# Union of Arab Republics

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Proposed union of countries

This article is about the 1972 Iraqi proposal for a union with Egypt and Syria. For the 1972–1977 also called "Union" of Egypt, Libya and Syria, see [Federation of Arab Republics](/source/Federation_of_Arab_Republics).

Union of Arab Republics Motto: Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya The 1972 proposed Union of Arab Republics (red) was a new version of the 1963 failed United Arab Republic Language Modern Standard Arabic Establishment Failed proposal

In March 1972, [Ba'athist Iraq](/source/Ba'athist_Iraq) proposed to [Egypt](/source/Egypt) and [Ba'athist Syria](/source/Ba'athist_Syria) a re-establishment of the **[United Arab Republic](/source/United_Arab_Republic)**, which failed in 1961. The Iraqi proposal was an immediate reaction to [Jordan](/source/Jordan)'s proposal for a [United Arab Kingdom](/source/King_Hussein's_federation_plan) but collided with the already established [Federation of Arab Republics](/source/Federation_of_Arab_Republics) and failed because of Iraqi–Syrian differences.

## Union of Arab Republics

The [United Arab Kingdom](/source/King_Hussein's_federation_plan) plan was angrily rejected by the [Palestinians](/source/Palestinians), the [Arab League](/source/Arab_League) and the [Islamic States](/source/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) as well as by [Israel](/source/Israel). The Iraqi counter-proposal urged the inclusion of the [Palestine Liberation Organization](/source/Palestine_Liberation_Organization)[1] (to fight united for the liberation of Palestine) in a *Union of Arab Republics* instead and invited all other "progressive" Arab states to join.[2][3]

[Libya](/source/Libya), however, would need to be excluded. At least for the beginning. [Iraq](/source/Iraq) accused Libyan [prime minister](/source/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya) [Muammar Gaddafi](/source/Muammar_Gaddafi) of inciting Iraqi-Syrian conflicts while Gaddafi condemned the Iraqi regime for its approach to the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) and the [Iraqi communists](/source/Iraqi_Communist_Party).[2][4]

At the end of March 1972, [Iraqi vice president](/source/Vice_President_of_Iraq) [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein) led a high-ranking delegation to [Damascus](/source/Damascus) and [Cairo](/source/Cairo) in order to promote the proposal. In Syria, Saddam Hussein met [president](/source/President_of_Syria) [Hafez al-Assad](/source/Hafez_al-Assad) and [foreign minister](/source/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(Syria)) [Abdul Halim Khaddam](/source/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam), but Egypt's [president](/source/President_of_Egypt) [Anwar Sadat](/source/Anwar_Sadat) had already consulted Gaddafi in Libya. On 26 March, Saddam Hussein met [Egyptian vice president](/source/Vice-President_of_Egypt) [Mahmoud Fawzi](/source/Mahmoud_Fawzi) in Cairo and on 28th he finally met Sadat in [Alexandria](/source/Alexandria). Referring to the already established Egyptian-Libyan-Syrian [Federation of Arab Republics](/source/Federation_of_Arab_Republics) the proposal was rejected.[2][4][5]

However, Syria and Egypt invited Iraq to join the federation instead. According to Khaddam, the first step to unite an Iraqi-Syrian summit should settle the quarrels between the [Syrian](/source/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region) and the [Iraqi](/source/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region) Ba'ath parties. In October 1972, [Iraqi president](/source/President_of_Iraq) [Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr](/source/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr) agreed to Syria's conditions[2] and proposed to create an Iraqi-Syrian union within the federation[6] while Egypt and Libya had already announced to merge bilaterally in a closer union (also called *United Arab Republic*) within the federation. Although further discussions were not held, in January 1973, Iraq assured Egypt and Syria its full military and economical support in case of a [new war against Israel](/source/Yom_Kippur_War). Iraq's offer to create a Joint Military Command was rejected however.[2]

## See also

- [Arab Union](/source/Arab_Union)

## Sources

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Hassan Tawalba: *The Ba'th and Palestine*, p. 55f. Dar al-Ma'mun, Bagdad 1982

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Shibli_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Shibli_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Shibli_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Shibli_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Shibli_2-4) [Shibli al-Aysami](/source/Shibli_al-Aysami): *Einheit, Freiheit, Sozialismus*, p. 99–102. Valle Olona, Varese 1978

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ron_3-0)** [Robin Leonard Bidwell](/source/Robin_Leonard_Bidwell): *Dictionary of Modern Arab History*, p. 429f. Routledge, New York 1998

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ITN_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ITN_4-1) Reuters 27 March 1972: *[Iraqi Delegation Arrives In Cairo For Talks On A Tripartite Federation](http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist/RTV/1972/03/27/BGY508150465/?s=)* (with [VIDEO clip](http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist/RTV/1972/03/27/BGY508150465/?s=#shotListTechnicalInformationAnchor))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Record of the Arab World: *Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics*, vol. 1, p. 222. Research and Publishing House, 1972

