# Tre Taverne

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{{short description|Place on the ancient Appian Way}}
'''Tre Taverne''' ({{langx|la|Tres Tabernae}}; {{Langx|el|Τρεῖς Ταβέρναι}}, ''Treis Tabernai'') was a place on the ancient [Appian Way](/source/Appian_Way), about 50&nbsp;km (31 miles) from [Rome](/source/Rome), designed for the reception of travellers, as the name indicates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106 |title=Places: 423106 (Tres Tabernae) |author=Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli |accessdate=June 25, 2024 |publisher=Pleiades}}
</ref> In the [Roman Empire](/source/Roman_Empire) there was also a place of that name ([''Tres Tabernae Caesaris''](/source/Saverne)) in present-day [France](/source/France).

==History==
Tres Tabernae originated as a [post station](/source/statio_(Roman)) on the [Appian Way](/source/Appian_Way) ({{langx|la|Via Appia}}), around the 3rd century BC.

Here, the Christian saint [Paul of Tarsus](/source/Paul_the_Apostle), on his way to Rome, was met by a band of Roman Christians ([Acts](/source/Acts_of_the_Apostles) 28:15). The "Tres Tabernae was the first ''[mansio](/source/mansio)'' or ''mutatio'', that is, halting-place for relays, from Rome, or the last on the way to the city. At this point three roads run into the Via Appia, that from [Tusculum](/source/Tusculum), that from [Alba Longa](/source/Alba_Longa), and that from [Antium](/source/Antium); so necessarily here would be a halting-place, which took its name from the three shops there, the general store, the blacksmith's, and the refreshment-house...Tres Tabernae is translated as Three Taverns."<ref>Forbes's ''Footsteps of St. Paul'', p.&nbsp;20</ref>

The [''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition) identifies it as "an ancient village of [Latium](/source/Latium), Italy, a post station on the Via Appia, at the point where the main road was crossed by a branch from Antium". It is by some fixed some 3&nbsp;m. S.E. of the modern village of [Cisterna](/source/Cisterna_di_Latina) just before the Via Appia enters the [Pontine Marshes](/source/Pontine_Marshes), at a point where the modern road to [Ninfa](/source/Norma%2C_Lazio) and [Norba](/source/Norba) diverges to the north-east, where a few ruins still exist (''Grotte di Nottola''), 33&nbsp;m. from Rome.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}  Others believe that it stood at Cisterna itself, where a branch road running from Antium by way of [Satricum](/source/Satricum) actually joins the Via Appia.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} However, excavations that took place at km 58.1 of the Via Appia Nuova between 1993 and 2001 revealed a [bath plant](/source/thermae) and some further buildings.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}

Around the 3rd century AD, the area was invaded by marshes, and the inhabitants of the nearby ''[Ulubrae](/source/Ulubrae)'' likely moved to ''Tres Tabernae'', which grew of importance and became a Christian [episcopal see](/source/episcopal_see) with a [Palaeo-Christian](/source/Early_Christianity) cathedral dedicated to St. Paul.<ref>[http://essochissi.altervista.org/san_paolo.htm S. Paolo alle Tre Taverne]</ref> In 307, emperor [Flavius Severus](/source/Severus_II) was assassinated (or forced to commit suicide) here by Heraclius, by order of other emperors [Maximian](/source/Maximian) and [Maxentius](/source/Maxentius). The barbaric invasions in Italy caused a further expansions of the marshes{{Clarify|date=July 2016}}, and Tres Tabernae declined so that, in 592, [Pope Gregory I](/source/Pope_Gregory_I) united its diocese to [that of Velletri](/source/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Velletri%E2%80%93Segni). Later in the high Middle Ages, Tres Tabernae was ravaged several times by the [Saracen](/source/Saracen)s, until it was completely destroyed in 868.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}

The position of the Tres Tabernae is also shown in the [Tabula Peutingeriana](/source/Tabula_Peutingeriana) in a location south of Rome.<ref>[http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost03/Tabula/tab_pe06.html ''Chronology'']; hs-augsburg.de online;</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Tres Tabernae|volume=27|page=254}}
*{{EBD|wstitle=Tres Tabernas}}

{{Authority control}}
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Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy
Category:New Testament words and phrases
Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC
Category:Populated places disestablished in the 9th century
Category:Roman waystations in Italy

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tre Taverne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Taverne) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Taverne?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.