# Tutuala

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tutuala
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tutuala.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuala
> Source revision: 1328728635
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{About|the village|the [administrative post](/source/Administrative_posts_of_Timor-Leste)|Tutuala Administrative Post}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Tutuala
|native_name            = 
|settlement_type        = Suco and town
|image_skyline          = Tutuala 13-12.jpg
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = Village of Tutuala
|pushpin_map            = Timor-Leste
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Timor-Leste
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Timor-Leste}}
|subdivision_type1      = [District](/source/Districts_of_Timor-Leste)
|subdivision_name1      = [Lautém District](/source/Laut%C3%A9m_District)
|subdivision_type2      = [Subdistrict](/source/Subdistricts_of_Timor-Leste)
|subdivision_name2      = Tutuala
|subdivision_type3      = [Suco](/source/Sucos_of_Timor-Leste)
|subdivision_name3      = Tutuala
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      = 
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|area_total_km2         = 
|population_as_of       = 2004
|population_footnotes   = 
|population_total       = 3,707
|population_density_km2 = 
|timezone               = Timor-Leste Standard Time
|utc_offset             = +9
|coordinates            = {{coord|8|23|34.44|S|127|15|24.12|E|region:TL|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    = 
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           = 
|blank_name             = [Climate](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification)
|blank_info             = [Aw](/source/Tropical_savanna_climate)
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}

'''Tutuala''' is a village and [suco](/source/Sucos_of_Timor-Leste) in the [subdistrict](/source/subdistricts_of_Timor-Leste) of [Tutuala](/source/Tutuala_Subdistrict) in [Lautém District](/source/Laut%C3%A9m_District), [Timor-Leste](/source/Timor-Leste). It is situated at the extreme eastern end of [Timor](/source/Timor).{{sfn|Lonely Planet|2004|p=81}} Its population at the 2004 census was 3,707. The subdistrict of Tutuala comprises two sucos, including Mehara and Tutuala with the subdistrict administrator residing in Tutuala. The suco of Tutuala comprised four hamlets (aldeia): Ioro, Pitileti, Tchailoro, and Vero.{{sfn|Jornal da Républica|2009|p=3611}} The main [Fataluku language](/source/Fataluku_language) areas of the country are in Tutuala, as well as Lautem and [Fuiloro](/source/Fuiloro).{{sfn|McWilliam|Traube|2011|p=64}}

==History==
{{multiple image
  |direction = vertical
  |align     = left
  |width     = 150
  |footer    = 
  |image2    = 2015 Tutuala Verwaltungsamt.png
  |alt2      = 
  |caption2  = Map of Tutuala administrative post
  |image1    = Historische Staetten um Tutuala.png
  |alt1      = 
  |caption1  = Historical places around Tutuala<br />(red: villages;<br />grey: caves;<br />blue: fortifications){{sfn|Lape|2006}}
}}
In Tutuala, 24 clans or ''ratu'' have been identified.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} {{Incomprehensible span|text=Tutuala were the [native](/source/Indigenous_peoples) ''ratu'' in the village. Senior people in the ''ratu'' are considered as the "Lord of the Land" (''Mua Occawa'') of the region.|date=January 2022}}{{Sfn|Miksic|Goh|O'Connor|2011|p=42}} According to local tradition, the Tutuala ratu and Kati ratu clans originally spoke the [Makuva language](/source/Makuva_language).{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} All other clans in the district originated from outside Timor, bringing their own language with them during their migration.{{sfn|Sarmento|2010|p=243}} One clan has been identified as originating from southeastern [Maluku](/source/Maluku_Islands).{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

Until [World War II](/source/World_War_II), the Lata people were settled in ancestral homes inside the forests, dependent upon the forests for their livelihoods. Many villages settled along the edges of the road or along the coast date to the period of Portuguese occupation, and after 1945 during the Indonesian occupation. Forested uplands in the Tutuala area were inhabited by the ''ratu'' or "clan groups" which included the walled and open settlements of ''Lata'' and also caves (''veraka'') which housed ancestral figures.{{Sfn|McWilliam|Traube|2011|p=226}} According to Timorese legend, Fataluku people believe that "[Jaco Island](/source/Jaco_Island) (Totina), near Titula, is identified by Fatalaku people as "the head of the land", while the rest of the island constitutions the body".{{Sfn|Miksic|Goh|O'Connor|2011|p=42}}

