# Trikala

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City in Thessaly, Greece

For other uses, see [Trikala (disambiguation)](/source/Trikala_(disambiguation)).

Municipality in Greece

Trikala Τρίκαλα Municipality Clockwise from top: Central Bridge, Trikala Castle, a street in Varousi (old town), Osman Shah Mosque, Asclepius Statue, view of Varousi (old town), Panagia Faneromeni Church, Trikala Clock Tower Trikala Coordinates: 39°33′N 21°46′E / 39.550°N 21.767°E / 39.550; 21.767 Country Greece Administrative region Thessaly Regional unit Trikala Government • Mayor Nikolaos Sakkas[1] (since 2023) Area • Municipality 607.59 km2 (234.59 sq mi) • Municipal unit 69.2 km2 (26.7 sq mi) Elevation 115 m (377 ft) Population (2021)[2] • Municipality 78,605 • Density 129.37/km2 (335.07/sq mi) • Municipal unit 62,064 • Municipal unit density 897/km2 (2,320/sq mi) Time zone UTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST) Postal code 421 00 Area code 24310 Vehicle registration ΤΚ Website www.trikalacity.gr

**Trikala** ([Greek](/source/Greek_language): Τρίκαλα) is a city in northwestern [Thessaly](/source/Thessaly), [Greece](/source/Greece), and the capital of the [Trikala regional unit](/source/Trikala_(regional_unit)). The city straddles the Lithaios river, which is a tributary of [Pineios](/source/Pineios_(Thessaly)). According to the [Greek National Statistical Service](/source/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority), Trikala is populated by 62,064 inhabitants (2021), while the municipality of Trikala is populated by 78,605 inhabitants (2021).

Trikala is a lively Greek city with picturesque monuments and old neighborhoods with traditional architecture. The city is near [Meteora](/source/Meteora) and also near the mountain range of south [Pindus](/source/Pindus), where there are many destinations (i.e. Pyli's stone bridge, Elati, Pertouli, Palaiokarya's stone bridge and waterfall, Pertouli Ski Center etc.).[3]

## Name

The city's name derives from the ancient *Trikka* or *Trikke* ([Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek_language): Τρίκκα or Τρίκκη), which was itself named after a nymph that was a daughter of [Peneus](/source/Peneus) or [Asopos](/source/Asopos). The name *Trikala* appears in the [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine) period. In [Turkish](/source/Turkish_language), the city is known as *Tırhala*. In [Aromanian](/source/Aromanian_language) it is known as *Trikolj* and in [Albanian](/source/Albanian_language) as Tërhalla.

## History

### Antiquity

[Silver](/source/Silver) [hemidrachm](/source/Dram_(unit)) struck in Trikka 440-400 BC.

First side of the image: **[O:](/source/Obverse_and_reverse)** naked [Thessalian](/source/Ancient_Thessaly) youth restraining forepart of unruly prancing [bull](/source/Bull)

Second side of the image: **[R:](/source/Obverse_and_reverse)**forepart of bridled prancing [horse](/source/Horse)

A statue of [Asclepius](/source/Asclepius)

The region of Trikala has been inhabited since [prehistoric](/source/Prehistoric) times. The first indications of permanent settlement have been uncovered in the cave of Theopetra, and date back to approx. 49,000 BC. [Neolithic](/source/Neolithic) settlements dating back to 6,000 BC have been uncovered in Megalo Kefalovriso and other locations.

The city of Trikala is built on the ancient city of Trikka or Trikke, which was founded around the 3rd millennium BC and took its name from the nymph Trikke, daughter of [Peneus](/source/Peneus), or according to others, daughter of the river god [Asopus](/source/Asopus). The ancient city was built at a defensive location in between the local hill and the river Lithaios. The city became an important center in antiquity and it was considered to be the birthplace and main residence of the healing god [Asclepius](/source/Asclepius).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The city exhibited one of the most important and ancient of Asclepius' healing temples, called *[asclepieia](/source/Asclepeion)*. The city is mentioned in [Homer](/source/Homer)'s *[Iliad](/source/Iliad)* as having participated in the [Trojan War](/source/Trojan_War) with thirty ships under Asclepius' sons [Machaon](/source/Machaon_(physician)) and [Podalirius](/source/Podalirius). In the [Mycenean](/source/Mycenaean_Greece) period, the city was the capital of a kingdom, and later it constituted the main center of the Thessalian region of Estaiotis, which occupied roughly the territory of the modern [Trikala Prefecture](/source/Trikala_Prefecture).

