# Typhoon Kate > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Typhoon_Kate > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Typhoon_Kate.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Kate > Source revision: 1350965574 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 1970}} {{Other hurricane uses|List of storms named Kate|the 1970 typhoon}} {{Infobox weather event | name = Typhoon Kate (Titang) | image = Kateoct2219700727UTCITOS1.gif | caption = Typhoon Kate west of the Philippines on October 22 | formed = October 14, 1970 | dissipated = October 25, 1970 }}{{Infobox weather event/JMA | winds = | pressure = 940 | category = typhoon }}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC | winds = 130 | pressure = 941 | basin = WPac }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | year = 1970 | fatalities = 631 | missing = 284 | damage = 50000000 | areas = [Philippines](/source/Philippines), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), [Vietnam](/source/Vietnam) | refs = }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = [1970 Pacific typhoon season](/source/1970_Pacific_typhoon_season) }} '''Typhoon Kate''', known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Titang''',{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Coordinating Council|date=November 9, 2004|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003: TS Titang|url=http://baseportal.com/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=/miso/typhoons&cmd=list&range=0,20&cmd=all&Id=4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126151323/http://baseportal.com/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=%2Fmiso%2Ftyphoons&cmd=list&range=0%2C20&cmd=all&Id=4|archivedate=November 26, 2004|url-status=dead}} was the second of two [super typhoon](/source/super_typhoon)s to strike the [Philippines](/source/Philippines) within a week in October 1970, the first being Super [Typhoon Joan](/source/Typhoon_Joan). As a result, Kate produced heavy damage and over 631 casualties. At the time, Kate was one of the deadliest typhoons to strike the Philippines. ==Meteorological history== {{storm path|Kate 1970 track.png}} Super Typhoon Kate was first identified by the [Joint Typhoon Warning Center](/source/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center) (JTWC) on October 7, 1970, and by the [Japan Meteorological Agency](/source/Japan_Meteorological_Agency) on October 9, 1970 as a tropical disturbance near the [Marshall Islands](/source/Marshall_Islands). The system tracked in a general westward direction and relocated itself further south during this period in response to [Typhoon Joan](/source/Typhoon_Joan_(1970)) wake to the northwest. By October 13, [convection](/source/Atmospheric_convection) sharply increased as the system entered a region of strong [diffluence](/source/diffluence). The following day, the disturbance featured a marked increase in organization as thunderstorms continued to consolidate around the center of circulation. During the afternoon of October 15, [reconnaissance aircraft](/source/Reconnaissance_mission) reached the storm and reported that it was already nearing typhoon status. Sustained winds were measured at {{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} along with a [barometric pressure](/source/barometric_pressure) of 985 [mbar](/source/Bar_(unit)) ([hPa](/source/Pascal_(unit)); 29.12 [inHg](/source/Inches_of_Mercury)). At this time the storm was classified as Tropical Storm Kate, the 18th [named storm](/source/Tropical_cyclone_naming) of the [1970 season](/source/1970_Pacific_typhoon_season).{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=1970 Pacific typhoons Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1970/1970s-bwp/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130403014508/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1970/1970s-bwp/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 3, 2013}} Additionally, the storm had begun developing an [eyewall](/source/Eye_(cyclone)), an indication that the system was likely to intensify further. Over the following three days, the storm continued its westward track while gaining strength.{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|work=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate (22W) 1970|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607051440/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2011|pages=3}} Throughout the day on October 16, Kate underwent a period of [rapid intensification](/source/rapid_intensification). During this time, sustained winds increased from {{convert|140|to|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, ranking Kate as a [Category 4 typhoon](/source/Category_4_hurricane) on the modern day [Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale](/source/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_Hurricane_Scale).{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate (22W) Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1970/1970s-bwp/bwp181970.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607202855/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1970/1970s-bwp/bwp181970.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2011}} Early on October 17, reconnaissance planes flown into the typhoon measured the [eye](/source/Eye_(cyclone)) to be {{convert|18.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter. Although winds were still increasing, the lowest pressure recorded in relation to Kate was measured at this time at 940 mbar (hPa; 27.7 inHg).{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|work=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate (22W) 1970|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607051440/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2011|pages=6}} Further intensification ensued as the typhoon neared the southeastern [Philippine](/source/Philippines) island of [Mindanao](/source/Mindanao) on October 18. Just before making a rare [landfall](/source/landfall) roughly {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [Davao City](/source/Davao_City) in the [Davao Region](/source/Davao_Region), Kate attained its peak winds of {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, classifying it as a super typhoon according to the JTWC. As the storm moved over land, the eye abruptly shrank to {{convert|7.