# Unity of effort

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'''Unity of effort''' is the state of harmonizing efforts among multiple organizations working towards a similar objective.<ref>Lawrence, Scott.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20011116115837/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/c26.pdf ''Joint C2 Through Unity of Command''], Joint Forces Quarterly, Autumn/Winter 1994-95, p. 107.</ref> This prevents organizations from working at cross purposes and it reduces [duplication of effort](/source/Diseconomies_of_scale). Multiple organizations can achieve unity of effort through shared common objectives. In military operations, unity of effort is similar to [unity of command](/source/Incident_Command_System) except it usually relates to coordinating organizations not in the same command, such as in interagency operations. In this case, unity of effort is often achieved through [campaign plan](/source/campaign_plan)s or coordinating committees<ref>Hoffman, F. G. "The Anatomy of the Long War's Failings", Vol 14, No 16, June 2009.</ref> instead of through a unified commander. In [emergency management](/source/emergency_management), unity of effort describes the integrated approach by different levels of government and multiple civilian organizations in response to the event.

==United States==

===Department of Homeland Security===
The [National Response Framework](/source/National_Response_Framework) as part of the [National Strategy for Homeland Security](/source/National_Strategy_for_Homeland_Security) includes ''unity of effort through unified command'' as one of its five key principles.<ref>National Response Framework - Core, p. 10</ref> Unity of effort is effectively implemented under NRF by requiring emergency responses to be coordinated under [National Incident Management System](/source/National_Incident_Management_System) and [Incident Command System](/source/Incident_Command_System) standards as part of [comprehensive emergency management](/source/comprehensive_emergency_management) by objectives.

===Department of State===
The [Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization](/source/Office_of_the_Coordinator_for_Reconstruction_and_Stabilization) bases ''unity of effort'' on four principles:
*A common understanding of the situation;
*A common vision or goals for the reconstruction and stabilization mission;
*Coordination of efforts to ensure continued coherency;
*Common measures of progress and ability to change course if necessary.

===Security Sector Reform (SSR)===
Unity of effort is used to not conflict [SSR](/source/Security_sector_reform) programs with one another.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

Category:Command and control
Category:Emergency management

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