# Trustworthy computing > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Trustworthy_computing > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Trustworthy_computing.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustworthy_computing > Source revision: 1296500781 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Computing systems that are inherently secure, available, and reliable}} {{Distinguish|Trusted Computing}} The term '''trustworthy computing''' ('''TwC''') has been applied to computing systems that are inherently [secure](/source/computer_security), available, and reliable. It is particularly associated with the [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) initiative of the same name, launched in 2002. == History == Until 1995, there were restrictions on commercial traffic over the [Internet](/source/Internet).{{Cite book | title= OGC-00-33R Department of Commerce: Relationship with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers | publisher= [Government Accountability Office](/source/Government_Accountability_Office) | date= July 7, 2000 | page= 6 | url= http://www.gao.gov/new.items/og00033r.pdf | access-date= June 25, 2015 | archive-date= June 15, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615020451/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/og00033r.pdf | url-status= live }}[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/recordDetails.jsp?ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED350986&searchtype=keyword&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&accno=ED350986&_nfls=false Management of NSFNET] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728150959/http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/recordDetails.jsp?ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED350986&searchtype=keyword&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&accno=ED350986&_nfls=false |date=2013-07-28 }}, a transcript of the March 12, 1992 hearing before the Subcommittee on Science of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, Hon. [Rick Boucher](/source/Rick_Boucher), subcommittee chairman, presiding.{{cite journal |url=http://merit.edu/research/nsfnet_article.php |title=Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era |author1=Susan R. Harris |author2=Elise Gerich |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317104627/http://www.merit.edu/research/nsfnet_article.php |archivedate=2015-03-17 |work=ConneXions |volume=10 |number=4 |date=April 1996}}{{cite web | url= http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html | title= A Brief History of the Internet | access-date= 2015-06-25 | archive-date= 2015-08-11 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150811053448/http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html | url-status= live }} On, May 26, 1995, Bill Gates sent the "Internet Tidal Wave" memorandum to Microsoft executives assigning ''"...the Internet this highest level of importance..."''Gates, Bill – [http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/exhibits/20.pdf The Internet Tidal Wave] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715180813/http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/exhibits/20.pdf |date=2009-07-15 }}. Microsoft, May 26, 1995. Made publicly available at United States Department of Justice. United States v. Microsoft Trial Exhibits. but Microsoft's [Windows 95](/source/Windows_95) was released without a [web browser](/source/web_browser) as Microsoft had not yet developed one. The success of the web had caught them by surprise{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx|title=Microsoft – The History of Internet Explorer|website=[Microsoft](/source/Microsoft)|accessdate=2007-02-06|archive-date=2005-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001113951/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx|url-status=live}} but by mid 1995, they were testing their own web server,[http://www.microsoft.com/misc/features/features_flshbk.htm "A Brief History of Microsoft on the Web"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514174242/http://www.microsoft.com/misc/features/features_flshbk.htm |date=2008-05-14 }}, Dave Cramer, Microsoft.com. and on August 24, 1995, launched a major [online service](/source/online_service), [The Microsoft Network (MSN)](/source/MSN_Dial-Up_Internet_Access).{{cite web | url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/nov02/11-08MSN8GlobalTimeLine.mspx | title=MSN Historical Time line | website=[Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) | accessdate=2006-07-03 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050618082125/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/nov02/11-08MSN8GlobalTimeLine.mspx | archivedate=2005-06-18}} The [National Research Council](/source/United_States_National_Research_Council) recognized that the rise of the Internet simultaneously increased societal reliance on computer systems while increasing the vulnerability of such systems to failure and produced an important report in 1999, "Trust in Cyberspace".[http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/1998/proceedings/panelF1.pdf "Trust in Cyberspace"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102252/http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/1998/proceedings/panelF1.