takes place every January in [Park City](/source/Park_City%2C_Utah). It is considered one of the "big five" [film festivals](/source/Film_festival), and is the largest independent film festival in the United States. It will have its final festival in Utah in 2026 and move to [Boulder, Colorado](/source/Boulder%2C_Colorado) starting in 2027.[255]

		- [Monument Valley](/source/Monument_Valley) in southeastern Utah. This area was used to film many Hollywood [Westerns](/source/Westerns).

		- The otherworldly look of the [Bonneville Salt Flats](/source/Bonneville_Salt_Flats) has been used in many movies and commercials.

## See also

- [Utah portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Utah)
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States)
- [Latter Day Saint movement portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement)

- [Index of Utah-related articles](/source/Index_of_Utah-related_articles)

- [Outline of Utah](/source/Outline_of_Utah)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Utahn_6-0)** In 2025, the Utah Legislature voted to make *Utahn* the official state demonym.[3][4] Prior sources occasionally also list *Utahan*.[5]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NAVD88_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NAVD88_9-1) Elevation adjusted to [North American Vertical Datum of 1988](/source/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [/ˈjuːtɑː/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) [*YOO-tah*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key), [/ˈjuːtɔː/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-us-Utah.ogg) [*YOO-taw*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [Navajo](/source/Navajo_language): *Áshįįh Biiʼtó Hahoodzo*, pronounced [\[ɑ́ʃĩːh piːʔtxó hɑ̀hòːtsò\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-145)** Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.

## References

*This article incorporates public domain material from the website of the [Utah Division of State Parks](https://web.archive.org/web/20101020173529/http://stateparks.utah.gov/about/terms)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["United States Census Quick Facts Utah"](https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/UT/PST045224). Retrieved January 9, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023"](https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2025.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-UtahnsNow2025_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-UtahnsNow2025_3-1) ["Utah's legislative session: We're officially Utahns now"](https://www.deseret.com/utah/2025/03/05/utahn-bill-passes-legislature/). *Deseret News*. March 5, 2025. Retrieved March 7, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-UtahnsBill2025_4-0)** ["SB0230"](https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/SB0230.html). *le.utah.gov*. Retrieved March 8, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Utah"](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Utah), *Merriam-Webster.com* (Online Dictionary ed.), [Merriam-Webster](/source/Merriam-Webster), [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141104192514/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/utah) from the original on November 4, 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Kings Peak Target"](https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=LO1058). *NGS Data Sheet*. [National Geodetic Survey](/source/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey), [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](/source/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration), [United States Department of Commerce](/source/United_States_Department_of_Commerce). Retrieved October 24, 2011.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-USGS_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-USGS_8-1) ["Elevations and Distances in the United States"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html). [United States Geological Survey](/source/United_States_Geological_Survey). 2001. Archived from [the original](https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html) on November 9, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Arave, Lynn (August 31, 2006). ["Utah's basement—Beaver Dam Wash is state's lowest elevation"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150122192400/http://www.deseretnews.com/). *Deseret Morning News*. Archived from [the original](http://www.deseretnews.com/article/645197370/Utahs-basement--Beaver-Dam-Wash-is-states-lowest-elevation.html) on January 22, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Utah Code, [Title 63G, Chapter 1, Part 6, Section 601(10)](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title63G/Chapter1/63G-1-S601.html)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Utah_State_Facts_and_Symbols_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Utah_State_Facts_and_Symbols_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Utah_State_Facts_and_Symbols_12-2) ["Utah State Facts and Symbols"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210414211057/https://utah.com/state-facts-symbols). *Utah.com*. Archived from [the original](https://utah.com/state-facts-symbols) on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** "Introduction: Urban Growth in Utah", [*QGET Databook*](https://web.archive.org/web/20141104164218/http://governor.utah.gov/DEA/QGET/DataBook/4.htm), Quality Growth Efficiency Tools (QGET) Technical Committee, Governor's Office of Management & Budget, State of Utah, 1997, archived from [the original](http://governor.utah.gov/dea/QGET/DataBook/4.htm) on November 4, 2014, retrieved November 4, 2014; see also: "Figures: Population Growth, 1940–2020 (slide 3)", [*QGET Databook*](https://web.archive.org/web/20141104164243/http://governor.utah.gov/DEA/QGET/DataBook/Figures/db3.html), 1997, archived from [the original](http://governor.utah.gov/DEA/QGET/DataBook/Figures/db3.html) on November 4, 2014, retrieved November 4, 2014

