# Tricharia

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Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Tricharia Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Lecanoromycetes Order: Graphidales Family: Gomphillaceae Genus: Tricharia Fée (1825)[1] Type species Tricharia melanothrix Fée (1825) Synonyms[2] Microxyphiomyces Bat., Valle & Peres (1961) Psathyromyces Bat. & Peres (1964)

***Tricharia*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [lichens](/source/Lichen) in the family [Gomphillaceae](/source/Gomphillaceae). It has an estimated 30 species.[3]

## Taxonomy

Recent [molecular](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) studies have shown that the long, carbon-black bristles (sterile [setae](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#setae)) that once united many species under *Tricharia* evolved several times independently within the family. A two-gene [phylogeny](/source/Phylogeny) published in 2024 confirmed that the type [lineage](/source/Lineage_(evolution)) of *Tricharia* (species with pale, thin-walled [apothecial](/source/Apothecia) rims) forms a well-supported [clade](/source/Clade) distinct from three other "black-setae" groups that had been bundled together on the basis of bristle [morphology](/source/Morphology_(biology)). In particular, the Costa Rican species *Tricharia paradoxa*—long treated as an odd member of the genus—was transferred to the monospecific genus *[Paratricharia](/source/Paratricharia)* and shown to be [sister](/source/Sister_group) to *[Caleniopsis](/source/Caleniopsis)* in the early-diverging *Aulaxina* clade, far removed from *Tricharia* in the strict sense. The same analysis placed the remaining black-setae [taxa](/source/Taxon) in the separate genera *[Microxyphiomyces](/source/Microxyphiomyces)* and *[Santricharia](/source/Santricharia)*, confirming that bristles alone are a poor guide to deep relationships, whereas apothecial structure carries stronger phylogenetic signal.[4]

A world-wide phylogeny released in 2025, which sampled more than 500 representatives of the [Gomphillaceae](/source/Gomphillaceae), corroborated this arrangement and predicted that *Tricharia* in the strict sense may harbour additional [cryptic species](/source/Cryptic_species) yet to be recognised. That study divided the family into at least five major lineages—each dominated by leaf-dwelling taxa—and estimated that the true diversity of *Tricharia* could exceed the roughly 30 currently accepted species once unsequenced material from Africa and South-East Asia is examined.[5]

## Species

- *[Tricharia atrocarpa](/source/Tricharia_atrocarpa)* Lücking & Sipman (2005)[6]

- *[Tricharia aulaxiniformis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_aulaxiniformis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking & Kalb (2000)[7] – Brazil

- *[Tricharia carnea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_carnea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. (1952)

- *[Tricharia duotela](/source/Tricharia_duotela)* W.B.Sanders & Lücking (2015)[8] – [Florida](/source/Florida)

- *[Tricharia floridensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_floridensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[9]

- *[Tricharia longispora](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_longispora&action=edit&redlink=1)* Kalb & Vězda (1988)

- *[Tricharia membranula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_membranula&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Müll.Arg.) Lücking (1995)

- *[Tricharia nigriuncinata](/source/Tricharia_nigriuncinata)* Yeshitela, Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Sérus. (2011)[10] – East Africa

- *[Tricharia novoguineensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_novoguineensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Sérus. (1984)[11] – [New Guinea](/source/New_Guinea)

- *[Tricharia oaxacae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_oaxacae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2003)[12] – Mexico

- *[Tricharia ochroleuca](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_ochroleuca&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Sacc.) Boud. (1904)

- *[Tricharia paraguayensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_paraguayensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (L.I.Ferraro & Lücking) Lücking (2008)

- *[Tricharia pseudosantessonii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_pseudosantessonii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking (1997)[13] – Costa Rica

- *[Tricharia quezelii Faurel](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_quezelii_Faurel&action=edit&redlink=1)* & Schotter (1958)

- *[Tricharia sipmanii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_sipmanii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking (2008) – [Colombia](/source/Colombia)

- *[Tricharia sublancicarpa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_sublancicarpa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2002)[14] – Mexico

- *[Tricharia subumbrosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_subumbrosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[9] – [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), Canada

- *[Tricharia triseptata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_triseptata&action=edit&redlink=1)* R.Sant. (1952)

- *[Tricharia tuckerae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_tuckerae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[9] – [Louisiana](/source/Louisiana), USA

- *[Tricharia umbrosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_umbrosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Kalb & Vězda (1988)