==Geography==
Tutuala is situated at the eastern end of Timor, {{convert|31|km}} northeast of [Lospalos](/source/Lospalos). Tutuala is bordered to the north by the [Banda Sea](/source/Banda_Sea), to the southeast by the [Timor Sea](/source/Timor_Sea) and to the west by the ''suco'' of Mehara. The settlement of Muapitine is separated from Tutuala by the Vekase River.{{sfn|Reuter|Reuter|2006|p=274}} The road to Tutuala passes along the northern periphery of Lake [Ira Lalaro](/source/Ira_Lalaro) and passes through the village of Mehara where Falalaku-style houses can be seen. During the rainy season this stretch of road is prone to flooding from rising lake waters.{{sfn|Lonely Planet|2004|pp=81–82}}

[Valu Beach](/source/Valu_Beach), which is {{convert|8|km}} from the village, has fine white sand. Jaco Island, which also has fine beaches and is noted for its colourful [anemone fish](/source/anemone_fish) and sea [turtle](/source/turtle)s, is separated from Valu Beach by a narrow strait.{{sfn|Lonely Planet|2004|pp=82–83}}

Tutuala is situated within the [Nino Konis Santana National Park](/source/Nino_Konis_Santana_National_Park). Geographic features of importance include Lake Ira Lalaro and Mount [Paitchau](/source/Paitchau), as well as the caves of Léné Ara, Ile Kére Kére and O Hi.{{sfn|European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. International Conference|2006|p=89}}{{sfn|Lonely Planet|2004|p=81}}

===Climate===
<div style="width:100%;">
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|location =Tutuala (Average monthly temperature and precipitation)
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 30
|Feb high C  =30
|Mar high C = 31
|Apr high C = 32
|May high C = 32
|Jun high C = 32
|Jul high C = 32
|Aug high C = 33
|Sep high C = 33
|Oct high C = 32
|Nov high C = 31
|Dec high C = 31
|year high C = 33
|Jan low C = 23
|Feb low C = 23
|Mar low C = 23
|Apr low C = 24
|May low C = 24
|Jun low C = 24
|Jul low C = 24
|Aug low C = 24
|Sep low C = 24
|Oct low C = 24
|Nov low C = 24
|Dec low C = 24
|year low C = 23
|Jan precipitation mm = 511.8
|Feb precipitation mm =446.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 336.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 210.8
|May precipitation mm = 238.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 175.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 182.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 160.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 170.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 186.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 324.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 413.6
|year precipitation mm = 
|source 1={{sfn|Worldweather online}}
}}
</div>

