# Trite simoni

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***Trite simoni*** is a [species](/source/Species) of [jumping spider](/source/Jumping_spider) in the [genus](/source/Genus) *[Trite](/source/Trite)* that lives in [New Caledonia](/source/New_Caledonia). It lives in forests of *[Araucaria](/source/Araucaria)* trees. It is a small spider, with a forward section or [cephalothorax](/source/Cephalothorax) that ranges in length between 2.06 and 2.23 mm (0.08 and 0.09 in) and, behind it, an [abdomen](/source/Opisthosoma) that is between 2.32 and 2.67 mm (0.09 and 0.11 in) in length. Its [carapace](/source/Carapace), the top of its cephalothorax, is dark brown with black areas around its [eyes](/source/Spider_vision). Underneath, it is greyish-brown, Its abdomen has a whitish or whitish-grey pattern. Its back tooth has five [cusps](/source/Cusp_(anatomy)). It can be most easily distinguished from other species in the genus by its [copulatory organs](/source/Spider_anatomy#Reproductive_system), particularly the wing-shaped margins around the depressions on the female's [epigyne](/source/Epigyne) and the shape of the male's [tegulum](/source/Tegulum). The species was first [described](/source/Species_description) in 2014.

## Taxonomy

*Trite simoni* is a [species](/source/Species) of [jumping spider](/source/Jumping_spider), a member of the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Salticidae](/source/Salticidae), that was first [described](/source/Species_description) by the [arachnologist](/source/Arachnology) [Barbara Maria Patoleta](/source/Barbara_Maria_Patoleta) in 2014.[1] She allocated it to the [genus](/source/Genus) *[Trite](/source/Trite)*, first [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) by [Eugène Simon](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne_Simon) in 1885.[2] The genus is split into two groups; the species is a member of the *planiceps* group.[3]

*Trite* is a member of the [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) Triteae.[4] In [Wayne Maddison](/source/Wayne_Maddison)'s 2015 study of spider [phylogenetic classification](/source/Phylogenetic_classification), the genus *Trite* was allocated to the [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) Viciriini.[5] This is a member of the subclade Astioida in the [clade](/source/Clade_(biology)) Salticoida.[6] It is closely related to the genera *[Hyllus](/source/Hyllus)* and *[Plexippus](/source/Plexippus)*.[7] Analysis of [protein-coding](/source/Protein-coding) genes showed it was particularly related to *[Telamonia](/source/Telamonia)*.[8] In the following year, in 2016, Prószyński added the genus to a group of genera named Evarchines, named after the genus, along with *[Hasarinella](/source/Hasarinella)* and *[Nigorella](/source/Nigorella)* based on similarities in the spiders' [copulatory organs](/source/Spider_anatomy#Reproductive_system).[9]

## Description

*Trite simoni* is a small spider with a body is divided into two main parts: an oval [cephalothorax](/source/Cephalothorax) and an egg-shaped [abdomen](/source/Opisthosoma).[10] The male has a brown cephalothorax that measures typically 2.23 mm (0.09 in) long and 1.67 mm (0.07 in) wide. The [carapace](/source/Carapace), the hard upper part of the cephalothorax, is dark brown with a pattern of faint lines radiating from a central hard patch, or [fovea](/source/Fovea_(spider)). Its [eyes](/source/Spider_vision) are surrounded by black areas with a fringe of orange and white hairs visible at the front. There are also a few white hairs on the main part of the carapace and on its sides. The underside of its cephalothorax, or [sternum](/source/Sternum_(arthropod_anatomy)), is greyish-brown. Its [chelicerae](/source/Chelicerae) are brown and slender with a bobbly surface while its fangs has an appendage that has an unusual shape. There is a single tooth to the front and another to the back, the latter with five [cusps](/source/Cusp_(anatomy)). Its other mouthparts, its [labium](/source/Labium_(arthropod_mouthpart)) and [maxillae](/source/Maxilla_(arthropod_mouthpart)) are also brown. The spider's face, or [clypeus](/source/Clypeus_(arthropod_anatomy)), is narrow, brown and covered in white hairs.[11]

The male has an abdomen that is longer and narrower than its carapace, measuring 2.32 mm (0.09 in) long and 1.26 mm (0.05 in) wide. The top of its abdomen is brown with a pattern of white patches and is covered in white hairs. The bottom of its abdomen is greyish-brown with lighter stripes along its sides. The spider has brown [spinnerets](/source/Spinneret) and light brown [pedipalps](/source/Pedipalp). Its front [legs](/source/Arthropod_leg) are generally brown while its remaining legs are lighter brown; they are all spiny.[11]