In historical times, the city of Trikke and the surrounding area experienced prosperity. It fell to the [Achaemenid Persians](/source/Achaemenid_Persia) in 480 BC, while ten years later it joined the Thessalian monetary union. In 352 BC it was united with the [Macedonia](/source/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)) of [Philip II](/source/Philip_II_of_Macedon). The city became a location of hard battles between Macedonia and Rome. While [Philip V of Macedon](/source/Philip_V_of_Macedon) and his son [Perseus](/source/Perseus_of_Macedon) tried to keep the city, after 168 BC it fell to the [Roman Republic](/source/Roman_Republic).

### Middle Ages

Inside the Byzantine [castle](/source/Trikala_Castle)

While the area was considered to be firmly under the rule of the [Byzantine Empire](/source/Byzantine_Empire), it was invaded nevertheless by a succession of raiders and nomadic tribes. Some of these tribes that raided the area include: [Goths](/source/Goths) (396), [Huns](/source/Huns) (447), [Slavs](/source/Slavs) (577), [Bulgarians](/source/First_Bulgarian_Empire) (986–1000), [Normans](/source/Normans) (1082/3), [Catalans](/source/Catalan_Company) (1309–1311).

The current name of Trikala first appears in the 11th-century *[Strategikon of Kekaumenos](/source/Strategikon_of_Kekaumenos)*, where "Trikalitan [Vlachs](/source/Vlachs)" are mentioned, and then in the early 12th-century *[Alexiad](/source/Alexiad)* of [Anna Komnene](/source/Anna_Komnene).[4] Later in the century, the Arab traveller and geographer [al-Idrisi](/source/Al-Idrisi) recorded the town as "an important agrarian center with abundant vineyards and gardens" (T.E. Gregory).[4]

After the dissolution of the Byzantine state by the [Fourth Crusade](/source/Fourth_Crusade) in 1204, Trikala does not appear to have fallen into [Frankish](/source/Frankokratia) hands, but became part of the [Despotate of Epirus](/source/Despotate_of_Epirus). Epirote rule lasted until 1259, when the town was taken without resistance by the [Empire of Nicaea](/source/Empire_of_Nicaea) (after 1261 the renewed Byzantine Empire) following the [Battle of Pelagonia](/source/Battle_of_Pelagonia).[4] In the early 14th century the town was the capital of a semi-independent domain under the *[sebastokrator](/source/Sebastokrator)* [Stephen Gabrielopoulos](/source/Stephen_Gabrielopoulos), which extended across much of western [Thessaly](/source/Thessaly) and [Macedonia](/source/Macedonia_(Greece)). After his death in 1332/3 the city, along with most of Gabrielopoulos' lands, was seized by the Epirote ruler [John II Orsini](/source/John_II_Orsini), but he was in turn expelled and the area incorporated into the Byzantine Empire by [Andronikos III Palaiologos](/source/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos).[4][5]

In 1348, Thessaly was conquered by [Stefan Dušan](/source/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an) and incorporated into the newly established [Serbian Empire](/source/Serbian_Empire). The Serbian general [Preljub](/source/Preljub) was made the region's governor, and established himself at Trikala. In 1359, Dušan's half-brother [Symeon Uroš](/source/Symeon_Uro%C5%A1) established his court at Trikala, and in 1366/7 he founded the [Meteora monasteries](/source/Meteora_monasteries) nearby. Symeon was succeeded by his son [John Uroš](/source/John_Uro%C5%A1), and he in turn by the local magnates [Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos](/source/Alexios_Angelos_Philanthropenos) and [Manuel Angelos Philanthropenos](/source/Manuel_Angelos_Philanthropenos), who ruled until the Ottoman conquest of Thessaly in 1393/4.[4][6]

### Ottoman period

[Osman Shah Mosque](/source/Osman_Shah_Mosque)

