# Trimeresurus gracilis

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Species of snake

Trimeresurus gracilis Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Viperidae Genus: Trimeresurus Species: T. gracilis Binomial name Trimeresurus gracilis Ōshima, 1920[2]

***Trimeresurus gracilis***, [commonly known](/source/Common_name) as the **Taiwan pit viper** or **Taiwan mountain pitviper**, is a [venomous](/source/Venomous_snake) [pit viper](/source/Pit_viper) [species](/source/Species) [endemic](/source/Endemism) to [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan).[1][3][4] No [subspecies](/source/Subspecies) are currently recognized.[3][5] The species is known as *kikushi habu* in [Japanese](/source/Japanese_language).[6]

## Description

*Trimeresurus gracilis* is a small snake with a total length up to 60 cm (24 in).[4] Scalation includes 19 (or 21) rows of [dorsal scales](/source/Dorsal_scales) at midbody, 144–149 [ventral scales](/source/Ventral_scales), 43–53 [subcaudal scales](/source/Subcaudal_scales), and 7–8 [supralabial scales](/source/Supralabial_scales).[6]

## Geographic range

It is found only in [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan), above 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level.[1][4] The [type locality](/source/Type_locality_(biology)) given is "Mt. Noko, Nanto". According to [Zhao](/source/Zhao_Ermi) and Adler (1993), this would be "Mt. Nôkô, Nanto Co., central Formosa" (Mount Nengkaoshan, [Nantou County](/source/Nantou_County), Taiwan).[2] In a study were results that negated a commonly believed inference relating to the close affinity of T. monticola and T. okinawensis, and also suggested a sister relationship between T. okinawensis and T. gracilis. Phylogenetic relationships revealed in this study suggested that the genus Trimeresurus dispersed into the Ryukyu region at least three times, and that T. flavoviridis and T. tularensis from the central Ryukyus used to be more widespread and diverse in the past in surrounding regions.[7]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCN_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCN_1-2) Jiang, J. & Lau, M. (2012). ["*Trimeresurus gracilis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/191909/2014204). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2012** e.T191909A2014204. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T191909A2014204.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T191909A2014204.en). Retrieved 23 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-McD99_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-McD99_2-1) McDiarmid RW, [Campbell JA](/source/Jonathan_A._Campbell), Touré T. 1999. *Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1*. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-893777-00-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-893777-00-6) (series). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-893777-01-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-893777-01-4) (volume).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-RDB_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-RDB_3-1) [*Trimeresurus gracilis*](http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species.php?genus=Trimeresurus&species=gracilis) at the [Reptarium.cz Reptile Database](http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/). Accessed 23 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Snakes_of_Taiwan_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Snakes_of_Taiwan_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Snakes_of_Taiwan_4-2) Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy (2009–2010). ["*Trimeresurus gracilis* Taiwan Mountain Pitviper"](https://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/trimeresurus-gracilis.html). *Snakes of Taiwan*. Retrieved 23 August 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ITIS_5-0)** ["*Trimeresurus gracilis*"](https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634914). [Integrated Taxonomic Information System](/source/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System). Retrieved 23 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gum04_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gum04_6-1) Gumprecht A, Tillack F, [Orlov NL](/source/Nikolai_Liutsianovich_Orlov), [Captain A](/source/Ashok_Captain), Ryabov S. 2004. *Asian Pitvipers*. GeitjeBooks. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-937975-00-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-937975-00-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Ming-Chung Tu; Hurng-Yi Wang; Mung-Pei Tsai; Mamoru Toda; Wen-Jen Lee; Fu-Ji Zhang; Hidetoshi Ota (1 November 2000). ""Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pitvipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): A Molecular Perspective"". *Zoological Science*. **17** (8): 1147–1157. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2108/zsj.17.1147](https://doi.org/10.2108%2Fzsj.17.1147). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2433/108613](https://hdl.handle.net/2433%2F108613). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [18522471](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18522471). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [207286072](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207286072).

## Further reading

- [Ōshima, M.](/source/Masamitsu_%C5%8Cshima) 1920. Notes on the Venomous Snakes from the Islands of Formosa and Riu Kiu. Annual Report of the Institute of Science, Government of Formosa. **8** (2): 1-99. (*"Trimeresurus gracilis sp. nov."*, pp. 10–11 + Plate XII, Figures 5 & 6.)

- [Zhao, Er-mi](/source/Zhao_Ermi), and Kraig Adler. 1993. *Herpetology of China*. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). Oxford, Ohio. 522 pp. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0916984281](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0916984281).

v t e Snakes in the genus Trimeresurus Trimeresurus albolabris Trimeresurus ayerwadyensis Trimeresurus borneensis Trimeresurus brongersmai Trimeresurus cantori Trimeresurus erythrurus Trimeresurus fasciatus Trimeresurus flavomaculatus Trimeresurus gracilis Trimeresurus gramineus Trimeresurus hageni Trimeresurus kanburiensis Trimeresurus karanshahi Trimeresurus labialis Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus Trimeresurus salazar Trimeresurus stejnegeri Trimeresurus sumatranus Trimeresurus tibetanus Trimeresurus trigonocephalus

Taxon identifiers Trimeresurus gracilis Wikidata: Q1037129 Wikispecies: Trimeresurus gracilis ADW: Trimeresurus_gracilis CoL: 7D5NN EoL: 461453 GBIF: 5960927 iNaturalist: 30966 IRMNG: 10919825 ITIS: 634914 IUCN: 191909 NCBI: 109781 Observation.org: 103957 Open Tree of Life: 450710 RD: gracilis TaiCOL: t0047933

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Trimeresurus gracilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeresurus_gracilis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeresurus_gracilis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.