# Travel document > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Travel_document > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Travel_document.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_document > Source revision: 1355533473 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Identity document Automated travel document inspection at [Dubai Airport](/source/Dubai_International_Airport) A **travel document** is an [identity document](/source/Identity_document) issued by a [government](/source/Government) or international entity pursuant to international agreements to enable individuals to clear [border control](/source/Border_control) measures. [Travel](/source/Travel) documents usually assure other governments that the bearer may return to the issuing country, and are often issued in booklet form to allow other governments to place [visas](/source/Visa_(document)) as well as [entry and exit stamps](/source/Passport_stamp) into them. The most common travel document is a *[passport](/source/Passport)*, which usually gives the bearer more privileges like visa-free access to certain countries.[1] While passports issued by governments are the most common variety of travel document, many states and international organisations issue other varieties of travel documents that allow the holder to travel internationally to countries that recognise the documents. For example, [stateless](/source/Statelessness) persons are not normally issued a national passport, but may be able to obtain a *[refugee travel document](/source/Refugee_travel_document)* or the earlier "*[Nansen passport](/source/Nansen_passport)*" which enables them to travel to countries which recognise the document, and sometimes to return to the issuing country. Border control policies typically require travellers to present valid travel documents in order to ascertain their identity, nationality or permanent residence status, and eligibility to enter a given jurisdiction. The most common form of travel document is the passport, a booklet-form identity document issued by national authorities or the governments of certain subnational territories[a] containing an individual's personal information as well as space for the authorities of other jurisdictions to affix stamps, visas, or other permits authorising the bearer to enter, reside, or travel within their territory. Certain jurisdictions permit individuals to clear border controls using identity cards, which typically contain similar personal information. Different countries impose varying travel document regulations and requirements as part of their border control policies and these may vary based on the traveller's mode of transport. For instance, whilst America does not subject passengers departing by land or most boats to any border control, it does require that passengers departing by air hold a valid passport (or certain specific passport-replacing documents). Consequently, even though travellers departing America by air might not be required to have a passport to enter a certain country, they will be required to have a valid passport booklet to board their flight in order to satisfy American immigration authorities at departure.[2] Similarly, although several countries outside the [European Economic Area](/source/European_Economic_Area) accept national identity cards issued by its member states for entry, Sweden and Finland do not permit their citizens to depart for countries outside the EEA using solely their identity cards.[3][4] Many countries normally allow entry to holders of passports of other countries, sometimes requiring a [visa](/source/Visa_(document)) also to be obtained, but this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions may apply, such as not being likely to become a public charge for financial or other reasons, and the holder not having been [convicted of a crime](/source/Criminal_conviction).[5] Where a country does not [recognise](/source/Diplomatic_recognition) another, or is in dispute with it, it may prohibit the use of their passport for travel to that other country, or may [prohibit entry](#Limitations_on_use) to holders of that other country's passports, and sometimes to others who have, for example, visited the other country. Some individuals are subject to sanctions which deny them entry into particular countries. Travel documents may be requested in other circumstances to confirm identification such as checking into a hotel or when changing money to a local currency. Passports and other travel documents have an expiry date, after which it is no longer recognised, but it is recommended that a passport is valid for at least six months as many airlines deny boarding to passengers whose passport has a shorter expiry date, even if the destination country may not have such a requirement. ## Specifications ### Format U.S. [CBP Office of Field Operations](/source/CBP_Office_of_Field_Operations) agent checking the [authenticity](/source/Authentication) of a travel document at an [international airport](/source/International_airport) using a [stereo microscope](/source/Stereo_microscope) Travel documents are typically issued in one of two formats: - Booklets: the most common format for travel documents containing one or two pages with the individual information and endorsements from the issuing government as well as a number of additional pages for passport stamps or visas to be affixed - [Identity cards](/source/Identity_card): a card-sized document containing an individual's identifying information The [ICAO](/source/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization) (ICAO) issues standards for both booklet and identity card-format travel documents which are treated as recommendations to national governments. The size of booklet-form travel documents normally complies with the [ISO/IEC 7810](/source/ISO%2FIEC_7810) ID-3 standard, which specifies a size of 125 by 88 millimetres (4.9 in × 3.5 in). This size is the [B7](/source/ISO_216) format. Cards are issued to the ID-1 (credit card sized) standard.