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pew201_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pew201_16-1) ["Religious Landscape Study"](https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/utah/). May 11, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171005201915/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/utah/) from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["American Religious Identification Survey (2001)"](http://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/surveys/aris-2001/). [ISSSC](/source/Institute_for_the_Study_of_Secularism_in_Society_and_Culture). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111103201759/http://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/surveys/aris-2001/) from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2011.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Canham_2012-04-17_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Canham_2012-04-17_18-1) Canham, Matt (April 17, 2012). ["Census: Share of Utah's Mormon residents holds steady"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141104170941/http://www.sltrib.com/53909710-200/population-lds-county-utah.html). *[The Salt Lake Tribune](/source/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune)*. Archived from [the original](http://www.sltrib.com/53909710-200/population-lds-county-utah.html) on November 4, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Lindsey, Daryl (September 8, 2016). ["Follow the profit: How Mormon culture made Utah a hotbed for multi-level marketers"](https://kutv.com/news/local/follow-the-profit-how-mormon-culture-made-utah-a-hotbed-for-multi-level-marketers). Retrieved March 28, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [The Fastest-Growing States in America (and Why They're Booming)—Jordan Weissmann](https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/12/the-fastest-growing-states-in-america-and-why-theyre-booming/266541/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525081826/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/12/the-fastest-growing-states-in-america-and-why-theyre-booming/266541/) May 25, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). The Atlantic (December 22, 2012). Retrieved on July 12, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Appendix E.—Ranking Tables"](https://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/smadb/smadb-06appe.pdf) (PDF). *State and Metropolitan Area Data Book: 2006*. U.S. Census Bureau. December 22, 2008. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090325110955/http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/smadb/smadb-06appe.pdf) (PDF) from the original on March 25, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2009.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** Morgan, Dale L. (1995) [1947]. *The Great Salt Lake*. Salt Lake City: [University of Utah Press](/source/University_of_Utah_Press). p. 22. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-87480-478-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87480-478-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** [Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R42346) (Report). [Congressional Research Service](/source/Congressional_Research_Service). February 21, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2025.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** Steenburgh, Jim (November 14, 2014). *Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth* (1 ed.). Utah State University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0874219500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874219500).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ametsoc_54-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ametsoc_54-1) Gillies et al. (2012) [http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00084.1](http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00084.1) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170512142725/http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00084.1) May 12, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), journals.ametsoc.org.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** [Annual Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953–2004](http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111016174155/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif) October 16, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). [NOAA](/source/NOAA) [National Climatic Data Center](/source/National_Climatic_Data_Center). Retrieved March 20, 2008.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-1999_tornado_59-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-1999_tornado_59-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-1999_tornado_59-2) Brough, Clayton; Brown, Dan; James, David; Pope, Dan; Summy, Steve. ["Salt Lake City Tornado - August 11, 1999"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120614191624/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/tornado.php). *NOAA*. Archived from [the original](http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/tornado.php) on June 14, 2012.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-udwr-vertibrates_61-0)** ["Vertebrate Animals"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170502184742/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/SearchVerts.asp). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from [the original](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/SearchVerts.asp) on May 2, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-udwr-invertibrates_62-0)** ["Insects and Mollusks"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525083953/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/SearchInverts.asp). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from [the original](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/SearchInverts.asp) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-stewart_bison_63-0)** Stewart, Ron; Nielson, Allen (January 2011). ["American Bison (Bison bison)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033637/https://digitallibrary.utah.gov/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=80834). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). p. 3. Archived from [the original](https://digitallibrary.utah.gov/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=80834) (PDF) on April 15, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-b-bison_64-0)** ["American bison"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=bosxbiso). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719222820/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=bosxbiso) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-c-canadensis_65-0)** ["Elk or Wapati"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=cervelap). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719232153/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=cervelap) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-nhmu_wasatch_front_mammals_66-13) ["Mammals of the Wasatch Front"](https://nhmu.utah.edu/mammals-wasatch-front). [Natural History Museum of Utah](/source/Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah). August 29, 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719175602/https://nhmu.utah.edu/mammals-wasatch-front) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-antilocapra-americana_67-0)** ["Pronghorn"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=antiamer). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233459/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=antiamer) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-o-c-californiana_68-0)** ["California bighorn sheep"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscaca). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719224838/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscaca) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-o-c-nelsoni_69-0)** ["Desert bighorn sheep"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscane). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161130062348/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscane) from the original on November 30, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-o-c-canadensis_70-0)** ["Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscana). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233729/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=oviscana) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-m-coypus_71-0)** ["Nutriap"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=myoccoyp). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201030194724/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=myoccoyp) from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-l-canadensis_72-0)** ["Canada lynx"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=lynxcana). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161130061948/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=lynxcana) from the original on November 30, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-m-nigripes_73-0)** ["Black-footed ferret"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=mustnigr). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719223712/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=mustnigr) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-discover-utah-llpa_74-0)** ["Discover Utah"](http://thelivingplanet.com/discoverutah/). [Loveland Living Planet Aquarium](/source/Loveland_Living_Planet_Aquarium). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170611104801/http://thelivingplanet.com/discoverutah/) from the original on June 11, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-u-arctos_75-0)** ["Brown bear"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=ursuarct). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719224031/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=ursuarct) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-c-lupus_76-0)** ["Gray wolf"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=canilupu). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719232443/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=canilupu) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-sltrib_20200603_wolf_77-0)** Podmore, Zak (June 3, 2020). ["A gray wolf is in Utah for the first time in years. The state is setting traps"](https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/03/gray-wolf-is-utah-first/). *Salt Lake Tribune*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233113/https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/03/gray-wolf-is-utah-first/) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ubrc_2020_78-0)** ["Birds of Utah"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200508074414/http://www.utahbirds.org/checklistUtah.htm). Utah Birds Records Committee. January 2020. Archived from [the original](http://www.utahbirds.org/checklistUtah.htm) on May 8, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ubrc_aux_2020_79-0)** ["Auxiliary Lists"](http://www.utahbirds.org/RecCom/AuxiliaryList.htm). Utah Birds Records Committee. May 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Pioneer_80-0)** ["Utah State Bird"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200122135458/http://onlinelibrary.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/bird.html). Utah.gov. Archived from [the original](http://onlinelibrary.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/bird.html) on January 22, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ryser_81-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ryser_81-1) Ryser, Fred A. (1985). [*Birds of the Great Basin*](https://books.google.com/books?id=bxpXq_hMxfAC&pg=PA203). Reno, NV, US: University of Nevada Press. p. 203. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-87417-080-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87417-080-X). Retrieved August 11, 2014.[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-l-philadelphia_82-0)** ["Larus philadelphia"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=laruphil). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213230552/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=laruphil) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-t-migratorius_83-0)** ["Turdus migratorius"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=turdmigr). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213063241/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=turdmigr) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-l-atrata_84-0)** ["Leucosticte atrata"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=leucatra). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213135645/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=leucatra) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-c-cassinii_85-0)** ["Carpodacus cassinii"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=carpcass). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214041445/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=carpcass) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-c-tristis_86-0)** ["Carduelis tristis"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=cardtris). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213063147/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=cardtris) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-p-hudsonia_87-0)** ["Pica hudsonia"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=picapica). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213135802/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=picapica) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-88)** ["Two Doves"](https://www.alpinenaturecenter.org/two-doves.html). *ALPINE NATURE CENTER*. Retrieved September 29, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-arborea_89-0)** ["Spizella arborea"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizarbo). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213063257/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizarbo) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-atrogularis_90-0)** ["Spizella atrogularis"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizatro). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213140048/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizatro) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-a-bilineata_91-0)** ["Amphispiza bilineata"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=amphbili). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213140215/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=amphbili) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-breweri_92-0)** ["Spizella breweri"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizbrew). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213230653/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizbrew) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-passerina_93-0)** ["Spizella passerina"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizpass). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161215221910/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=spizpass) from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-a-clarki_94-0)** ["Aechmophorus clarki"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=aechclar). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161215222007/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=aechclar) from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-b-hutchinsii_95-0)** ["Branta hutchinsii"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=branhutc). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214041153/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=branhutc) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-b-canadensis_96-0)** ["Branta canadensis"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=brancana). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214041249/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=brancana) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-h-leucocephalus_97-0)** ["Haliaeetus leucocephalus"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=halileuc). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213063713/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=halileuc) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-c-californica_98-0)** ["Callipepla californica"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=callcali). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214041235/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=callcali) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-calliope_99-0)** ["Stellula calliope"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=stelcall). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214041242/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=stelcall) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-a-alexandri_100-0)** ["Archilochus alexandri"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=archalex). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161213135843/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=archalex) from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-s-platycercus_101-0)** ["Selasphorus platycercus"](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/Display.asp?FlNm=selaplat). [Utah Division of Wildlife Resources](/source/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161214040937/http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=selaplat) from the original on December 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usu-scorpion-facts_102-0)** ["Utah Pests Fact Sheet: Scorpions"](http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/ENT-68-08.pdf) (PDF). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Service. [Archived](https://www.webcitation.org/6qe6jAaLp?url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1947) from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nhmu-bugs_103-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nhmu-bugs_103-1) ["Bugs of Utah"](https://nhmu.utah.edu/bugs-utah). *Natural History Museum of Utah*. [Natural History Museum of Utah](/source/Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah). October 24, 2011. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170701201747/https://nhmu.utah.edu/bugs-utah) from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nmsu-entelegynae-page-3_104-0)** ["The Spiders of the Arid Southwest - Taxonomic Section - Entelegynae (page 3)"](http://aces.nmsu.edu/academics/spiders/entelegynes3.html). [New Mexico State University](/source/New_Mexico_State_University) College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161126145033/http://aces.nmsu.edu/academics/spiders/entelegynes3.html) from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usu-top-20-arachnids_105-0)** ["Top 20 Arachnids"](http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/htm/top-20-arachnids). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Service. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170521052156/http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/htm/top-20-arachnids) from the original on May 21, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usuext_20_arachnids_106-0)** ["Top 20 Arachnids"](https://extension.usu.edu/pests/uppdl/top-20-arachnids). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Office. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201129051733/https://extension.usu.edu/pests/uppdl/top-20-arachnids) from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ksl_recluse_20151010_107-0)** Crofts, Natalie (October 10, 2015). ["5 of the most common spiders in Utah"](https://www.ksl.com/article/36882486/5-of-the-most-common-spiders-in-utah). *[KSL-TV](/source/KSL-TV)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210316004147/https://www.ksl.com/article/36882486/5-of-the-most-common-spiders-in-utah) from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-desnews_19921125_108-0)** Sagers, Larry A. (November 25, 1992). ["Arachnophobia or not, Utahns should look upon spiders as friends"](https://www.deseret.com/1992/11/25/19018756/arachnophobia-or-not-utahns-should-look-upon-spiders-as-friends). *[Deseret News](/source/Deseret_News)*. Retrieved March 15, 2021.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usuext_summer_2020_109-0)** ["Murder Hornet Madness"](https://extension.usu.edu/pests/files/up-newsletter/2020/UtahPestsNews-summer20.pdf) (PDF). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Office. 2020. p. 7. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210115151806/https://extension.usu.edu/pests/files/up-newsletter/2020/UtahPestsNews-summer20.pdf) (PDF) from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021. And finally, false reports of brown recluse spiders incite fear in Utah residents (only the desert recluse spider, found in Washington County, exists in Utah).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usfws-tiger-beetle_110-0)** ["Species Profile for Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle (Cicindela albissima)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525081829/https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/profile/speciesProfile?spcode=I0EW). [United States Fish and Wildlife Service](/source/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service). Archived from [the original](https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/profile/speciesProfile?spcode=I0EW) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2012_tiger_beetle_proposal_111-0)** ["Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Threatened Status for Coral Pink Sand Dunes Tiger Beetle and Designation of Critical Habitat; Proposed Rule"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525081830/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-10-02/pdf/2012-23741.pdf) (PDF). [National Archives and Records Administration](/source/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration). October 2, 2012. Archived from [the original](https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-10-02/pdf/2012-23741.pdf) (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2012_tiger_beetle_withdrawal_112-0)** ["Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Withdrawal of the Proposed Rule To List Coral Pink Sand Dunes Tiger Beetle and Designate Critical Habitat; Proposed Rule"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170506184803/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-02/pdf/2013-23165.pdf) (PDF). [National Archives and Records Administration](/source/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration). October 2, 2013. Archived from [the original](https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-02/pdf/2013-23165.pdf) (PDF) on May 6, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usu-grasshoppers_113-0)** ["Grasshoppers"](http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/cucurbits-melon/grasshoppers). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Services. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181106154353/http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/cucurbits-melon/grasshoppers) from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usu-stinkbugs_114-0)** ["Stink Bugs"](http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/tomato-pepper-eggplant/stink-bugs). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Service. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181106154439/http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/tomato-pepper-eggplant/stink-bugs) from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-usu-potato-cutworm_115-0)** ["Cutworms"](http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/potato/cutworms). [Utah State University](/source/Utah_State_University) Extension Services. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181106154408/http://vegetableguide.usu.edu/insects/potato/cutworms) from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-butterfly-site-utah_116-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-butterfly-site-utah_116-1) ["List of Butterflies of Utah"](http://www.thebutterflysite.com/utah-butterflies.shtml). The Butterfly Site. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170615131854/http://www.thebutterflysite.com/utah-butterflies.shtml) from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-117)** ["White-lined Sphinx Hyles lineata (Fabricius, 1775) | Butterflies and Moths of North America"](https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Hyles-lineata). *www.butterfliesandmoths.org*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125506/https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Hyles-lineata) from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-daily_herald_fireflies_118-0)** England, Katie (June 10, 2018). ["Spanish Fork resident shows off fireflies for community"](https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/south/spanish-fork/spanish-fork-resident-shows-off-fireflies-for-community/article_ec3dfc61-d033-559b-8889-34b8e2caeca1.html). *[The Daily Herald](/source/Daily_Herald_(Utah))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180612203739/https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/south/spanish-fork/spanish-fork-resident-shows-off-fireflies-for-community/article_ec3dfc61-d033-559b-8889-34b8e2caeca1.html) from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-119)** [African bees found in Utah for the first time](http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2009/02/africanized_bees_found_in_utah.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160912145440/http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2009/02/africanized_bees_found_in_utah.html) September 12, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). Associated Press. February 12, 2009