A street in Varousi

Under Ottoman rule, the city was called *Tırhala*. Its fortunes in the early period of Ottoman rule are unclear: it is reported as being part of a large *[sanjak](/source/Sanjak)* under Ahmed, the son of [Evrenos Bey](/source/Evrenos_Bey), but in the early 15th century it formed part of the domain of [Turahan Bey](/source/Turahan_Bey), who brought in Muslim settlers and granted privileges to the local Greek population. Turahan and his son and successor, [Ömer Bey](/source/Turahano%C4%9Flu_%C3%96mer_Bey), erected many buildings in the city, helping it, in the words of the historian Alexandra Yerolimpos, to "[acquire] the appearance of a typical Ottoman town, with mosques, *[medreses](/source/Medrese)*, a *[hammam](/source/Turkish_bath)*, *[imaret](/source/Imaret)*, [*khan* and *karwansaray*](/source/Caravanserai) extending beyond the citadel and the Varoussi (Varosh) quarter which remained Christian".[7]

As the administrative center of the local province (the [Sanjak of Trikala](/source/Sanjak_of_Trikala)), the city attracted Muslim immigrants and had large Muslim and Jewish communities: in the 1454/5 census, the city had 2,453 inhabitants (251 Muslim families and 9 widows, and 212 Christian families and 73 widows); in 1506, the city numbered 3,100 inhabitants, with 260 Muslim, 310 Christian and 19 Jewish families; in 1520/38, the number had risen to 301 Muslim, 343 Christian, and 181 Jewish families.[7] The city also became an important intellectual center during these years (1543–1854) with the Trikke School (and later Greek School), where famous intellectuals of the time, such as [Dionysius the Philosopher](/source/Dionysius_the_Philosopher), taught. Christian children from Trikala also became [Janissaries](/source/Janissaries). According to the 1603-4 "eşkal defter" Christian boys from the villages around the town were included in the batch that the Turnacıbaşı, the Chief collection officer levied.[8]

The 17th-century Ottoman traveller [Evliya Çelebi](/source/Evliya_%C3%87elebi) reports that the city had 2,300 houses divided into sixteen Muslim and eight Christian quarters (*[mahalla](/source/Mahalla)*); eight mosques, of which only the city's main mosque, the [Osman Shah Mosque](/source/Osman_Shah_Mosque) built by [Mimar Sinan](/source/Mimar_Sinan), survives today; four *hammams*; six *[tekkes](/source/Khanqah)*; and the probably exaggerated number of 1,000 shops, although Evliya curiously does not mention the city's impressive *[bezesten](/source/Bezesten)* (covered market) which was demolished in the early 20th century.[7] The city was largely burned down in a great fire in 1749, a destruction repeated by Albanian irregulars following an abortive uprising by the local Christian population during the [Orlov Revolt](/source/Orlov_Revolt). Despite the destruction, its population seems to have remained the same, ca. 25,000, until the outbreak of the [Greek Revolution](/source/Greek_Revolution) in 1821.[7] By 1840, it reportedly had only 10,000 inhabitants, with the last Ottoman census in 1877/8 listing 25,000 inhabitants for the entire *sanjak* of Trikala.[7]

### Modern period

Dorothea School houses also the Philharmonic Society of Trikala

On 23 August 1881 with the [Treaty of Constantinople](/source/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1881)) between the Ottoman Empire and the [Kingdom of Greece](/source/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)), the city passed in Greek sovereignty, along with the rest of Thessaly. It became occupied again by Ottoman forces briefly during the [Greco-Turkish War of 1897](/source/Greco-Turkish_War_of_1897). In the years that followed, Trikala played a fundamental role in the rural workers' mobilizations, in the early 20th century, against the Thessalian landlords ([Greek](/source/Greek_language): Τσιφλικάδες). Trikala eventually became the city that the first Agricultural Cooperative of Greece was founded, in 1906.

Historically, Trikala and its surroundings had a notable concentration of [Aromanians](/source/Aromanians), including from other regions.[9]

The town lost much of its Ottoman and medieval buildings in the early 20th century, particularly after it was rebuilt to a modern urban plan in the 1930s.[7]

Trikala today is a vibrant greek city, well known throughout Greece for its river that bisects the city center and also for the historic monuments and the picturesque old town.[3]

## Sights

Ruins of the ancient greek [Asclepieion](/source/Asclepieion) in the archaeological site of Ancient Trikka

View of the clock tower, located within the [Byzantine castle](/source/Trikala_Castle) of the old town (Varousi).

Panagia Faneromeni church in Varousi

Panagia Episkepsi church in Varousi

View of the old town of Varousi from the castle.