[6][7][8][9][10] - A standard booklet format travel document includes the cover, which contains the name of the issuing country, a national symbol, a description of the document (e.g., laissez-passer, passport, diplomatic passport), and a [biometric](/source/Biometric_passport) symbol, if applicable. Inside, there is a title page, also naming the country. A data page follows, containing information about the bearer and the issuing authority. There are blank pages for visas, and to stamp for entries and exit. Passports have numerical or alphanumerical designators ("[serial number](/source/Serial_number)") assigned by the issuing authority. - [Machine-readable](/source/Machine-readable_passport) standards for travel documents have been issued by the ICAO,[11] with an area set aside where most of the information written as text is also printed in a manner suitable for [optical character recognition](/source/Optical_character_recognition). - [Biometric booklets and cards](/source/Biometric_passport) (or e-passports) have an embedded [contactless chip](/source/Contactless_smart_card) in order to conform to ICAO standards. These chips contain data about the passport bearer, a photographic portrait in digital format, and data about the passport itself. Many countries now issue biometric passports, in order to speed up clearance through immigration and the prevention of identity fraud. These reasons are disputed by privacy advocates.[12][13] ### Immigration stamps Main article: [Passport stamp](/source/Passport_stamp) For immigration control, officials of many countries affix entry and exit stamps to booklet format travel documents. Depending on the country, a stamp can serve different purposes. For example, in the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom), an immigration stamp in a passport includes the formal [leave to enter](/source/Leave_to_enter) granted to a person subject to entry control. In other countries, a stamp activates or acknowledges the continuing leave conferred in the passport bearer's [entry clearance](/source/Entry_Clearance). Under the [Schengen system](/source/Schengen_Information_System), a foreign travel document is stamped with a date stamp which does not indicate any duration of stay, indicating that the person is deemed to have permission to remain either for three months or for the period shown on his visa if specified otherwise. Member states of the [European Union](/source/European_Union) are not permitted to place a stamp in the passport of a person who is not subject to immigration control. Stamping is prohibited because it is an imposition of a control that the person is not subject to. Some travellers "collect" immigration stamps in their travel documents, and will choose to enter or exit countries via different means (for example, land, sea or air) in order to have different categories of stamps. Some countries, such as [Liechtenstein](/source/Liechtenstein),[14] that do not stamp passports may provide a passport stamp on request for such "memory" purposes. [Monaco](/source/Monaco) (at its tourist office) and [Andorra](/source/Andorra) (at its border) do this as well. These are official stamps issued by government offices. ## Passports Main article: [Passport](/source/Passport) In general, a passport is a travel document that also serves as proof of [nationality](/source/Nationality) from the issuing country. Although generally accepted by the majority of countries in the world, some issuing countries expressly exclude the validity of passports from nations that are not [recognised](/source/Diplomatic_recognition) by their governments.[15] Governments around the world issue a variety of passports for different purposes. The most common variety are ordinary passports issued to individual citizens and other nationals. In the past, certain countries issued collective passports[b] or family passport. Family passports were typically issued to one passport holder, who may travel alone or with other family members included in the passport. A family member not listed as the passport holder could not use the passport for travel without the passport holder. These passports are essentially obsolete as most countries; including all the [EU](/source/European_Union) states, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom; require each traveller to have their own passport.[17] Today, passports are typically issued to individual travellers rather than groups. Aside from ordinary passports issued to citizens by national governments, there are a variety of other types of passports by governments in specific circumstances. ## International Certificate of Vaccination Main article: [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis](/source/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis) New cover of Carte Jaune issued by the Philippines since 2021 The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune, is an official [vaccination](/source/Vaccination) report created by the [WHO](/source/World_Health_Organization).[18] As a travel document, it is a kind of medical [passport](/source/Passport) that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers (see section on [biosecurity](#Biosecurity)).