1. **[^](#cite_ref-120)** ["Utah Department of Agriculture and Food"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101020154420/http://ag.utah.gov/news/africanmainpage.html). Ag.utah.gov. Archived from [the original](http://ag.utah.gov/news/africanmainpage.html) on October 20, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ksl_20170518_121-0)** Wright, Becky (May 18, 2017). ["Killer bees now documented in 8 Utah counties"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170520212841/http://www.ksl.com/?sid=44294722&nid=148&title=killer-bees-now-documented-in-8-utah-counties). *[KSL-TV](/source/KSL-TV)*. Archived from [the original](http://www.ksl.com/?sid=44294722&nid=148&title=killer-bees-now-documented-in-8-utah-counties) on May 20, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_122-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_122-1) Mitton, Jeffry B.; Grant, Michael C. (1996). ["Genetic Variation and the Natural History of Quaking Aspen"](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1312652). *BioScience*. **46** (1): 25–31. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1312652](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1312652). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0006-3568](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1312652](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312652).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mock_et_al_2008_123-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mock_et_al_2008_123-1) Mock, K. E.; Rowe, C. A.; Hooten, M. B.; Dewoody, J.; Hipkins, V. D. (November 2008). "Clonal dynamics in western North American aspen (Populus tremuloides)". *Molecular Ecology*. **17** (22): 4827–4844. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008MolEc..17.4827M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MolEc..17.4827M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03963.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2008.03963.x). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [19140975](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19140975). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [1425039](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1425039).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-udwr-plants_124-0)** ["Plants"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525085006/https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/SearchSelection.asp?Group=PLANT&Species=PLANT). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from [the original](https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/search/SearchSelection.asp?Group=PLANT&Species=PLANT) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-sltrib_20180507_myrtle_invasive_125-0)** Maffly, Brian (May 7, 2018). ["How a 'waterwise' ornamental plant has taken over Wasatch foothills"](https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2018/05/07/how-a-waterwise-ornamental-plant-has-taken-over-wasatch-foothills/). *[Salt Lake Tribune](/source/Salt_Lake_Tribune)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200721220511/https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2018/05/07/how-a-waterwise-ornamental-plant-has-taken-over-wasatch-foothills/) from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-utah-health_20140701_126-0)** University of Utah Health Office of Public Affairs (July 1, 2014). ["Protect Yourself From Poisonous Plants"](https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2014/07/070214_poisonous-plants.php). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161003034708/https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2014/07/070214_poisonous-plants.php) from the original on October 3, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-utah_official_noxious_weed_list_127-0)** ["State of Utah Noxious Weed List"](https://ag.utah.gov/farmers/plants-industry/noxious-weed-control-resources/state-of-utah-noxious-weed-list/). Utah Department of Agriculture and Food. June 6, 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200122094445/https://ag.utah.gov/farmers/plants-industry/noxious-weed-control-resources/state-of-utah-noxious-weed-list/) from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PopEstUS_128-0)** ["QuickFacts Utah; UNITED STATES"](https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ut,US/PST045218). *2019 Population Estimates*. [United States Census Bureau](/source/United_States_Census_Bureau), Population Division. February 26, 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190111055013/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ut,US/PST045218) from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-129)** ["Population and Population Centers by State"](http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080918020344/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt). United States Census Bureau. 2000. Archived from [the original](https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt) on September 18, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-130)** Bulkeley, Deborah (September 22, 2005). ["St. George growth 2nd fastest in US"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141104181451/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/610152931/St-George-growth-2nd-fastest-in-US.html). *Deseret Morning News*. Archived from [the original](http://www.deseretnews.com/article/610152931/St-George-growth-2nd-fastest-in-US.html) on November 4, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-131)** ["2007-2022 PIT Counts by State"](https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-132)** ["The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"](https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf) (PDF).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-133)** ["New Americans in Utah"](https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/new_americans_in_utah.pdf) (PDF). *www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org*.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-135)** ["Teenage Abortion and Pregnancy Statistics by State, 1992"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060302092337/http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2911597.html). [United States](/source/United_States): AGI. May 30, 1997. Archived from [the original](http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2911597.html) on March 2, 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IMDb_Utah_258-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IMDb_Utah_258-1) ["Filming Locations"](https://www.imdb.com/search/title?locations=Utah&ref_=ttloc_loc_1). Internet Movie Database ([IMDb](/source/IMDb)). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170525081852/http://www.imdb.com/search/title?locations=Utah&ref_=ttloc_loc_1) from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-259)** ["Real World Architecture and Locations in The Last of Us"](http://www.realityisagame.com/archives/2070/real-world-architecture-and-locations-in-the-last-of-us/). Reality is a Game. July 30, 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181127021718/http://www.realityisagame.com/archives/2070/real-world-architecture-and-locations-in-the-last-of-us/) from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-260)** Miller, Nick (February 2, 2024). ["Reely Big: The Largest Film Festivals in the World"](https://www.discoveryuk.com/building-big/reely-big-the-largest-film-festivals-in-the-world/). *Discovery UK*. Retrieved January 23, 2025.