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, 1999, final report of the "Committee on Information System Trustworthiness". This report reviews the cost of un-trustworthy systems and identifies actions required for improvement. == Microsoft and Trustworthy Computing == [Bill Gates](/source/Bill_Gates) launched Microsoft's "Trustworthy Computing" initiative with a January 15, 2002 memo,[http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49826 ''"Subject: Trustworthy computing"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626172158/http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49826 |date=2015-06-26 }}, From: Bill Gates Sent: Tuesday, January 15, 2002, wired.com. referencing an internal whitepaper by Microsoft CTO and Senior Vice President [Craig Mundie](/source/Craig_Mundie).[http://download.microsoft.com/documents/australia/about/trustworthy_comp.doc "Trustworthy Computing, Microsoft White Paper"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626122214/http://download.microsoft.com/documents/australia/about/trustworthy_comp.doc |date=2015-06-26 }}, (revised October 2002 version), Microsoft.com. The move was reportedly prompted by the fact that they ''"...had been under fire from some of its larger customers–government agencies, financial companies and others–about the security problems in Windows, issues that were being brought front and center by a series of self-replicating worms and embarrassing attacks."''[https://threatpost.com/era-ends-with-break-up-of-trustworthy-computing-group-at-microsoft/108404 "Era Ends With Break Up of Trustworthy Computing Group at Microsoft"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626152000/https://threatpost.com/era-ends-with-break-up-of-trustworthy-computing-group-at-microsoft/108404 |date=2015-06-26 }}, September 19, 2014, Dennis Fisher, Threatpost.com. such as [Code Red](/source/Code_Red_(computer_worm)), [Nimda](/source/Nimda), [Klez](/source/Klez) and [Slammer](/source/SQL_Slammer). Four areas were identified as the initiative's key areas: Security, Privacy, Reliability, and Business Integrity, and despite some initial scepticism, at its 10-year anniversary it was generally accepted as having ''"...made a positive impact on the industry..."''.[http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2012/01/15/trustworthy_computing_memo/ "10 years ago today: Bill Gates kicks arse over security"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626130644/http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2012/01/15/trustworthy_computing_memo/ |date=2015-06-26 }}, January 15, 2012, John Leyden, The Register.{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tonybradley/2014/03/05/the-business-world-owes-a-lot-to-microsoft-trustworthy-computing/ |title=The Business World Owes A Lot To Microsoft Trustworthy Computing |date=March 5, 2014 |author=Tony Bradley |website=Forbes.com |access-date=December 2, 2017 |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729210347/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tonybradley/2014/03/05/the-business-world-owes-a-lot-to-microsoft-trustworthy-computing/ |url-status=live }} The Trustworthy Computing campaign was the main reason why [Easter eggs](/source/Easter_egg_(media)) disappeared from [Windows](/source/Microsoft_Windows), [Office](/source/Microsoft_Office) and other Microsoft products.{{cite web |last1=Osterman [MSFT] |first1=Larry |title=Why no Easter Eggs? – Larry Osterman's WebLog |url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/larryosterman/2005/10/21/why-no-easter-eggs/ |website=blogs.msdn.microsoft.com|date=21 October 2005 }} == See also == * [Security Development Lifecycle](/source/Security_Development_Lifecycle) == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051025151904/https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/home Trusted Computing Group] *[http://www.wave.com Wave Systems Corp.] Managing Trusted Computing Platforms (TPM) *[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=945124&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=54265911&CFTOKEN=6787 The Age of Corporate Open Source Enlightenment], Paul Ferris, ACM Press *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110517025956/http://liedra.net/misc/Controversy_Over_Trusted_Computing.pdf The Controversy over Trusted Computing], Catherine Flick, University of Sydney *[https://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,49826,00.html Email from Bill Gates to Microsoft Employees], Wired News, January, 2002 *[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/trust/ Trust in Cyberspace], Committee on Information Systems Trustworthiness *[http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/twc/default.mspx Trustworthy Computing], Microsoft *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060509055122/http://download.microsoft.com/download/a/f/2/af22fd56-7f19-47aa-8167-4b1d73cd3c57/twc_mundie.doc Trustworthy Computing], Craig Mundie, Microsoft Category:Computer security Category:Information technology management Category:Microsoft initiatives Category:Cybersecurity engineering --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Trustworthy computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustworthy_computing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustworthy_computing?action=history)). 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