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PAN_6-0)** [Polska Akademia Nauk](/source/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences) - Komitet Badań Krajów Azji, Afryki i Ameryki Łacińskiej: *Studies on the Developing Countries*, No. 1-4 (9-12), p. 180f. Zakład Narodowy im Ossolińskich, Breslau 1989

v t e Arab nationalism Ideology Arab socialism Arab-Islamic nationalism Ba'athism Assadism Neo-Ba'athism Saddamism Nasserism Pan-Arabism Third International Theory History Arab Revolt Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Iraqi Revolt Arab separatism in Khuzestan 1979 Khuzestan insurgency Great Syrian Revolt 1941 Iraqi coup d'état Anglo-Iraqi War Arab–Israeli conflict Suez Crisis Six-Day War War of Attrition Yom Kippur War Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1952 Egyptian revolution Iraqi Intifada Algerian War 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising 1961 Syrian coup d'état Arab Cold War North Yemen civil war Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Dhofar rebellion November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état Aden Emergency 1966 Syrian coup d'état 17 July Revolution 1969 Sudanese coup d'état 1969 Libyan revolution Black September Lebanese Civil War Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war Yemeni unification Concepts Arab identity Arab Union Arab world Arabization Personalities Butrus al-Bustani Michel Aflaq Jassem Alwan Abdel Hakim Amer Yasser Arafat Abdul Rahman Arif Abdul Salam Arif Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Jamal al-Atassi Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Sultan al-Atrash Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Mohamed Siad Barre Omar al-Bashir Ahmed Ben Bella Salah al-Din al-Bitar Houari Boumediene Abdelaziz Bouteflika Izzat Darwaza Faisal I Muammar Gaddafi Rashid Ali al-Gaylani George Habash Sati' al-Husri Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz Saddam Hussein Amin al-Husseini Salah Jadid Rashid Karami Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi Mostéfa Merarda Hosni Mubarak Mohamed Naguib Gamal Abdel Nasser Gaafar Nimeiry Moktar Ould Daddah Adnan Pachachi Abdul-Karim Qasim Shukri al-Quwatli Ameen Rihani Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i Hamdeen Sabahi Anwar Sadat Abdullah al-Sallal Constantin Zureiq Organizations Al-Awda Al-Fatat Al-Mourabitoun Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Federation Arab Higher Committee Arab Islamic Republic Arab Liberation Army Arab Nationalist Movement Arab Socialist Action Party Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) Arab Socialist Union (Libya) Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) Arabian Peninsula People's Union Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Party Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) Fatah Federation of Arab Republics General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) Islamic Legion Lebanese National Movement National Liberation Front (Algeria) Palestine Liberation Organization Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Rejectionist Front Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Unified Political Command Union of Arab Republics (1972) United Arab Republic United Arab States Literature The Arab Awakening The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection Symbolism Arab Liberation Flag Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic Eagle of Saladin Flag of the Arab Federation Flag of the Arab Revolt Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics Flag of the United Arab Republic Hawk of Quraish Pan-Arab colors Related topics Anti-Zionism Greater Mauritania Greater Morocco Greater Syria Greater Yemen Islamism Nationalisms Algerian Egyptian Iraqi Jordanian Lebanese Libyan Moroccan Palestinian Sahrawi Syrian Tunisian Pan-Islamism Category

v t e Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction History Predecessors Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq Founders Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar Pre-split 1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état Post-split 17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt 8th Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba'ath Party Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Leadership General Secretaries Pre-split Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz Iraqi-dominated faction Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar* Syrian-dominated faction Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad Regional Secretaries Iraq Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed* Jordan Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi* Lebanon Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei Palestine Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem* Syria Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Members of the National Command Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Michel Aflaq Abdullah al-Ahmar Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Salah al-Din al-Bitar Elias Farah Hakem Al-Fayez Wahib al-Ghanim Amin al-Hafiz Akram al-Hourani Salah Jadid Zuheir Mohsen Munif Razzaz Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Talib El-Shibib Khaled Yashruti Members of the Regional Commands Iraq Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel Lebanon Musa Shuaib Syria Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin Yemen Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab Heads of state Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Syria Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafez al-Assad Presidency Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad Presidency Heads of government Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai Syria Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali * = incumbent Organization Regional branches Iraqi-dominated faction Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen Syrian-dominated faction Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen Committees Control and Inspection Committee Military Committee Newspapers Al-Ba'ath Sawt al-Jamahir Al-Thawra Al-Souria Popular fronts National Progressive Front (Iraq) National Progressive Front (Syria) Wings Paramilitary Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Jaysh Muhammad al-Fatih National Defense Battalions National Defence Forces Popular Army Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Syrian Popular Resistance Others General Federation of Trade Unions General Union of Peasants National Union of Syrian Students Revolutionary Youth Union Associated organizations Armed groups Al-Abud Network Free Iraqi Army Rejectionists Snake Party Breakaway groups Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Arab Socialist Movement Damascus branch Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party Arabic Toilers' Movement Al-Awda Arab Democratic Socialist Ba'ath Party Palestinian Arab Front Socialist Lebanon Sudanese Ba'ath Party Political alliances Current Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces Former Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front Political parties Arab Socialist Union Party Arab Democratic Union Party Democratic Socialist Unionist Party Kurdistan Revolutionary Party Libyan National Movement National Covenant Party Popular Unity Party Sawab Social Democratic Unionists Socialist Unionist Party Syrian Communist Party Bakdash Unified Syrian Social Nationalist Party Intifada Wing in Lebanon Miscellaneous Ideology Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadism Ba'athism Left-wing populism Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Revolutionary socialism Romantic nationalism Saddamism Secularism Socialism Ta'addudiyya Vanguardism Literature The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection Symbolism Arḍulfurātayni Pan-Arab colors Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Union of Arab Republics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.