[18] Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been [vaccinated against COVID-19](/source/COVID-19_vaccine). The IATA Travel Pass application for smart phones, introduced by the [International Air Transport Association](/source/International_Air_Transport_Association) (IATA) in early 2021, is a [mobile app](/source/Mobile_app) designed to standardise the health verification process confirming whether aeroplane passengers have been vaccinated against, or tested negative for, COVID-19 prior to travel. The application is intended to eventually replace the Carte Jaune and to facilitate the verification of vaccination for [Yellow Fever](/source/Yellow_Fever) and other diseases prescribed by border control policies in various countries. Trials of the application are carried out by a number of airlines including [Singapore Airlines](/source/Singapore_Airlines), [Emirates](/source/Emirates_(airline)), [Qatar Airways](/source/Qatar_Airways), [Etihad](/source/Etihad) and [Air New Zealand](/source/Air_New_Zealand).[19][20] Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, have been developing digital certificates to be used in conjunction with and to authenticate an ICVP.[21][22] As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside the country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who have not been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival.[23][24][25] ## Indigenous nations ### Indigenous passports Various indigenous nations in the Americas, as well as the [Aboriginal Provisional Government](/source/Aboriginal_Provisional_Government) in Australia, issue passports to their citizens as an assertion of [sovereignty](/source/Sovereignty) symbolically rejecting the legitimacy of [settler authorities](/source/Settler_colonialism). Notable examples include the [Haudenosaunee passport](/source/Iroquois_passport) issued by the Six Nations of the [Haudenosaunee confederacy](/source/Iroquois#Iroquois_Confederacy), the [Aboriginal passport](/source/Aboriginal_passport) in Australia, and various indigenous passports in Latin America such as the Kichwa passport in Ecuador.[26] Indigenous passports are typically not recognised as valid travel documents for border control purposes. In particular, the [Haudenosaunee Nationals](/source/Haudenosaunee_men's_national_lacrosse_team) [lacrosse](/source/Lacrosse) team has been involved in high-profile disputes over their refusal to travel on Canadian or American passports to [international lacrosse competitions](/source/World_Lacrosse_Championship), being prevented from attending the [2010 World Lacrosse Championship](/source/2010_World_Lacrosse_Championship) in the United Kingdom[27] but being permitted to attend the [tournament in 2018](/source/2018_World_Lacrosse_Championship) in Israel subject to guarantees from the Canadian and American governments that the players would be permitted to return home.[28][29] ### Certificate of Indigenous Status While indigenous passports are generally not recognised by border control authorities, the Certificate of Indigenous Status issued by the Canadian government to individuals on the [Indian Register](/source/Indian_Register) is accepted by American and Canadian border control authorities for travel by land or sea.[30][31] In 2018, the Canadian government introduced a Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status that serves as a [machine readable travel document](/source/Machine-readable_passport) to enable Indigenous individuals to cross the border more efficiently.[32] In order to address the desire of members of indigenous nations not to be labelled as Canadian citizens, the Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status does not state the individual's nationality.[33] The Canadian government issues Certificates of Indigenous Status to registered indigenous individuals regardless of whether or not they are Canadian citizens or hold Canadian permanent residence[30] but, although America permits Canadian citizens exercising [Jay Treaty](/source/Jay_Treaty) freedom of movement rights to enter using the document,[34] indigenous individuals holding American citizenship are instead required to use tribal identity cards[35] or other American-issued [WHTI](/source/Western_Hemisphere_Travel_Initiative)-compliant documents. ### Enhanced Tribal Identity Cards Under the [Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative](/source/Western_Hemisphere_Travel_Initiative), indigenous people holding [American citizenship](/source/United_States_nationality_law) may clear land and sea border controls using [machine readable](/source/Machine_readable_passport) enhanced tribal identity cards, which contain similar features to enhanced driving licences issued by certain states and provinces.[35] Unlike the Certificate of Indigenous Status, the document is only issued to American citizens.[35] The document is treated by Canadian and American border controls as equivalent to an [enhanced driving licence](/source/Enhanced_driver's_license)[36] and may additionally be accepted by Mexican border control for entry up to 20–30 km from the border subject to prevailing permit requirements.[37][38] ### Kikapoo I-872 Native American Card Mexican citizens enrolled in the [Texas Band of Kickapoo Indians](/source/Texas_Band_of_Kickapoo_Indians) or [Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma](/source/Kickapoo_Tribe_of_Oklahoma) may enter United States by land or sea using the Form I-872 American Indian Card, which provides for freedom of movement across the border for the Kickapoo first nation regardless of citizenship.[34][35][c] ### American Samoans While the indigenous peoples of Hawaii, the American mainland, and most American territories have been granted full American citizenship and the accompanying right to apply for a passport on the same basis as any other American, the native population of American Samoa have not. As specified in [8 U.S.C.](/source/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code) [§ 1408](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1408), a person whose only connection to the America is through birth in an outlying possession (which is defined in [8 U.S.C.](/source/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code) [§ 1101](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101) as [American Samoa](/source/American_Samoa) and [Swains Island](/source/Swains_Island), which is administered as part of American Samoa), or through descent from a person so born, acquires American nationality but not citizenship. This was formerly the case in only four other current or former [American territories](/source/U.S._overseas_possessions).