# Trypoxylon

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{{Short description|Genus of wasps}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Crabronidae - Trypoxylon sp.JPG
| image_caption = ''Trypoxylon'' species
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Trypoxylon
| authority = [Latreille](/source/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille), 1796
}}
thumb|''Trypoxylon collinum'' pupa
[[File:Trypoxylon collinum adult.jpg|thumb|''[Trypoxylon collinum](/source/Trypoxylon_collinum)'' adult]]

'''''Trypoxylon''''' is a genus of wasps in the family [Crabronidae](/source/Crabronidae). All ''Trypoxylon'' species that have been studied so far are active hunters of [spiders](/source/spiders), which they paralyse with a venomous sting, to provide as food to their developing larvae.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Camillo|first=Evandro|last2=Brescovit|first2=Antonio D.|date=June 1999|title=Aspectos biológicos de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure e Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi Kohl (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) em ninhos-armadilhas, com especial referência a suas presas|journal=Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil|volume=28|issue=2|pages=251–265|doi=10.1590/S0301-80591999000200008|issn=0301-8059|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fox|first=Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson|last2=Solis|first2=Daniel Russ|last3=Rossi|first3=Mônica Lanzoni|last4=Feitosa|first4=Rodrigo Machado|last5=Brescovit|first5=Antonio Domingos|date=2012-03-30|title=The larval morphology and nest habits of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi Kohl 1884 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3251|issue=1|pages=47|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3251.1.3|issn=1175-5334|hdl=11449/733|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Depending on the species, they will either construct their own nest from mud or find cavities that already exist.<ref>[https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/9997/element/7/0/crabronidae/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research]</ref> These cavities can range from keyholes to nail holes to previously abandoned nests, and are generally sealed with mud to create cells for their larvae. {{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

==Worldwide distribution==
The 634 species in this most speciose genus are found [worldwide](/source/Cosmopolitan_distribution) being represented in the [Palearctic](/source/Palearctic), [Nearctic](/source/Nearctic), [Afrotropic](/source/Afrotropical_realm) (largest number of species in the [Old World](/source/Old_World)), [Neotropic](/source/Neotropical_realm) (highest number of species), [Australasia](/source/Australasian_realm) (poorly represented) and [Indomalayan realm](/source/Indomalayan_realm). 
<ref>[http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/entomology/entomology_resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Genera/Trypoxylon.pdf California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity pdf]</ref>

==Selected species==
Main article: [List of ''Trypoxylon'' species](/source/List_of_Trypoxylon_species)

Below is a list of selected species of ''Trypoxylon'':<ref>[Fauna Europaea](/source/Fauna_Europaea)</ref><ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Trypoxylon/fossil/0/match/1 Catalogue of life]</ref>
*''[Trypoxylon abditum](/source/Trypoxylon_abditum)'' <small>Arnold, 1924</small>
*''[Trypoxylon acutangulum](/source/Trypoxylon_acutangulum)'' <small>Arnold, 1951</small>
*''[Trypoxylon aegyptum](/source/Trypoxylon_aegyptum)'' <small>Kohl, 1906</small>
*''[Trypoxylon albipes](/source/Trypoxylon_albipes)'' <small>F. Smith, 1856</small>
*''[Trypoxylon attenuatum](/source/Trypoxylon_attenuatum)'' <small>F. Smith, 1851</small>
*''[Trypoxylon beaumonti](/source/Trypoxylon_beaumonti)'' <small>Antropov, 1991</small>
*''[Trypoxylon calvatum](/source/Trypoxylon_clavatum)'' <small>Say, 1837</small>
*''[Trypoxylon clavicerum](/source/Trypoxylon_clavicerum)'' <small>Lepeletier & Serville, 1828</small>
*''[Trypoxylon collinum](/source/Trypoxylon_collinum)'' <small>F. Smith, 1856</small>
*''[Trypoxylon deceptorium](/source/Trypoxylon_deceptorium)'' <small>Antropov, 1991</small>
*''[Trypoxylon figulus](/source/Trypoxylon_figulus)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
*''[Trypoxylon frigidum](/source/Trypoxylon_frigidum)'' <small>F. Smith, 1856</small>
*''[Trypoxylon fronticorne](/source/Trypoxylon_fronticorne)'' <small>Gussakowskij, 1936</small>
*''[Trypoxylon kolazyi](/source/Trypoxylon_kolazyi)'' <small>Kohl, 1893</small>
*''[Trypoxylon kostylevi](/source/Trypoxylon_kostylevi)'' <small>Antropov, 1985</small>
*''[Trypoxylon lactitarse](/source/Trypoxylon_lactitarse)'' <small>Saussure, 1842</small>
*''[Trypoxylon latilobatum](/source/Trypoxylon_latilobatum)'' <small>Antropov, 1991</small>
*''[Trypoxylon medium](/source/Trypoxylon_medium)'' <small>Beaumont, 1945</small>
*''[Trypoxylon megriense](/source/Trypoxylon_megriense)'' <small>Antropov, 1985</small>
*''[Trypoxylon minus](/source/Trypoxylon_minus)'' <small>Beaumont, 1945</small>
*''[Trypoxylon politum](/source/Trypoxylon_politum)'' <small>Drury, 1773</small>
*''[Trypoxylon rogenhoferi](/source/Trypoxylon_rogenhoferi)'' <small>Kohl, 1884</small>
*''[Trypoxylon rubiginosum](/source/Trypoxylon_rubiginosum)'' <small>Gussakowskij, 1936</small>
*''[Trypoxylon scutatum](/source/Trypoxylon_scutatum)'' <small>Chevrier, 1867</small>
*''[Trypoxylon syriacum](/source/Trypoxylon_syriacum)'' <small>Mercet, 1906</small>

==Bibliography==
*Bohart, R. M. & Menke, A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision. — Berkeley: Univ. California Press. — ix. 695 pp.
*Tsuneki, K. 1977. Some ''Trypoxylon'' species from the southwestern Pacific (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 6: 20 pp.
*Tsuneki, K. 1978. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) I. Group of ''Trypoxylon scutatum'' Chevrier with some species from Madagascar and the adjacent islands. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 7: 87 pp.
*Tsuneki, K. 1979. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). III. Species from the Indian subcontinent including southeast Asia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 9: 178 pp.
*Tsuneki, K. 1981. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera Sphecidae) VIII. Species from New Guinea and South Pacific Islands. IX. Species from Australia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 14: 106 pp.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
*[http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=91070 ''Trypoxylon'' images] at [Consortium for the Barcode of Life](/source/Consortium_for_the_Barcode_of_Life)
*[http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/entomology/entomology_resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Genera/  Catalog of Sphecidae California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2456838}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Crabronidae
Category:Hymenoptera of North America
Category:Apoidea genera
Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Trypoxylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypoxylon) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypoxylon?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.