Traditional architecture in Varousi

A street in Manavika

Central bridge

- The archaeological site of [Asklepieion of Trikke](/source/Asklepieion_of_Trikke), the most significant and most ancient of Greece, according to [Strabo](/source/Strabo). Trikala (ancient [Tricca](/source/Tricca) or [Trikke](/source/Tricca)) is considered the birthplace of [Asclepius](/source/Asclepius), a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. The archaeological site of ancient [Tricca](/source/Tricca) is situated next to St. Nicholas Cathedral and the [old town](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_of_Trikala&action=edit&redlink=1).[10]

- The [Byzantine Castle](/source/Trikala_Castle), built by [Justinian](/source/Justinian) onto the acropolis of ancient Trikke in the 6th century AD. Later it was rebuilt by the Ottomans, who in the 17th century placed a huge clock tower, which was accompanied by a bell weighing 650 kg (1,433 lb). In 1936, another clock tower was placed and today remains the trademark of the city, while offers a panoramic view to the city. Under the castle lies the [old town](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_of_Trikala&action=edit&redlink=1).

- The [Old Town of Trikala](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_of_Trikala&action=edit&redlink=1), which consists of the districts **Varousi** and **Manavika**. Varousi was a Christian district of Trikala during the Ottoman rule and is located at the foot of the fortress. Until 1930, this part of the city was considered as the noble district of Trikala and is now a conservation area, with a large number of traditional old buildings, built between 17th and 19th century, preserved until today. In this part are located the oldest churches of the city, built between the 14th and the 19th century, all very close to each other. Following the district Varousi up to the central square is the part of the city called Manavika, a neighborhood of the old town with a uniform picturesque architecture. Here are located some of the best restaurants, coffee shops, and bars in town.[11]

- The [Greek Orthodox Churches of Trikala](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_of_Trikala&action=edit&redlink=1). The oldest churches of the city are located mainly in the old town, within the Varousi historic district. Those churches are: Church of Virgin Mary Faneromeni (1853), Church of Virgin Mary Episkepsi (1867), Saint Stephen Church (1882), Saint Paraskevi Church (1843), Saint Marina Church (1766), Saint Demetrius Church (1588), Church of Saints Anargyroi (renovated in 1575), Saint John the Baptist Chapel (1674), Church of Saint John the Merciful and Saint Panteleimon (14th C.) and the Saint Nicholas Cathedral. Other historic churches can be also found in many other parts of the city.

- The [Hill of Prophitis Ilias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hill_of_Prophitis_Ilias&action=edit&redlink=1) (Prophet Elijah), a grove with a nice panoramic view of the city and within walking distance from the city center. On this hill is situated the church of the Prophet Elijah (built in 1897) and the municipal zoo.[12]

- [Lithaios river](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithaios_river&action=edit&redlink=1) that bisects the city center being its renowned landmark and the Central Bridge, built in 1886, which connects the central square with the main pedestrian street. Additional recognizable points of the Lithaios river are the bridge with the statue of Asclepius and the characteristic lush river banks in the middle of the city center.[13]

- The [Mill of Matsopoulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mill_of_Matsopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1), which was constructed in 1884 and today is a historical-industrial building being used as a museum and cultural center. During the Christmas period, the stone-built Matsopoulos Mill transforms into the “Mill of Elves”, Greece's most famous Christmas park.

- The [Osman Shah Mosque](/source/Osman_Shah_Mosque) (16th century), building designed by [Mimar Sinan](/source/Mimar_Sinan). Behind the mosque stands the mausoleum of Osman Shah, nephew of Sultan [Suleyman the Magnificent](/source/Suleyman_the_Magnificent).[11]

- The [Twin Ottoman bath (Hammam of Osman Shah)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twin_Ottoman_bath_(Hammam_of_Osman_Shah)&action=edit&redlink=1). Built in the 16th century and probably designed by [Mimar Sinan](/source/Mimar_Sinan), underwent many changes and different uses throughout its history. The Twin Ottoman bath has been recently restored and nowadays is being used as a museum, hosting an archaeological ceramic collection and other temporary exhibitions. The [Tsitsanis](/source/Vassilis_Tsitsanis) Μuseum is located on the upper floor of the building.[11][14]

- The [Trikala Train Station](/source/Trikala_railway_station) (built in 1886), the Courthouse (seat of the Ottoman authorities during the Turkish rule), the Folklore Museum [15] and many more historical and neoclassical buildings.