- *[Tricharia urceolata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricharia_urceolata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. (1952)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fée_1825_1-0)** Fée, A.L.A. (1824). *Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales* (in French). pp. 1–180.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Species_Fungorum_synonymy_2-0)** ["Synonymy: *Tricharia* Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): lxxxvii (1825) \[1824\]"](http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=5542). [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum). Retrieved 16 October 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wijayawardene_et_al._2020_3-0)** Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin D.; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). ["Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"](https://doi.org/10.5943%2Fmycosphere%2F11%2F1%2F8). *Mycosphere*. **11**: 1060–1456. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8](https://doi.org/10.5943%2Fmycosphere%2F11%2F1%2F8). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10481/61998](https://hdl.handle.net/10481%2F61998).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2024_4-0)** Lücking, Robert; Chaves-Chaves, José Luis; Moncada, Bibiana (2024). ["Apothecia trump setae: *Paratricharia* belongs in the *Aulaxina* clade and is distant from *Tricharia* (lichenized Ascomycota: Gomphillaceae)"](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0024282924000380). *The Lichenologist*. **56** (6): 371–377. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/S0024282924000380](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0024282924000380).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lebreton_et_al._2025_5-0)** Lebreton, Elise; Ertz, Damien; Lücking, Robert; Aptroot, Andre; Carriconde, Fabian; Ah-Peng, Claudine; Huang, Jen-Pan; Chen, Ko-Hsuan; Stenger, Pierre-Louis; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; van den Boom, Pieter; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; Magain, Nicolas (2025). ["Global phylogeny of the family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota, Graphidales) sheds light on the origin, diversification and endemism in foliicolous lineages"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882023). *IMA Fungus*. **16** e144194. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3897/imafungus.16.144194](https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fimafungus.16.144194). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [11882023](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882023). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [40052070](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40052070).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2005_6-0)** Lücking, Robert; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; Vězda, Antonín (2005). ["Phylogeny and systematics of the lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) inferred from cladistic analysis of phenotype data"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231785272). *The Lichenologist*. **37** (2): 123–170. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/s0024282905014660](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0024282905014660).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lücking_&_Kalb_2000_7-0)** Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu *Coenogonium* und *Dimerella* (Gyalectaceae)". *Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie* (in German). **122** (1): 50.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sanders_&_Lücking_2015_8-0)** Sanders, William B.; Lücking, Robert (2015). "Three new species of foliicolous Gomphillaceae (lichen-forming ascomycetes) from southern Florida". *The Bryologist*. **118** (2): 170–177. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1639/0007-2745-118.2.170](https://doi.org/10.1639%2F0007-2745-118.2.170).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2007_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2007_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2007_9-2) Lücking, Robert; Buck, William R.; Plata, Eimy Rivas (2007). "The lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) in eastern North America, with notes on hyphophore development in *Gomphillus* and *Gyalideopsis*". *The Bryologist*. **110** (4): 622–672. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110\[622:TLFGOI\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1639%2F0007-2745%282007%29110%5B622%3ATLFGOI%5D2.0.CO%3B2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lumbsch_et_al._2011_10-0)** Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). ["One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity"](http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/p00018p127f.pdf) (PDF). *Phytotaxa*. **18** (1): 109–110. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.18.1.1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sérusiaux_1984_11-0)** Sérusiaux, E. (1984). "Three new species of *Tricharia* (Lichenes, Asterothyriaceae) from New Guinea". *Mycologia*. **76** (1): 108–114. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/00275514.1984.12023814](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00275514.1984.12023814). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3792841](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3792841).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Herrera-Campos_&_Lücking_2003_12-0)** Herrera-Campos, María De Los Angeles; Lücking, Robert (2003). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Mexico II. New species from the montane forest in Oaxaca and Puebla". *The Bryologist*. **106** (1): 1–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106\[0001:TFLFOM\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1639%2F0007-2745%282003%29106%5B0001%3ATFLFOM%5D2.0.CO%3B2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lücking_1997_13-0)** Lücking, R. (1997). "Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica". *The family Gomphillaceae*. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 65. p. 87.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Herrera-Campos_&_Lücking_2002_14-0)** Herrera-Campos, M.A.; Lücking, R. (2002). "The Foliicolous Lichen Flora of Mexico. I. New Species from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz". *The Lichenologist*. **34** (3): 211–222. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002ThLic..34..211H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ThLic..34..211H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/lich.2002.0397](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Flich.2002.0397).

Taxon identifiers Tricharia Wikidata: Q7840642 Wikispecies: Tricharia AusLichen: 30020171 CoL: 7Z4G EoL: 22266 GBIF: 2580931 iNaturalist: 174842 MycoBank: 5542 NBN: NHMSYS0001500080 NCBI: 248117 NZOR: 45e2ee29-5e8c-4f44-aba7-1956fdf0e818 Open Tree of Life: 730333 PLANTS: TRICH16

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