# Turco Municipality > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Turco_Municipality > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Turco_Municipality.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco_Municipality > Source revision: 1349951797 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Turco Municipality** is the second [municipal section](/source/Municipalities_of_Bolivia) of the [Sajama Province](/source/Sajama_Province) in the [Oruro Department](/source/Oruro_Department) in [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), and was founded on February 15, 1957.[1] Its seat is Turco, situated 154 km west of [Oruro](/source/Oruro,_Bolivia) at an altitude of 3,860 m. The municipality covers an area of 3,973 km², not taking into account the area of Laca Laca Canton.[1][2] It is bordered to the north by the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality and [San Pedro de Totora Province](/source/San_Pedro_de_Totora_Province), to the south by the [Litoral](/source/Litoral_Province_(Bolivia)) and [Sabaya](/source/Sabaya_Province) Provinces, to the west by [Chile](/source/Chile) and to the east by the [Carangas Province](/source/Carangas_Province) (Qhurqhi (Corque) and Chuqi Quta (Choquecota) Municipalities). ## Geography The most important rivers are Sajama, Cosapa, Lauca, K'uwiri and Qullpa Jawira (also named *río Turco*, Turco River) . A couple of volcanoes and mountains of the [Bolivian Western Mountain Range](/source/Cordillera_Occidental_(Bolivia)) like [Uqi Uqini](/source/Uqi_Uqini) and the volcanic complex of [Kimsa Chata](/source/Kimsa_Chata_(Bolivia-Chile)), a group of three mountains named [Umurata](/source/Umurata), [Acotango](/source/Acotango) and Capurata in the west of the municipality are making up the natural border of Turco Municipality with Chile. Other mountains are listed below:[3] - [Ari Qullu Phujru](/source/Ari_Qullu_Phujru) - [Asu Asuni](/source/Asu_Asuni) - [Chachakumani](/source/Chachakumani_(Oruro)) - [Chilli Qhata](/source/Chilli_Qhata) - [Chullkani](/source/Chullkani) - [Chunkarani](/source/Chunkarani) - [Chuqil Qamiri](/source/Chuqil_Qamiri) - [Ch'alla Willk'i](/source/Ch'alla_Willk'i_(Oruro)) - [Ch'iyar Jaqhi](/source/Ch'iyar_Jaqhi_(Sajama)) - [Ch'iyar Jaqhi](/source/Ch'iyar_Jaqhi_(Turco)) (near Qhapaqa) - [Ch'iyar Jaqhi](/source/Ch'iyar_Jaqhi_(Umurata)) (Umurata) - Ch'iyar Qullu - [Jach'a K'uchu](/source/Jach'a_K'uchu_(Bolivia)) - [Jach'a Qullu](/source/Jach'a_Qullu_(Oruro)) - [Janq'u Jaqhi](/source/Janq'u_Jaqhi_(Oruro)) - [Janq'u Willk'i](/source/Janq'u_Willk'i_(Sajama)) - [Kimsa Chata (Sajama)](/source/Kimsa_Chata_(Sajama)) - [Kimsa Misa](/source/Kimsa_Misa) - [Kiswara](/source/Kiswara_(Bolivia)) - [Kuntur Ikiña](/source/Kuntur_Iki%C3%B1a_(Sajama)) - [Liyun Ikiña](/source/Liyun_Iki%C3%B1a) - Mamaniri - [Ñuñu Qullu](/source/%C3%91u%C3%B1u_Qullu_(Sajama)) - Ñuñutani - Picha Qullu - [Pichaqani](/source/Pichaqani_(Sajama)) - [Pukarani](/source/Pukarani_(Bolivia)) - Phaq'u Qullu - [Phasa Willk'i](/source/Phasa_Willk'i) - [Q'ara Qullu](/source/Q'ara_Qullu_(Sajama)) - [Q'aysiri](/source/Q'aysiri) - [Q'ulin Ch'utu](/source/Kusin_Ch'utu) - [Qhapaqa](/source/Qhapaqa) - [Salla Qullu](/source/Salla_Qullu) - [Tankani](/source/Tankani_(Bolivia)) - [Taypi Qullu](/source/Taypi_Qullu_(Sajama)) - [Taypi Qullu](/source/Taypi_Qullu_(Turco)) (near Junt'u Uta) - Titiri - [Turi Turini](/source/Turi_Turini_(Oruro)) - [Uqi Uqini](/source/Uqi_Uqini) - [Uqi Uqini](/source/Uqi_Uqini_(Bolivia)) (Bolivia) - [Uyarani](/source/Uyarani) - [Wankarani](/source/Wankarani_(Bolivia)) - Warin Uma - Waylla Sirka - [Wayna Chullunkhäni](/source/Wayna_Chullunkh%C3%A4ni) - [Wayna](/source/Wayna_Potos%C3%AD_(Oruro)) - [Wichhu Qullu](/source/Wichhu_Qullu_(Sajama)) - Wila Lat'arata - [Wila Qullu (Qutallani)](/source/Wila_Qullu_(Qutallani)) - [Wila Qullu (Turco)](/source/Wila_Qullu_(Turco)) - [Willk'i](/source/Willk'i) - [Yapu Qullu](/source/Yapu_Qullu_(Sajama)) - [Yaritani](/source/Yaritani) ## Subdivision The municipality is divided into four [cantons](/source/Cantons_of_Bolivia) and nine [ayllus](/source/Ayllu). Canton Created [1] Inhabitants (2001) [4] Asunción Laca Laca December 21, 1962 342 Chachakumani August 30, 1957 374 Cosapa November 11, 1950 918 Turco July 27, 1951 2,526 ## Flora and fauna Part of Cosapa Canton is situated within [Sajama National Park](/source/Sajama_National_Park).