## Nearby destinations

Trikala city is in close proximity of many interesting destinations in the region suitable for daily trips. The city is near the world famous [Meteora](/source/Meteora) and [Kalampaka](/source/Kalampaka) and also near the mountain range of south [Pindus](/source/Pindus) with its renowned sights i.e. the stone bridge of Pyli (16th c.), the Byzantine Church of Porta Panagia, the stone bridge (16th c.) and waterfall of Palaiokarya, Elati, Pertouli, Neraidochori and Pertouli Ski Center.

## Administration

The municipality Trikala was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 8 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[16]

- [Estiaiotida](/source/Estiaiotida)

- [Faloreia](/source/Faloreia)

- [Kallidendro](/source/Kallidendro)

- [Koziakas](/source/Koziakas)

- [Megala Kalyvia](/source/Megala_Kalyvia)

- [Paliokastro](/source/Paliokastro%2C_Trikala)

- [Paralithaioi](/source/Paralithaioi)

- Trikala

The municipality has an area of 607.585 km2, the municipal unit 69.205 km2.[17]

### Province

The province of Trikala was one of the [provinces](/source/Provinces_of_Greece) of the Trikala Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Trikala, [Farkadona](/source/Farkadona) and [Pyli](/source/Pyli).[18] It was abolished in 2006.

## Infrastructure

Trikala is home to the General Hospital of the Trikala Prefecture. The Physical Education and Sport Science department of the [University of Thessaly](/source/University_of_Thessaly) is also located in Trikala, and was founded in 1994, with the first students being admitted in the academic year 1994-1995; it was originally housed in the Matsopoulos Park facility, but moved to the new Karyes campus in July 1999. Trikala has over 20 schools of secondary education, and a modern night technical school also functions in the town.

Trikala has the distinction of being the first [smart city](/source/Smart_city) in Greece, integrating new technologies into the daily life of the municipality and providing government services to citizens by means of [e-governance](/source/E-governance).[19][20] Furthermore, it is in the process of becoming Greece's first [5G](/source/5G)-ready city.[21]

## Transport

The city is next to the Motorway 3 (A3), or the Central Greek motorway (known also as E65 highway). KTEL, which is the main intercity public transport bus service in Greece, has frequent bus itineraries, connecting Trikala with the surrounding regions, Athens, Thessaloniki and many other cities of the mainland. The city is also served by a [railway station](/source/Trikala_railway_station). There are daily basis train connection to [Athens](/source/Athens) and [Thessaloniki](/source/Thessaloniki).

## Climate

Trikala's continental influence isn't enough for the city to avoid being classified as a [Mediterranean climate](/source/Mediterranean_climate) (*Csa*), although with significant [diurnal temperature variation](/source/Diurnal_air_temperature_variation). Summers are very hot, with an August average high of 34.5 °C (94.1 °F). Meanwhile, autumn and spring are quite mild, lacking extremely low or high temperatures. Freezing temperatures occur sporadically, especially during winter nights. Occasional snowfall is observed but is generally not significant.

Climate data for Trikala Castle Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.7 (51.3) 14.7 (58.5) 17.3 (63.1) 20.5 (68.9) 26.7 (80.1) 32.8 (91.0) 33.5 (92.3) 34.5 (94.1) 30.6 (87.1) 24.6 (76.3) 17.1 (62.8) 12.5 (54.5) 23.0 (73.3) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.8 (35.2) 3.9 (39.0) 5.7 (42.3) 8.7 (47.7) 13.4 (56.1) 18.5 (65.3) 20.3 (68.5) 19.9 (67.8) 17.3 (63.1) 12.1 (53.8) 8.9 (48.0) 5.9 (42.6) 11.4 (52.5) Average precipitation mm (inches) 58.6 (2.31) 80.2 (3.16) 76.4 (3.01) 43.2 (1.70) 41.8 (1.65) 33.8 (1.33) 17.0 (0.67) 18.3 (0.72) 55.7 (2.19) 73.1 (2.88) 75.6 (2.98) 71.0 (2.80) 644.7 (25.4) Source: [1] 2010-2020 precipitation ,2019-2021 temperatures

## Sporting teams

- [Trikala F.C.](/source/A.O._Trikala), a [football](/source/Association_football) team that competed in the [Greek first division](/source/Super_League_Greece), as recently as the [1999–00 season](/source/1999%E2%80%932000_Alpha_Ethniki).