==Archaeology==
{{multiple image
  |direction = vertical
  |align     = right
  |width     = 200
  |footer    = 
  |image1    = Ile Kére Kére02.jpg
  |alt1      = 
  |caption1  = Rock painting in [Ile Kére Kére](/source/Ile_K%C3%A9re_K%C3%A9re)
  |image2    = Lene Hara 6.jpg
  |alt2      = 
  |caption2  = Rock painting in [Lene Hara](/source/Lene_Hara) cave
}}
The caves of Ile Kére Kére were excavated in 1966–1967, and numerous items such as stone tools and the bones of giant rats were unearthed, and some of the archaeological finds in the nearby caves of Lene Hara are carbon dated to 30,000 years ago. The caves also had cave paintings. Guerrilla fighters used these caves as hiding places during wartime.{{sfn|Lonely Planet|2004|p=82}} Excavations at the Lene Hara cave established occupation at least 30,000-35,000 years ago. Marine shells and stone artifacts have been dated to the [Middle Paleolithic](/source/Middle_Paleolithic) through [Mesolithic](/source/Mesolithic) era. The site is a raised limestone terrace situated {{convert|1|km}} from the coast. In addition to artifact, painted rock art was also recorded at Lene Hara, in roof panels and stalagmite formations.{{sfn|O'Connor|Spriggs|Veth|2002}} The rock shelter site, [Jerimalai](/source/Jerimalai), also located at the tip of the island, was occupied over 42,000 years ago; inhabitants, who left behind stone tools and shells, were noted to have eaten turtles, tuna, and rats.{{sfn|Smith|2006}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:ETimor2006-0014.JPG|Rice field in Mehara
File:As casas elevadas da Ponta Leste--2.jpg|Holy houses and meeting hall in Ioro, 1970
File:Lake Ira Lalaro floodplain and surrounding area.jpg|Lake [Ira Lalaro](/source/Ira_Lalaro) floodplain and surrounding area
File:Jaco 3.jpg|View from [Jaco Island](/source/Jaco_Island)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Beach ahead Jaco.jpg|Tutuala beach, in front of Jaco island
File:Tutuala 13-16.jpg|Church in Tutuala
File:A pousada de Tutuala.jpg|''Pousada'' (hotel) in Tutuala, former seat of the colonial administrator
File:Tutuala 13-15.jpg|Graffiti in Tutuala, saying "murderer" in memory of the massacre by pro-Indonesian guerrilla forces, 1999 
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|author=European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. International Conference|title=Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists : the British Museum, London, 14th-17th September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xVZbxWNo40C&pg=PA89|date=1 January 2006|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-351-0}} 
*{{cite journal|last=Lape|first=Peter V.|year=2006|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/plape/pubs/Lape%20JICA%20article-final.pdf|title=Chronology of Fortified Settlements in East Timor|journal=Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology|volume=1 |number=1|pages=285–297|doi=10.1080/15564890600939409|s2cid=53343024 }}
*{{cite magazine|url=http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf|magazine=Jornal da Républica|date=16 September 2009|number=199/09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2010|title=Diploma Ministerial No:199/GM/MAEOT/IX/09 de 15 de Setembro de 2009|language=pt|location=Timor-Leste|ref={{SfnRef|Jornal da Républica|2009}} }}
*{{cite book|author=Lonely Planet|title=East Timor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SoIjzSgqGscC&pg=PA81|year=2004|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-644-2}} 
*{{cite book|author1-link=John N. Miksic|last1=Miksic|first1=John N.|last2=Goh|first2=Geok Yian|last3=O'Connor|first3=Sue|title=Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia: Preservation, Development, and Neglect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJy2GXNxaxQC&pg=PA42|year=2011|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-0-85728-389-4}}
*{{cite journal|last1=O'Connor|first1=Sue |last2=Spriggs |first2=Matthew |last3=Veth |first3=Peter|title=Excavation at Lene Hara Cave establishes occupation in East Timor at least 30,000-35,000 years ago|journal=Antiquity|date=March 2002|volume=76|series=291|issue=291 |pages=47|doi=10.1017/S0003598X0008978X |s2cid=163141684 }}
*{{cite book|last1=McWilliam|first1=Andrew|last2=Traube|first2=Elizabeth G.|title=Land and Life in Timor-Leste: Ethnographic Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVK7xSYvrPMC&pg=PA221|year=2011|publisher=ANU E Press|isbn=978-1-921862-60-1}}
*{{cite book|last1=Reuter|first1=Thomas|last2=Reuter|first2=Thomas Anton|title=Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land: Land and Territory in the Austronesian World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y43gLk8IyeEC&pg=PA274|year=2006|publisher=ANU E Press|isbn=978-1-920942-70-0}} 
*{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=Clara|title=From here to diversity: globalization and intercultural dialogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VoiAQAAMAAJ|date=1 October 2010|publisher=Cambridge Scholars|isbn=978-1-4438-2366-1}}
*{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Deborah|title=Timor cave may reveal how humans reached Australia|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/timor-cave-may-reveal-how-humans-reached-australia/2006/12/21/1166290679167.html|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=The Age|date=22 December 2006}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Tutuala-weather-averages/Nusa-Tenggara-Timur/ID.aspx|title=Tutuala Weather, Indonesia Weather Averages|access-date=12 August 2013|publisher=Worldweather online|ref={{SfnRef|Worldweather online}} }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.statoids.com/ytl.html Statoids.com]

Category:Populated places in Timor-Leste
Category:Lautém Municipality

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tutuala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuala) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuala?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.