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter but this feature dissipated hours later. Due to the interaction with the mountainous terrain of Mindanao, Kate quickly weakened as it moved northwestward across the archipelago. By October 19, the system had weakened to a tropical storm, less than 24 hours after attaining its peak winds. Despite the notable weakening, the structure of the storm remained relatively intact as it moved over the [Sulu Sea](/source/Sulu_Sea). Throughout the day, the system briefly sped up before rapidly slowing near the [South China Sea](/source/South_China_Sea). On October 20, decreased interaction with land allowed Kate to re-attain typhoon status just before passing over [Busuanga Island](/source/Busuanga_Island). Continuing its northwest track, the typhoon slowly intensified and redeveloped a 37 mi (23 mi) wide eye. Late on October 21, the JTWC assessed the storm to have re-attained Category 4 intensity; however, post-storm analysis indicated that sustained winds did not exceed {{convert|195|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The following day, a [ridge](/source/Ridge_(meteorology)) to the north of Kate prevented the system from tracking further north and prompted a west-southwestward track.{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|work=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate (22W) 1970|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607051440/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2011|pages=4}} Gradual weakening took place over the following several days as Kate slowly neared the [Indochina](/source/Indochina) coastline. By October 24, winds had decreased below {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and the eye became asymmetrical and partially open in the northeast quadrant.{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|work=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1971|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate (22W) 1970|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607051440/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1970atcr/pdf/wnp/22.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2011|pages=7}} On October 25, the typhoon further weakened to a tropical storm just off the coast of [Vietnam](/source/Vietnam). Later that day, the system made its final landfall near [Da Nang, Vietnam](/source/Da_Nang) with winds of {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Rapid weakening ensued as Kate moved over the high terrain of southeast Asia, with the storm degrading to a tropical depression within six hours of moving inland. The system dissipated within the next 24 hours as it moved over the plateau region of [Cambodia](/source/Cambodia). Both JTWC and JMA released their final advisories as Kate dissipated over Vietnam. ==Impact== ===Philippines=== Mindanao is situated outside the typhoon belt due to its close proximity to the equator. Typhoons rarely hit the island, often curving northward and making landfall in the more northern parts of the country. When Kate made landfall in southern Mindanao, the large loss of life from the typhoon is thought to be related to the lack of tropical cyclone experience for its residents. In southern [Mindanao](/source/Mindanao), over 5,000 houses and other such structures were damaged or destroyed by [storm surge](/source/storm_surge), heavy rains and strong winds produced by Typhoon Kate. Damage from the storm was estimated at $50 million, making it one of the costliest typhoons on record at the time. A total of 631 people were confirmed to have been killed by the storm and 284 others were listed as missing, ranking Kate as one of the deadliest typhoons to strike the Philippines at the time. Initial reports from the [Red Cross](/source/Red_Cross) indicated that at least 150 homes were destroyed within hours of Kate's landfall. Telecommunication was lost to much of the region as power lines were down after being pummeled by high winds.{{cite news|author=United Press International|work=The Palm Beach Post|date=October 18, 1970|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate Hits Philippines|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Tf0sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NrYFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20kate&pg=918%2C1563326|page=195}} Within a day of the storm's passage, the death toll had reached 13 with 29 others missing and was expected to increase.{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=Times Daily|date=October 19, 1970|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Kate Fatal To 13|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IBQsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rsgEAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20kate&pg=7022%2C3168255|page=2}} ===Vietnam=== Due to the threat of the typhoon, United States military officials prompted the evacuation of a military hospital near Da Nang and the relocation of aircraft. The level of fighting during Kate's passage was regarded as one of the lowest during the [Vietnam War](/source/Vietnam_War) as most tactical bombing missions were canceled. During the 24 hours in which the storm affected Vietnam, the United States launched 46 air bombings, the fewest in over two years.{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=Kentucky New Era|date=October 24, 1970|accessdate=July 13, 2010|title=Typhoon Cuts War Activity|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XucrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OWcFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20kate&pg=2439%2C2169095|page=37}} Although damage estimates and reports of deaths are scarce out of [Vietnam](/source/Vietnam), floodwaters, considered the worst since 1964, affected an area nearly {{convert|140|sqmi|km2}} south of [Da Nang](/source/Da_Nang). Roughly 900 people were evacuated the first day after Kate by [Marine Aircraft Group 16](/source/Marine_Aircraft_Group_16), and over 9,000 [South Vietnam](/source/South_Vietnam)ese were rescued by the [1st Marine Aircraft Wing](/source/1st_Marine_Aircraft_Wing), in Vietnam to fight the [Vietnam War](/source/Vietnam_War).{{cite web|author=unknown|year=2005|title=UNITED STATES NAVAL AVIATION 1910-1995|accessdate=2006-06-05|url=http://www.historycentral.com/Navy/chron/PART10/ipage_3.htm}} ==See also== {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} * [List of Equatorial tropical cyclones](/source/List_of_Equatorial_tropical_cyclones) * [Typhoon Bopha](/source/Typhoon_Bopha) ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Retired Philippine typhoon names}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kate (1970)}} Category:1970 Pacific typhoon season Category:Typhoons in the Philippines Category:Typhoons in Vietnam Typhoon Kate Category:Retired Philippine typhoon names Category:History of Da Nang Category:History of Quảng Nam province --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Typhoon Kate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Kate) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Kate?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.