# Typhula > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Typhula > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Typhula.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhula > Source revision: 1271381787 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{MCN|date=January 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Typhula-quisquiliaris Sowerby crop.jpg | image_upright = 1.1 | image_caption = ''Typhula quisquiliaris'', as illustrated by [James Sowerby](/source/James_Sowerby) | taxon = Typhula | authority = ([Pers.](/source/Christiaan_Hendrik_Persoon)) [Fr.](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries) (1818) | type_species = ''[Typhula incarnata](/source/Typhula_incarnata)'' (proposed) | type_species_authority = Lasch (1838) | synonyms =''Cnazonaria'' Corda
''Dacryopsella'' Höhn.
''Gliocoryne'' Maire
''Phacorhiza'' Pers.
''Pistillaria'' Fr.
''Pistillina'' Quél.
''Sphaerula'' Pat.
''Tygervalleyomyces'' Crous
| subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *''[Typhula erythropus](/source/Typhula_erythropus)'' * ''[Typhula canadensis](/source/Typhula_ishikariensis_var._canadensis)'' * ''[Typhula ishikariensis](/source/Typhula_ishikariensis)'' **[''Typhula ishikariensis'' var. ''idahoensis''](/source/Typhula_idahoensis) * ''[Typhula quisquiliaris](/source/Typhula_quisquiliaris)'' * ''[Typhula uncialis](/source/Typhula_uncialis)'' * ''[Typhula variabilis](/source/Typhula_variabilis)'' }} '''''Typhula''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [clavarioid fungi](/source/clavarioid_fungi) in the [order](/source/order_(biology)) [Agaricales](/source/Agaricales). Species of ''Typhula'' are [saprotrophic](/source/saprotrophic), mostly decomposing leaves, twigs, and herbaceous material. [Basidiocarps](/source/Basidiocarps) (fruit bodies) are club-shaped or narrowly cylindrical and are simple (not branched), often arising from [sclerotia](/source/sclerotia). A few species are [facultative](/source/facultative_parasite) [plant pathogens](/source/plant_pathology), causing a number of commercially important crop and turfgrass diseases. ==Taxonomy== The genus was first introduced as a section of ''Clavaria'' by South African-born [mycologist](/source/mycologist) [Christiaan Hendrik Persoon](/source/Christiaan_Hendrik_Persoon) in 1801. He differentiated ''Typhula'' from ''[Clavaria](/source/Clavaria)'' on the basis of fruitbody shape (''Typhula'' having a distinct head and stem). The name was taken up at generic level by [Elias Magnus Fries](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries) in 1818. Fries described four species in the genus. Subsequent authors described another 150 or so species in ''Typhula''. The genus was revised in 1950 by [E. J. H. Corner](/source/E._J._H._Corner), who characterized ''Typhula'' species as having fruit bodies arising from [sclerotia](/source/sclerotia), the genera ''Pistillaria'' and ''Pistillina'' accommodating similar species lacking sclerotia. A later and more specialist revision by Jacques Berthier (1976) placed both these latter genera in synonymy. [Molecular](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) research, based on [cladistic](/source/cladistic) analysis of [DNA sequences](/source/DNA_sequences), indicates that the genus is [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic) and forms a natural group. The [type species](/source/type_species), ''T. phacorrhiza'', is not, however, closely related to other species in the genus and belongs in ''[Macrotyphula](/source/Macrotyphula)''. Rather than rename all other species currently referred to ''Typhula'' or ''Macrotyphula'', a proposal is being made to change the type species of ''Typhula'' to ''[T. incarnata](/source/Typhula_incarnata)''. ==Description== [Basidiocarps](/source/Basidiocarps) (fruit bodies) arise singly or severally from a sclerotium or directly from the substrate. Fruit bodies are filiform (hair-like) to club-shaped, typically with a distinct sterile stalk and fertile head, normally white, in some species buff to pink, or with a dark reddish stem. The sclerotia (when present) are spherical to lentil-shaped, hard and horny, yellow-brown to blackish brown. Microscopically, the hyphal system is [monomitic](/source/monomitic), the hyphae with or without [clamp connection](/source/clamp_connection)s. The [basidia](/source/basidia) produce 2 to 4 [basidiospores](/source/basidiospores) that are smooth (lobed in one species), colourless, and [amyloid](/source/amyloid_(mycology)) or inamyloid. ==Habitat and distribution== ''Typhula'' species mostly occur as [saprotrophs](/source/saprotrophs) on dead herbaceous stems, fern stems, grass stems, fallen leaves, and woody detritus. Some species occur on a wide range of host plants, others—such as ''[Typhula quisquiliaris](/source/Typhula_quisquiliaris)'' on [bracken](/source/bracken)—appear to be host-specific. A few species are or can become [facultative (opportunistic) parasites](/source/facultative_parasite) of crops and turfgrass. Most species have been described from the north temperate zone, but little research has been undertaken in the tropics or southern hemisphere, where they are either less common or (as yet) overlooked. ==Economic importance== The [psychrophilic](/source/psychrophile) species ''[Typhula canadensis](/source/Typhula_ishikariensis_var._canadensis)'', ''[Typhula ishikariensis](/source/Typhula_ishikariensis)'', and ''[Typhula incarnata](/source/Typhula_incarnata)'' are the causal agents of [grey snow mould](/source/gray_snow_mold) (also called speckled snow mould or typhula blight), a disease that can destroy turfgrass when covered for a long period with snow. It is a particular problem on golf courses established in unsuitable areas. More importantly, the same two species can also damage crops of [winter wheat](/source/winter_wheat), as can the unrelated ''[Macrotyphula phacorrhiza](/source/Macrotyphula_phacorrhiza)''. ==References== {{Reflist|2|refs= {{Cite web|url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp|title = Index Fungorum - Search Page}} {{cite book |title=A monograph of ''Clavaria'' and allied genera. |last=Corner EJH. |year=1950 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} {{cite book |title=Monographie des ''Typhula'', ''Pistillaria'' et genres voisins. |last=Berthier J. |year=1976 |publisher=Société Linnéenne de Lyon }} {{cite web |url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCE2002/jan2002.htm |title=Jan2002 |access-date=2013-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410035831/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCE2002/jan2002.htm |archive-date=2013-04-10 }} {{cite journal |author=Olariaga I, Huhtinen S, Læssøe T, Petersen JH, Hansen K |title=Phylogenetic origins and family classification of typhuloid fungi, with emphasis on ''Ceratellopsis'', ''Macrotyphula'' and ''Typhula'' (Basidiomycota) |journal=Studies in Mycology |volume=96 |year=2020 |pages=155–184 |doi=10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.003|pmid=32774511 |pmc=7388190 |doi-access=free }} {{cite journal |author=Hoshino T, Tkachenko OB, Motoaki T, Tronsmo AM, Kasuya T, Matsumoto N |year=2022 |title=Taxonomic revision of the ''Typhula ishikariensis'' complex |journal=Mycoscience |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=118–130 |doi=10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.003|doi-access=free |pmid=37089628 |pmc=10042319 }} {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/07060668609501799 |vauthors=Schneider EF, Seaman WL |year=1986 |title=''Typhula phacorrhiza'' on winter wheat |journal=Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology |volume=8 |pages=269–276 |issue=3 |bibcode=1986CaJPP...8..269S }} }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4001204}} {{Authority control}} Category:Typhulaceae Category:Agaricales genera --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Typhula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhula) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhula?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.