[40] The origin of this distinction in status is the [United States Supreme Court](/source/United_States_Supreme_Court)’s jurisprudence in the [Insular Cases](/source/Insular_Cases), in which the court held that the indigenous inhabitants of newly acquired territories did not automatically acquire full American citizenship. Consequently, American Samoans are issued passports containing endorsement code 9 which states: "THE BEARER IS A UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND NOT A UNITED STATES CITIZEN." on the annotations page.[41] Non-citizen American nationals may reside and work in the United States without restrictions, but must apply for citizenship under the same rules as resident aliens. Like resident aliens, they are [not presently allowed by any American state to vote in federal or state elections](/source/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote_in_the_United_States), although, as with resident aliens, there is no constitutional prohibition against their doing so. ## Laissez-passers "Laissez-passer" redirects here. For other uses, see [Laissez-passer (disambiguation)](/source/Laissez-passer_(disambiguation)). A laissez-passer (French pronunciation: [\[lɛse pase\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French); lit. 'let pass') is a travel document issued by a national government or certain international organisations. A laissez-passer is often for one-way travel to the issuing country for [humanitarian](/source/Humanitarian) reasons only such as [Restoring Family Links](/source/Restoring_Family_Links). Some national governments issue laissez-passers to their own nationals as emergency [passports](/source/Passport). Others issue them to people who are [stateless](/source/Statelessness), or who are unable to obtain a passport from their own government, or whose government is not recognised by the issuing country. During the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), they were issued by French consulates to people who would otherwise be unable to enter the country due to travel restrictions, but were allowed to enter for a single trip on compassionate grounds.[42] Historically, laissez-passers were commonly issued during wartime and at other periods, literally acting as a pass to allow travel to specific areas, or out of war zones or countries for various officials, diplomatic agents, other representatives or citizens of third countries. In these contexts, a laissez-passer would frequently include quite specific and limited [freedom of movement](/source/Freedom_of_movement). The form and issuing authority would be more or less standardized, depending on the circumstances. For example, during the early 1950s, the Iraqi government granted permission to its 120,000 Jewish citizens to leave ([Operation Ezra and Nehemiah](/source/Operation_Ezra_and_Nehemiah)), conditional on their renouncing their citizenship and leaving behind all their properties and assets. The travel document that was issued was the *laissez-passer*, since an Iraqi passport was no longer possible.[43] The most common laissez-passer is the [United Nations laissez-passer](/source/United_Nations_laissez-passer) (UNLP) issued by the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) under the provisions of Article VII of the 1946 [Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations](/source/Convention_on_the_Privileges_and_Immunities_of_the_United_Nations)[44] in its offices in New York and Geneva, as well as by the [ILO](/source/International_Labour_Organization).[45] The UNLP is issued to UN and ILO staff as well as staff members of international organisations such as the [WHO](/source/WHO), the [IAEA](/source/IAEA), the [World Tourism Organization](/source/World_Tourism_Organization), the [Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation Preparatory Commission](/source/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty_Organisation_Preparatory_Commission), the [Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](/source/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons) (OPCW), the [WTO](/source/World_Trade_Organization), the [International Monetary Fund](/source/International_Monetary_Fund), the [International Organisation for Migration](/source/International_Organization_for_Migration) (IOM), the World Intellectual Property Organization and the [World Bank](/source/World_Bank). The document is written in English and French, two of the six [working languages of the United Nations](/source/Working_language#United_Nations_working_languages), those two being selected because French was in the recent past the language of diplomacy, but was replaced with English when the British Empire decolonized, creating a large network of English language diplomacy economies.[46] The UNLP is a valid travel document, which can be used like a national passport (in connection with travel on official missions only). However, UNLP holders often encounter immigration officials who are unfamiliar with the document and require them to show a national passport in addition.