## Further reading

- Brown, Adam R. *Utah politics and government: American democracy among a unique electorate* (U of Nebraska Press, 2018).

- Ching, Jacqueline. *Utah: Past and Present* (Rosen, 2010).

- May, Dean L. *Utah: A people's history* (U of Utah Press, 1987).

- Peterson, Charles S. and Brian Q. Cannon. *The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945*. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-60781-421-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60781-421-4)

- Powell, Allan Kent, ed. (1994), [*Utah History Encyclopedia*](http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/), Salt Lake City, Utah: [University of Utah Press](/source/University_of_Utah_Press), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0874804256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0874804256), [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [30473917](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30473917)

## External links

**Utah**  at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects)

- [Definitions](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Utah) from Wiktionary
- [Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Utah) from Commons
- [Quotations](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Utah) from Wikiquote
- [Texts](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Utah) from Wikisource
- [Textbooks](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Utah) from Wikibooks
- [Resources](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Utah) from Wikiversity
- [Travel information](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Utah) from Wikivoyage

### General

- [Gannett, Henry](/source/Henry_Gannett) (1888). ["Utah"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Utah). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica)*. Vol. XXIV (9th ed.).

### Government

- ["State of Utah"](http://www.utah.gov/) (official Web site).

- ["Energy Data & Statistics for Utah"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080620004903/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=UT). [US](/source/United_States): DoE. Archived from [the original](http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=UT) on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

### History

- [Utah: State Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress](https://guides.loc.gov/utah-state-guide)

### Military

- ["National Guard"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110620144756/http://www.ut.ngb.army.mil/html/). UT: Army. Archived from [the original](http://www.ut.ngb.army.mil/html/) on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.

- ["Air National Guard"](https://www.151wg.af.mil/). UT: Air Force. Retrieved November 7, 2015.

- ["Hill Air Force Base"](https://www.hill.af.mil/). UT: Air Force. Retrieved May 4, 2017.

### Maps and demographics

- Gamble, W. H.; Mitchell, S. Augustus (1875). [*County map of Utah and Nevada*](http://collections.swco.ttu.edu/handle/10605/11464) (Map). Texas Tech University.["Utah State Facts"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151021183302/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=49&StateName=Utah#.U8BO2vldUeo). USDA. Archived from [the original](https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=49&StateName=Utah#.U8BO2vldUeo) on October 21, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.

- ["Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Utah"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151021183250/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=UT). USGS. Archived from [the original](https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=UT) on October 21, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.

- ["QuickFacts"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151104074948/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49000.html). The US: Census Bureau. Archived from [the original](http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49000.html) on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015..

- Geographic data related to [Utah](https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/161993) at [OpenStreetMap](/source/OpenStreetMap)

### Tourism and recreation

- [Utah Office of Tourism Official Website](https://www.visitutah.com/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210212222357/https://visitutah.com/) February 12, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [Office of Tourism](http://travel.utah.gov/) (requires [Adobe Flash](/source/Adobe_Flash))

- [Utah State Parks](http://stateparks.utah.gov/)

- [Utah Traffic and Road Conditions](http://commuterlink.utah.gov/) [Archived](http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151108020239/http://commuterlink.utah.gov/) November 8, 2015, at Wikiwix

### Other

- [Utah State Chamber of Commerce](http://www.utahstatechamber.org/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200624223236/https://utahstatechamber.org/) June 24, 2020, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

Preceded by Wyoming List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on January 4, 1896 (45th) Succeeded by Oklahoma

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[39°N 111°W / 39°N 111°W / 39; -111 (State of Utah)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Utah&params=39_N_111_W_dim:300000_region:US-UT_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Utah)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.