- [Trikala 2000 B.C.](/source/A.S._Trikala_2000_B.C.), a [basketball](/source/Basketball) team that competed in the [Greek top division](/source/Greek_Basket_League), in the [2008–09](/source/2008%E2%80%9309_Greek_Basket_League) and [2009–10](/source/2009%E2%80%9310_Greek_Basket_League) seasons. The team was dismantled following the team's relegation from the top division, and ensuing financial difficulties.

- [Aries Trikala B.C.](/source/Aries_Trikala_B.C.), a basketball team that competed in the [Greek top division](/source/Greek_Basket_League) for five seasons in a row (from [2013–14](/source/2013%E2%80%9314_Greek_Basket_League) till [2017–18](/source/2017%E2%80%9318_Greek_Basket_League). By season 2018-19 [Aries Trikala B.C.](/source/Aries_Trikala_B.C.) will participate in the [Greek A2 Basket League](/source/Greek_A2_Basket_League).

## Twin towns and sister cities

See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece](/source/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Greece)

Trikala is [twinned](/source/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:[22]

- [Amberg](/source/Amberg), Germany

- [Antiparos](/source/Antiparos), Greece

- [Banan (Chongqing)](/source/Banan_District%2C_Chongqing), China

- [Castrop-Rauxel](/source/Castrop-Rauxel), Germany

- [Dropull](/source/Dropull), Albania

- [Pyatigorsk](/source/Pyatigorsk), Russia

- [Talence](/source/Talence), France

- [Tucson](/source/Tucson%2C_Arizona), United States

- [Vranje](/source/Vranje), Serbia

- [Zugló](/source/Zugl%C3%B3), Hungary

## Historical population

[Railway station](/source/Trikala_railway_station) building.

Year Municipal unit Municipality 1991 48,857 74,832 2001 54,605 78,817 2011 61,653 81,355 2021 62,064 78,605

## Notable people

- [Asclepius](/source/Asclepius) (Mythical), God of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology

- [Oecumenius](/source/Oecumenius) (about 990), Bishop of Trikka (now Trikkala)

- [Evangelos Averoff](/source/Evangelos_Averoff) (1910–1990), politician

- [Stefanos Sarafis](/source/Stefanos_Sarafis) (1890–1957), major General in EAM-ELAS

- [Sotirios Kyrgiakos](/source/Sotirios_Kyrgiakos) (1979), footballer

- [Dimitris Mitropanos](/source/Dimitris_Mitropanos) (1948–2012), singer

- [Christos Papanikolaou](/source/Christos_Papanikolaou) (1941), pole vaulter

- [Efthimios Rentzias](/source/Efthimios_Rentzias) (1976), basketball player

- [Vassilis Tsitsanis](/source/Vassilis_Tsitsanis) (1915–1984), songwriter and singer

- [Ioannis Kellas](/source/Ioannis_Kellas) (1908–1966), aviator

- [Sofia Sakorafa](/source/Sofia_Sakorafa) (1957), javelin's thrower, politician

- [Georgios Koltsidas](/source/Georgios_Koltsidas) (1970), footballer

- [Dimitrios Sgouros](/source/Dimitrios_Sgouros) (1969), pianist

- [Gregory Kotrotsios](/source/Gregory_Kotrotsios) (1984), professional basketball player

- [Kostas Papanikolaou](/source/Kostas_Papanikolaou) (1990), basketball player

- [Stefanos Paparounas](/source/Stefanos_Paparounas) (1990), diver

- Achilles Cholevas, father of Greek footballer [José Holebas](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Holebas)

- [Kostas Fortounis](/source/Kostas_Fortounis) (1993), footballer

- [Vasilis Gregoriou](/source/Vasilis_Gregoriou) (1965), Greek chemist, researcher, Director & Chairman of [NHRF](/source/National_Hellenic_Research_Foundation)

- [Turhan Pasha Përmeti](/source/Turhan_Pasha_P%C3%ABrmeti), Former prime minister of Albania.

- [Christos Christou](/source/Christos_Christou) M.D., international president of [Médecins Sans Frontières](/source/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res) (MSF).