[45] As with national passports, some countries and regions accept it for entry without the need for a [visa](/source/Travel_visa) (e.g., [Turkmenistan](/source/Turkmenistan),[47] Kenya, the United Kingdom, [Schengen Area](/source/Schengen_Area), Lebanon, etc.), while other countries may require a visa before accepting it for entry (depending on the nationality of the UNLP holder). Similarly, the [European Union laissez-passer](/source/European_Union_laissez-passer) is issued to civil servants and members of the [institutions of the European Union](/source/Institutions_of_the_European_Union). It is proof of privileges and immunities the holders enjoy. The document is valid in all countries of the [European Union](/source/European_Union) as well as in over 100 other countries. In 2006, the [European Commission](/source/European_Commission) issued or renewed 2,200 laissez-passer, and other agencies may issue the document as well.[48] The [Interpol Travel Document](/source/Interpol_Travel_Document) is a document similar to the United Nations and European Union laissez-passer and is issued to [Interpol](/source/Interpol) officers for travel to Interpol member countries. They are intended to reduce response times for personnel deployed to assist with transnational criminal investigations, major events or emergency situations by waiving normal visa requirements.[49] The travel documents consist of an [e-Passport Booklet](/source/Passport) and an [e-Identification Card](/source/ID_card) identifying the holder as an Interpol officer, granting them special immigration status when travelling on official Interpol duties to participating member countries.[50] - The front cover of a blue [machine-readable](/source/Machine-readable_passport) United Nations laissez-passer - The front cover of a red [machine-readable](/source/Machine-readable_passport) United Nations diplomatic laissez-passer - The front of the card-form Interpol Travel Document *Laissez-passer* documents may also be issued to goods or other non-living objects to facilitate their transport across international borders. For instance, the [Agreement on the Transfer of Corpses](/source/Agreement_on_the_Transfer_of_Corpses) sets out rules whereby [human corpses](/source/Cadaver) may be issued *laissez-passer* documents in order for a body to be buried or cremated in a country different from the one in which the person died. ## Identity cards Argentine [National ID card](/source/Documento_Nacional_de_Identidad_(Argentina)) valid for travel to other [Mercosur](/source/Mercosur) countries in lieu of a passport Certain jurisdictions permit the use of identity cards to clear border controls. For instance, when travelling between India and Nepal or Bhutan, Indian citizens may utilise national voter ID cards, ration cards, or [national identity cards](/source/Aadhar). Indian citizens may also obtain identity slips at the Indian consulate in Phuentsholing if they intend to proceed beyond city limits as Phuentsholing, the financial capital of Bhutan, is de facto within India's visa and customs area. When travelling to India, citizens of Nepal and Bhutan can utilise similar documents. Children may use birth certificates as proof of identity. Similarly, many [Mercosur](/source/Mercosur) countries reciprocally permit travel using identity cards. Permanent residents of [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong) and [Macau](/source/Macau) [SARs](/source/Special_administrative_regions_of_China) do not require passports when travelling in either region regardless of their citizenship status. Hong Kong residents can enjoy 1 year visa-free access to Macau and Macau residents can enjoy 180 days visa-free access to Hong Kong. But such non-permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau who possess a [Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes](/source/Hong_Kong_Document_of_Identity_for_Visa_Purposes) or [Visit Permit for Residents of Macao to HKSAR](/source/Visit_Permit_for_Residents_of_Macao_to_HKSAR) to travel in either region with identity cards for up to 30 days. In Western Europe, travel using identity cards is relatively common for citizens of the European Economic Area and adjacent territories.[d] Within the Schengen Area, there are limited border controls in place and national identity cards may be used to clear them. Since August 2021, identity cards within the European Economic Area have been standardised under [EU Regulation 2019/1157](/source/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area#New_European_Union_standards_from_2019).[51] The new standard is intended to replace and harmonise the various identity card models currently in use across the [European Union](/source/European_Union) (EU) and the [European Economic Area](/source/European_Economic_Area) (EEA).[e] Citizens of [Lebanon](/source/Lebanon) and [Jordan](/source/Jordan) do not require passports when travelling in either country if they are carrying ID cards, while citizens of the [Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf](/source/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf) countries need only national ID cards (also referred to as civil ID cards) to cross the borders of council countries. In North America, American citizens may travel to Canada or certain islands in the Caribbean using the [passport card](/source/United_States_Passport_Card) while children holding Canadian or American citizenship may travel between America and Canada using birth certificates under certain circumstances. An [Enhanced Driving Licence](/source/Enhanced_Drivers_License) is an identity card issued by provincial and state authorities in Canada and America that, in addition to serving as a valid driving licence, enables its bearer to clear land border controls between the two countries. It is not valid for air travel and does not permit its holder to clear border controls at airports. Certain provinces and states may issue similar enhanced versions of regional identity cards issued to individuals who do not drive. Similarly, a [Border Crossing Card](/source/Border_Crossing_Card) (BCC) is an identity document issued by the American government to nationals of Mexico. As a standalone document, the BCC allows its holder to visit border areas[f] when entering by land or sea directly from Mexico for up to 30 days[53][54] and, when presented with a valid [Mexican passport](/source/Mexican_passport), functions as a [B1/B2 visa](/source/B_visa) for entry to any part of the United States by any means of transportation.