[5] This park was created to conserve the rare woods of the queñua species *[Polylepis tarapacana](/source/Polylepis_tarapacana)* and to protect species of wild flora and fauna like [yareta](/source/Yareta) *(Azorella compacta)*, [Andean hairy armadillo](/source/Andean_hairy_armadillo) *(Chaetophractus nationi)*, [Darwin's rhea](/source/Darwin's_rhea) *(Pterocnemia pennata)*, [vicuña](/source/Vicu%C3%B1a) *(Vicugna vicugna)*, [taruca](/source/Taruca) *(Hippocamelus antisensis)*, [Andean mountain cat](/source/Andean_mountain_cat) *(Felis jacobita)* and [cougar](/source/Cougar) or puma *(Felis concolor)*, all of them occurring in the municipality,[1] as well as their [habitat](/source/Habitat). The region has a rich diversity of native plants which are both useful for the inhabitants and the animals. The most important species are:[1] Common name Scientific name Usability Añawaya Adesmia spinosissima forage for llamas Waylla Stipa obtusa forage for llamas Ichu Stipa ichu forage, handicraft Iru ichu Festuca orthophylla forage, handicraft Qanlli kiska Tetraglochin cristatum forage Chillka Senecio pampae forage, medical plant Yarita, yareta Azorella asorella medical plant, heating material Tara tara Fabiana densa medical plant, heating material Ñaka thula Baccharis incarum medical plant, heating material Supu thula Parastrephya lepidophylla medical plant, heating material Ayrampu Opuntia soehrensii / Tunilla soehrensii medical plant, forage Muña muña Satureja ovata medical plant, forage Itapallu Cajophora horrida medical plant, forage Kinwa, queñua Polylepis tarapacana forage, heating material, ornamental Chachakuma Escallonia resinosa medical plant Llapa, pasto bandera Boutelova simplex forage Yawarilla, cebadilla común Bromus unioloides forage Cebadilla de montaña Agrostis breviculmis forage Chiji blanco Distichlis humilis forage Chiji negro Mulenbergia fastigiata forage Garbancillo Astragalus garbancillo toxic Lampaya Lampaya medicinalis medical plant, forage, heating material Qura Cajophora horrida forage K’achu Anoda triangularis forage ## The people Most of the people in the municipality are of [Aymara](/source/Aymara_people) descent known as Carangas. They are mostly bilingual. According to census 2001 the main languages spoken are [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language) (3,544 speakers) and [Aymara](/source/Aymara_language) (3,259 speakers).[4] ## Transport The international transit road from Oruro to Chile crosses Turco Municipality leading to [Tambo Quemado](/source/Tambo_Quemado) situated in the Chachacomani Canton in the north-western part of the municipality [1][6] at the border between Chile and Bolivia. ## See also - [Ch'ankha Muqu](/source/Ch'ankha_Muqu) ## References 1. [Plan de desarollo municipal Municipio de Turco](http://www.apemin.eu/PDM/PDMTURCO.pdf) (Spanish) 1. The data of the area of Laca Laca Canton were erroneously added to the Choquecota Municipality during the census of 2001. 1. Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 Chachacomani Hoja 5838-IV, Cerro Uyarani Hoja 5838-I, Estancia Antin Curahuara 5939-III, Estancia Agua Rica Hoja 5839-II, Estancia Laguna 5839-III, Estancia Marcarani 5939-IV, Estancia Miraflores 5838-II, Nevado Quimsachata Hoja 5738-I 1. [Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Bolivia (INE)](http://www.ine.gob.bo) (Spanish) 1. [Mireya Muñoz, El Parque Nacional Sajama: Un caso de paisaje cultural en el altiplano de Bolivia](http://www.condesan.org/unesco/Cap%2016%20MIREYA%20SAJAMAColca.pdf) p. 194 1. In the map below Tambo Quemado erroneously is shown as part of Lagunas Canton in the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality (Sajama Province), but actually belongs to Turco Municipality. ## External links - [Turco Municipality: population data and map](http://www.ine.gob.bo/publicaciones/visorPdf.aspx?Codigo=040402&tipo=1) (not showing Asunción Laca Laca Canton) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Turco Municipality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco_Municipality) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco_Municipality?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.