## See also

- [Meteora](/source/Meteora)

- [Porta Panagia](/source/Porta_Panagia)

- [Pertouli](/source/Pertouli)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-mayor_1-0)** [Municipality of Trikala, Municipal elections – October 2023](https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9114/), Ministry of Interior

1. **[^](#cite_ref-census21_2-0)** ["Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό"](https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/MON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx) [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-auto_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-auto_3-1) ["Trikala City - Η Πόλη του Ασκληπιού - Νομός Τρικάλων"](https://madeintrikala.gr/en/trikala-city/).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ODB_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ODB_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ODB_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-ODB_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-ODB_4-4) Gregory, Timothy E. (1991). "Trikkala". In [Kazhdan, Alexander](/source/Alexander_Kazhdan) (ed.). *[The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium](/source/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium)*. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2115–2116. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-19-504652-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). [*The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh0Bu8C66TsC). University of Michigan Press. pp. 246, 252–253. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-472-08260-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). [*The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh0Bu8C66TsC). University of Michigan Press. pp. 320, 352–353. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-472-08260-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-EI2-Tirhala_7-5) Yerolimpos, Alexandra (2000). ["Tirḥāla"](http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/tirhala-SIM_7566). In [Bearman, P. J.](/source/Peri_J._Bearman); [Bianquis, Th.](/source/Thierry_Bianquis); [Bosworth, C. E.](/source/C._E._Bosworth); [van Donzel, E.](/source/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel) & [Heinrichs, W. P.](/source/Wolfhart_Heinrichs) (eds.). *[The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition](/source/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2).*Volume X:*T–U*. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 539–540. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-11211-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11211-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Yılmaz, Gülay (2015-12-01). ["The Devshirme System and the Levied Children of Bursa in 1603-4"](https://belleten.gov.tr/doi/10.37879/belleten.2015.901). *Belleten* (in Turkish). **79** (286): 901–930. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.37879/belleten.2015.901](https://doi.org/10.37879%2Fbelleten.2015.901). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0041-4255](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-4255).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Rousiakis, Sotirios (2021). [THE MODERN GREEK DIALECT OF THE KARAGOUNS IN WEST THESSALY](https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00053474/Rousiakis_Greek_Karagouns.pdf). p. 19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Ασκληπιείο Αρχαίας Τρίκκης - Ασκληπιείο Τρίκαλα"](https://madeintrikala.gr/asklhpieio-arxaias-trikkhs).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-auto1_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-auto1_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-auto1_11-2) ["A proposal for the enhancement and ideal administration of monuments in the town of Trikala (Part 1)"](https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2014/02/17/a-proposal-for-the-enhancement-and-ideal-administration-of-monuments-in-the-town-of-trikala-part-1/). 17 February 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Λόφος του Προφήτη Ηλία – Η ομορφιά έχει πράσινο"](https://www.elameteoratrikala.com/trikala/see-and-do/lofos-profiti-ilia).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Ληθαίος ποταμός"](https://trikalacity.gr/building/litheos-potamos/). 12 January 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Μουσείο Τσιτσάνη - Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης"](https://www.mouseiotsitsani.gr/). *Μουσείο Τσιτσάνη*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Ανοικτό και πάλι το εξαίσιο Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Τρικάλων"](https://trikalacity.gr/anoikto-kai-pali-to-exaisio-laografiko-moyseio-trikalon/). 11 December 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kallikratis_16-0)** ["ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text"](http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.) (in Greek). [Government Gazette](/source/Government_Gazette_(Greece)).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-stat01_17-0)** ["Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)"](http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf) (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-census91_18-0)** ["Detailed census results 1991"](http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf) (PDF). (39 MB) (in Greek and French)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["The 'smart city' of Trikala and the future of Greece"](http://www.ekathimerini.com/217138/article/ekathimerini/community/the-smart-city-of-trikala-and-the-future-of-greece). Kathimerini. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Inside Greece's first smart city: 'Now you don't need to know a politician to get something done'"](https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/sep/04/trikala-greece-first-smart-city-dont-need-to-know-a-politician-to-get-something-done). *The Guardian*. Retrieved September 5, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Τα Τρίκαλα γίνονται η πρώτη 5G πόλη"](https://www.news247.gr/technologia/ta-trikala-ginontai-i-proti-5g-poli.6641086.html). News247. 18 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Αδελφοποιημένες Πόλεις"](https://trikalacity.gr/adelfopiimenes-polis/). *trikalacity.gr* (in Greek). Trikala. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 2020-01-09.

