# Unzhlag

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{{Short description|Camp of the GULAG system of labor camps in the Soviet Union}}
{{coord|57|43|7|N|44|48|57|E|display=title}}
'''Unzhlag''' or '''Unzhensky ITL''' (Unzhensky corrective [labor camp](/source/labor_camp)) ({{langx|ru|Унжлаг, Унженский ИТЛ}}) was a  camp of the [GULAG](/source/GULAG) system of [labor camp](/source/labor_camp)s in the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union). Named after the [Unzha River](/source/Unzha_River), it has headquarters at the railway station [Sukhobezvodnoye](/source/Sukhobezvodnoye) (Сухобезводное, Сухобезводная), [Gorky Oblast](/source/Gorky_Oblast). It operated from February 5, 1938 to 1960. The main operation was [logging](/source/logging) and [wood processing](/source/wood_processing) industries, but also served a wide variety of other small-scale industries: construction, metalworking, railroad servicing, clothing, footwear, pottery production, etc. The camp had 30 sites (''[lagpunkt](/source/lagpunkt)s'').<ref>[http://www.memo.ru/history/NKVD/GULAG/ "Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР"] (select "УНЖЕНСКИЙ ИТЛ" in the index)</ref>

There is a small museum of Unzhlag on the private property of a [local lore](/source/local_lore) enthusiast Mikhail Shulegin in the village {{ill|Yurovo, Makaryevsky District|ru|Юрово (Костромская область)}}.<ref>[https://ling.hse.ru/news/785425636.html Экспедиция фольк­ло­ри­стов в Ма­ка­рьев­ский район Костромской области]</ref>
==Notable inmates==
*[Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli](/source/Yusif_Vazir_Chamanzaminli) (1887-1943), Azerbaijani statesman and writer (imprisoned 1940, died January 1943)
*[Dalia Grinkevičiūtė](/source/Dalia_Grinkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97), Lithuanian school girl [deported in June 1941](/source/June_deportation) who later wrote a memoir about her experiences
* Ahmad Jafarzade (1929-2000), Azerbaijani writer, brother of [Aziza Jafarzade](/source/Aziza_Jafarzade), who was imprisoned for his poem, "Hey, Yusif" <ref>[https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai141_folder/141_articles/141_ahmad_jafarzade_poetry.html "Hey, Yusif"] "Poetry of Consciousness" by Ahmad Jafarzade, AZER.com in ''Azerbaijan International'', Vol. 14:1 (Spring 2006), p. 31.</ref> critical of [Joseph Stalin](/source/Joseph_Stalin). Ahmad survived the GULAG (both at Unzhlag and [Kolyma](/source/Kolyma)), and after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, he published poetry that he had collected from fellow prisoners <ref>[https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai141_folder/141_articles/141_bayati_poetry.html  Laments in the Prison Camps: Collection by Ahmad Jafarzade] in AZER.com, in ''Azerbaijan International'', Vol. 14:1 (Spring 2006), pp. 32-33.</ref> and a description of the terror that Azerbaijanis had experienced in everyday life in 1937 <ref>[https://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai141_folder/141_articles/141_ahmad.html Seven Days in 1937: The Trauma of Stalin's Early Repressions] by Ahmad Jafarzade, AZER.com, ''Azerbaijan International'', Vol. 14:1 (Spring 2006), pp. 26-30. </ref>  and the traditional tortures used to extract confessions in Baku's NKVD prison in the 1940s.
*[Boris Khazanov](/source/Boris_Khazanov), Russian writer<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220523152012/https://boris-chasanow.imwerden.de/ Борис Хазанов]</ref>  
*[Lev Kopelev](/source/Lev_Kopelev) describes his experience in Unzhlag in his book, ''To Be Preserved Forever''.<ref>Lev Kopelev, ''To Be Preserved Forever'' ("Хранить вечно"), 1976. [http://www.e-reading.me/chapter.php/94815/31/Kopelev_-_Hranit'_vechno.html Глава двадцать шестая. Сухобезводная. Унжлаг]</ref>
*[Karl Kullisaar](/source/Karl_Kullisaar) (16 November 1905 – 1 March 1942), [Estonia](/source/Estonia)n wrestler and sports figure.<ref name="ESBL">{{cite web |title=Karl_Kullisaar |url=https://esbl.ee/biograafia/Karl_Kullisaar |website=esbl.ee |access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref>
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Yanka Shutovich|be-x-old|3=Янка Шутовіч}}, Belarusian literary critic, publisher, and cultural activist; served some of his time in Unzhlag, among several other camps.
*[Harald Tammer](/source/Harald_Tammer), Estonian journalist, athlete and weightlifter; died in Unzhlag
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Mikhail Yakubovich|ru|3=Якубович, Михаил Петрович}}, Russian revolutionary and Soviet statesman, [Menshevik](/source/Menshevik).

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Остатки бараков .jpg|Barracks leftovers
File:Колучкаулагеря.jpg|Barbed wire fense leftovers
File:Руины у биржы.jpg|''"Birzha"'' site leftovers
File:Урочищедепоунжлаг.jpg|Depot model, Unzhlag museum
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Camps of the Gulag

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Unzhlag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unzhlag) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unzhlag?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.