# Two Centenaries

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The **Two Centenaries** () is a [political slogan](/source/List_of_political_slogans) that refers to two 100-year anniversaries and a stated set of economic and political goals advanced by [General Secretary](/source/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party) [Xi Jinping](/source/Xi_Jinping) following the [18th National Congress](/source/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party) of the [Chinese Communist Party](/source/Chinese_Communist_Party) (CCP) held in 2012. The Chinese government describes the Two Centenaries as the basic foundation for achieving the "[Chinese Dream](/source/Chinese_Dream)".[1][2]

## Background

The "centenaries" refer to two 100-year anniversaries:[1]

1. The [centenary](/source/100th_anniversary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party) of the founding of the CCP in 1921. According to official CCP discourse,[3] a [*Xiaokang* society](/source/Moderately_prosperous_society) will have been achieved at the conclusion of this centenary.[4][5] While "[Xiaokang](/source/Moderately_prosperous_society)" – roughly meaning "moderately well-off" – is an abstract theory rooted in [Confucianism](/source/Confucianism) and socialist ideology, the party has outlined it in terms of doubling of the 2010 per capita income figures.[2]
1. The centenary of the [founding of the People's Republic of China](/source/Proclamation_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China) in 2049, at which point, China will have become a "strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country" according to the *[People's Daily](/source/People's_Daily)*.[6]

## History of the slogan

The concept was first articulated at the [15th Party Congress](/source/15th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party) held in 1997 during the term of then General Secretary [Jiang Zemin](/source/Jiang_Zemin).[7][8] Apart from occasional pronouncements in party publications, this concept was not widely discussed again until Xi assumed the party leadership in 2012. Since then, it has become a major part of party slogans, recited in news reports, at conferences, and training sessions for party officials.[8][4]

According to academic Ding Lu, the "so-called Two Centenary Goals underwrite all China’s long-term economic planning programs and contemporary macroeconomic policy agendas."[3]

China met the first of the two goals, becoming an upper-middle income country and eliminating absolute poverty according to the World Bank criteria.[9]

## Celebratory events

### 100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party (2021)

Main article: [100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party](/source/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party)

A ceremony which marked the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CCP (Chinese: 中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动), or the Centennial of the Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: 中国共产党成立一百周年), took place on 1 July 2021. CCP general secretary Xi Jinping delivered a speech in which he specifically announced the realization of the first goal of the Two Centenaries.[10]

"The Great Journey," an art performance, was also held in prior in the [Beijing National Stadium](/source/Beijing_National_Stadium) to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party on 28 June. It was later broadcast by [China Media Group](/source/China_Media_Group) on the evening of 1 July 2021.[11]

### 100th anniversary of the People's Republic of China (2049)

See also: [National Day of the People's Republic of China](/source/National_Day_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China)

The 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国成立100周年), or the Centennial of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国成立一百周年) is expected to fall on 1 October 2049, the [National Day of the People's Republic of China](/source/National_Day_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China).[6]

## Responses

A columnist for *[The Diplomat](/source/The_Diplomat_(magazine))* suggested that Xi's emphasis on these goals gives objective evaluation criteria for the performance of the CCP and that achieving these goals will be a major test to the legitimacy of CCP rule in the country.[2]

## See also

- [Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party](/source/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party)

## References

1. Danzhi, Yang (2019-05-22), ["Two Centenary Goals"](https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429511622/chapters/10.4324/9780429203039-46), *Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road*, 1 ed., Fang, Cai (ed.), Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, pp. 252–256, [doi:10.4324/9780429203039-46](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203039-46). ISBN 978-0-429-20303-9. [S2CID 198664791](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198664791), [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220519014820/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429203039-46/two-centenary-goals-yang-danzhi) 2022-05-19 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2022-05-19

1. Tiezzi, Shannon (February 13, 2015). ["Why 2020 Is a Make-or-Break Year for China"](https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/why-2020-is-a-make-or-break-year-for-china/). *[The Diplomat](/source/The_Diplomat_(magazine))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220512211556/https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/why-2020-is-a-make-or-break-year-for-china) May 12, 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 18, 2022.

1. Lu, Ding (2020-07-02). "China's tough battles to achieve the centenary goals". *Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies*. **18** (3): 203–207. [doi:10.1080/14765284.2020.1822723](https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2020.1822723). [ISSN 1476-5284](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5284). [S2CID 222348716](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222348716)

1. Thornton, Patricia M. (November 2021). "Party All the Time: The CCP in Comparative and Historical Perspective". *[The China Quarterly](/source/The_China_Quarterly)*. **248** (S1): 1–15. [doi:10.1017/S0305741021000965](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741021000965). [ISSN 0305-7410](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7410). [S2CID 244021734](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244021734)

1. Yi, Zhang (2022-01-02). "From Building a " Xiaokang Society" to Building a "Modern Socialist Country in All Respects"". *Social Sciences in China*. **43** (1): 132–148. [doi:10.1080/02529203.2022.2051890](https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2022.2051890). [ISSN 0252-9203](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0252-9203). [S2CID 247716395](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247716395)

1. [人民日報-兩個一百年](http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2014-05/28/nw.D110000renmrb_20140528_1-01.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150502113010/http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2014-05/28/nw.D110000renmrb_20140528_1-01.htm) 2015-05-02 at the Wayback Machine

1. Lu, Ding (April 2016). "China's "Two Centenary Goals": Progress and Challenge". *East Asian Policy*. **08** (2): 79–93. [doi:10.1142/S1793930516000222](https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793930516000222). [ISSN 1793-9305](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1793-9305)

1. ["图解"两个一百年"奋斗目标 (/ 1)"](http://news.china.com.cn/2015-04/01/content_35217372.htm). *[China Internet Information Center](/source/China_Internet_Information_Center)*. April 1, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170512104304/http://news.china.com.cn/2015-04/01/content_35217372.htm) May 12, 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 18, 2022.

1. Ji, Fengyuan (2025). "Language, Discourse, and Hegemony". *The Communist Party of China: Understanding the Durability of the World's Most Powerful Political Organization*. Hillman, Ben & Ji, Fengyuan (eds.). New York: [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press). [doi:10.1017/9781009668385](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009668385). ISBN 978-1-009-66843-9.

1. ["習近平：實現了首個百年奮鬥目標 全面建成小康社會"](https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1598607-20210701.htm?) (in zh-tw). *[RTHK](/source/RTHK)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210701060844/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1598607-20210701.htm) 2021-07-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-07-02.

1. ["China holds art performance to celebrate CPC centenary"](http://en.moj.gov.cn/2021-07/02/c_638782.htm). [Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China](/source/Ministry_of_Justice_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China). Xinhua/China Daily. 2 July 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220417112147/http://en.moj.gov.cn/2021-07/02/c_638782.htm) 17 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

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