The spider has a distinctive copulatory organs with a dorsal spine visible on its pedipalps and a short hooked protrusion on its palpal tibia, or tibial [apophysis](/source/Apophysis_(spider)). The male has a thin and hairy [cymbium](/source/Cymbium_(spider_anatomy)) that extends beyond a slightly hooked [embolus](/source/Embolus_(spider_anatomy)) that extends from the top of the [tegulum](/source/Tegulum). The [palpal bulb](/source/Palpal_bulb) is rounded with a large protrusion extending from the side upwards.[12] It is the spider's copulatory organs that most help identify it. It is the shape of the tegulum, the shorter embolus and the thicker tibial apophysis that helps distinguish it from the related *[Trite pennata](/source/Trite_pennata)* and *[Trite planiceps](/source/Trite_planiceps)*.[11]

The female has a cephalothorax that is typically 2.06 mm (0.08 in) in length and 1.56 mm (0.06 in) wide. It has dark brown carapace with black areas surrounding its eyes like the male. However, there are also orange hairs around the female's eyes and a small patch of white hairs at the rear of its carapace. Its sternum is greyish-brown. It has three hairs protruding from its clypeus, which is narrow like the male, and its brown chelicerae also have two teeth, the rearmost similarly having five cusps. Its abdomen is typically 2.67 mm (0.11 in) in length and 1.58 mm (0.06 in) wide. The top of its abdomen is covered with a scattering of brown hairs and has a whitish-grey pattern. The bottom of its abdomen is whitish. Unlike the male, its legs are all light brown.[13]

The female's copulatory organs also help distinguish it from other members of the genus. Its [epigyne](/source/Epigyne), the external visible part of its copulatory organs, has distinctive wing-shaped margins to its depressions.[11] There is also a pocket to the rear of its epigyne. In between, two copulatory openings lead via relatively short and direct copulatory ducts to pear-shaped [spermathecae](/source/Spermatheca), or receptacles, that are surrounded by relatively large accessory [glands](/source/Gland).[14]

## Distribution and habitat

*Trite* spiders are found across New Caledonia, New Zealand and other Pacific Islands. *Trite simoni* lives on the [New Caledonia mainland](/source/Grande_Terre_(New_Caledonia)) and [Maré Island](/source/Mar%C3%A9_Island), one of the Loyalty Islands.[2] The male [holotype](/source/Holotype) for the species was found in 1986 near Yahoué at an altitude of less than 100 m (330 ft) [above sea level](/source/Height_above_mean_sea_level). The spider lives in forests of *[Araucaria](/source/Araucaria)* trees.[11] The species mainly lives on tree branches.[2]

## References

### Citations

1. World Spider Catalog (2018). ["*Trite simoni* *Trite simoni* Patoleta, 2014"](https://wsc.nmbe.ch/species/53508/Trite_simoni). *World Spider Catalog*. 19.0. Bern: Natural History Museum. Retrieved 29 August 2018.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 359.

1. Patoleta & Żabka 2017, p. 19.

1. Maddison & Hedin 2003, p. 540.

1. Maddison 2015, p. 243.

1. Maddison 2015, pp. 276, 277.

1. Maddison, Bodner & Needham 2008, p. 56.

1. Maddison & Hedin 2003, p. 536.

1. Prószyński 2017, p. 51.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 356.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 364.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 358.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 365.

1. Patoleta 2014, p. 357.

### Bibliography

- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". *The Journal of Arachnology*. **43** (3): 231–292. [doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292](https://doi.org/10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292). [S2CID 85680279](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85680279)
- Maddison, Wayne P.; Bodner, Melissa R.; Needham, Karen M. (2008). "Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)". *Zootaxa*. **1893**: 49–64. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1893.1.3](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1893.1.3)
- Maddison, Wayne P . & Hedin, Marshal C. (2003). "Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae: Salticidae)". *Invertebrate Systematics*. **17** (4): 529–549. [doi:10.1071/IS02044](https://doi.org/10.1071/IS02044)
- Patoleta, Barbara (2014). "The species of *Trite* Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Salticidae) from New Caledonia". *Zootaxa*. **3827** (3): 355–365. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.5](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.5). [PMID 25081165](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25081165)
- Patoleta, Barbara & Żabka, Marek (2017). "A new species of *Trite* Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Salticidae) from New Zealand, with remarks on Trite relationships and radiation". *PeerJ*. **5** (e3463): 1–19. [doi:10.7717/peerj.3463](https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3463)
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". *Ecologica Montenegrina*. **12**: 1–133. [doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1](https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2017.12.1)

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