## Additional reading

- Messinas, Elias. (2022). *The Synagogues of Greece: A Study of Synagogues in Macedonia and Thrace: With Architectural Drawings of all Synagogues of Greece*. KDP, 190. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [979-8-8069-0288-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-8069-0288-8)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Trikala](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trikala).

- [Trikala local portal](http://www.trikala.net/)

- [City of Trikala](http://www.trikalacity.gr)

- [Trikala wi-fi Internet coverage](http://www.trikalacity.gr/e-trikala/)

- [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm), ed. (1911). ["Trikkala"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Trikkala). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)* (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

v t e Administrative division of the Thessaly Region Area 14,037 km2 (5,420 sq mi) Population 732,762 (as of 2011) Municipalities 25 (since 2011) Capital Larissa Regional unit of Karditsa Argithea Karditsa Lake Plastiras Mouzaki Palamas Sofades Regional unit of Larissa Agia Elassona Farsala Kileler Larissa Tempi Tyrnavos Regional unit of Magnesia Almyros Rigas Feraios South Pelion Volos Zagora-Mouresi Regional unit of the Sporades Alonnisos Skiathos Skopelos Regional unit of Trikala Farkadona Meteora Pyli Trikala Regional governor Konstantinos Agorastos (reelected 2014) Decentralized administration Thessaly and Central Greece

v t e Subdivisions of the municipality of Trikala Municipal unit of Estiaiotida Chrysavgi Longos Megalochori Patoulia Municipal unit of Faloreia Dialekto Dipotamos Kefalovryso Mega Kefalovryso Megarchi Municipal unit of Kallidendro Dendrochori Fotada Kato Elati Valtino Municipal unit of Koziakas Genesi Gorgogyri Prinos Prodromos Xyloparoiko Municipal unit of Megala Kalyvia Agia Kyriaki Glinos Megala Kalyvia Municipal unit of Paliokastro Agrelia Ardani Koumaria Krinitsa Liopraso Palaiopyrgos Zilefti Municipal unit of Paralithaioi Ellinokastro Platanos Raxa Rizoma Spathades Municipal unit of Trikala Trikala

v t e Former provinces of Greece Grouped by region and prefecture Attica East and West Attica Attica Piraeus Aegina Hydra Kythira Piraeus Troizinia West Attica Megaris Central Greece Boeotia Livadeia Thebes Euboea Chalcis Istiaia Karystia Phocis Dorida Parnassida Phthiotis Domokos Locris Phthiotis Central Macedonia Chalkidiki Arnaia Chalkidiki Imathia Imathia Naousa Kilkis Kilkis Paionia Pella Almopia Edessa Giannitsa Serres Fyllida Serres Sintiki Visaltia Thessaloniki Lagkadas Thessaloniki Crete Chania Apokoronas Kissamos Kydonia Selino Sfakia Heraklion Kainourgio Malevizi Monofatsi Pediada Pyrgiotissa Temenos Viannos Lasithi Ierapetra Lasithi Mirampello Siteia Rethymno Agios Vasileios Amari Mylopotamos Rethymno Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros Alexandroupoli Didymoteicho Orestiada Samothrace Soufli Kavala Kavala Nestos Pangaio Thasos Rhodope Komotini Sapes Epirus Ioannina Dodoni Konitsa Metsovo Pogoni Thesprotia Filiates Margariti Souli Thyamida Ionian Islands Corfu Corfu Paxoi Kefallinia Ithaca Kranaia Pali Sami North Aegean Lesbos Lemnos Mithymna Mytilene Plomari Samos Ikaria Samos Peloponnese Arcadia Gortynia Kynouria Mantineia Megalopoli Argolis Argos Ermionida Nafplia Laconia Epidavros Limira Gytheio Lacedaemon Oitylo Messenia Kalamai Messini Pylia Trifylia South Aegean Cyclades Andros Kea Milos Naxos Paros Syros Thira Tinos Dodecanese Kalymnos Karpathos Kos Rhodes Thessaly Larissa Agia Elassona Farsala Larissa Tyrnavos Magnesia Almyros Skopelos Volos Trikala Kalampaka Trikala West Greece Achaea Aigialeia Kalavryta Patras Aetolia-Acarnania Missolonghi Nafpaktia Trichonida Valtos Vonitsa-Xiromero Elis Elis Olympia Western Macedonia Kozani Eordaia Kozani Voio Note: not all prefectures were subdivided into provinces.

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