[55][34] Additionally, Mexico permits the use of [identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas](/source/Matr%C3%ADcula_Consular),[39] voter ID cards, and [CURP cards](/source/Unique_Population_Registry_Code) by Mexican citizens entering the country, which has the effect of enabling individuals who use the BCC or an American Permanent Resident Card as a standalone travel document when travelling to re-enter Mexico without a passport. Members of the East African Community (composed of [Kenya](/source/Kenya), [Tanzania](/source/Tanzania), [Uganda](/source/Uganda), [Rwanda](/source/Rwanda) and [Burundi](/source/Burundi)) may issue an [East African passport](/source/East_African_Community#East_African_passport). East African passports are recognised by only the five members, and are only used for travel between or among those countries. The requirements for eligibility are less rigorous than are the requirements for national passports used for other international travel. The member states of the [Economic Community of West African States](/source/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States) (ECOWAS) do not require passports for their citizens when moving within the community. National ID cards are sufficient. The member states are [Benin](/source/Benin), [Burkina Faso](/source/Burkina_Faso), [Cape Verde](/source/Cape_Verde), [Gambia](/source/Gambia), [Ghana](/source/Ghana), [Guinea](/source/Guinea), [Guinea Bissau](/source/Guinea-Bissau), [Ivory Coast](/source/Ivory_Coast), [Liberia](/source/Liberia), [Mali](/source/Mali), [Niger](/source/Niger), [Nigeria](/source/Nigeria), [Senegal](/source/Senegal), [Sierra Leone](/source/Sierra_Leone), and [Togo](/source/Togo). Many Central American and South American nationals can travel within their respective regional economic zones, such as [Mercosur](/source/Mercosur) and the [Andean Community of Nations](/source/Andean_Community_of_Nations), or on a bilateral basis (e.g., between Chile and Peru, between Brazil and Chile), without passports, presenting instead their national ID cards, or, for short stays, their voter-registration cards. In some cases this travel must be done overland rather than by air. [Mercosur](/source/Mercosur) citizens can travel visa-free and only with their ID cards between the member and associated countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina).[56] ## Travel documents for permanent residents Further information: [Permanent residency](/source/Permanent_residency) The American re-entry permit is a travel document for permanent residents issued on request. Green Card issued to all American permanent residents A booklet-form Japan re-entry permit issued to [special permanent residents](/source/Special_permanent_resident_(Japan)) of Japan A sticker/stamp form Japanese Re-entry Permit issued to ordinary permanent residents Some countries issue travel documents to permanent residents (i.e. foreign citizens permitted to reside there indefinitely) or other non-citizens, usually for re-entry but also occasionally valid for international travel. The [American Re-Entry Permit](/source/U.S._re-entry_permit) is an example of such a document. Valid for international travel, it is issued to lawful permanent residents temporarily expatriating overseas. Unlike the ["Green Card"](/source/Permanent_residence_(United_States)) issued to all permanent residents, this document is not mandatory. The American "Green Card", on its own or in conjunction with a passport, is valid for international travel albeit not to the same extent as the re-entry permit. Both documents can be utilised to clear American border controls regardless of the bearer's nationality, thus resulting in America not requiring permanent residents to hold a passport from their home country in order to remain lawfully present or to lawfully enter.[g] Singapore issues [national identity cards](/source/National_Registration_Identity_Card) to permanent residents in the same manner as it does to citizens, but additionally requires any permanent resident travelling abroad to hold a valid electronic re-entry permit and a passport or other travel document from their home country. Similarly, Hong Kong and Macau issue permanent resident cards to all permanent residents including those without Chinese citizenship. While Canada does not issue a mandatory national identity card to its citizens, it issues the [Canada permanent resident card](/source/Canada_permanent_resident_card), which serves as a valid travel document for Canadian permanent residents to clear border controls in the country. Additionally, Canada requires any Canadian Permanent Residents entering the country by air to use their [Permanent Resident Card](/source/Canada_permanent_resident_card) or a special document authorising their return.[57] No such requirement is imposed on a permanent resident entering by land or sea. Canadian citizens are prohibited from using a foreign passport to enter the country.[58] Japan issues a [re-entry permit](/source/Japan_Re-entry_Permit) for individuals holding [permanent resident status](/source/Immigration_to_Japan#Permanent_Resident). This document is issued in one of two formats depending on the nationality status of the holder. For ordinary permanent residents holding a passport from their country of citizenship, it is issued as a stamp or sticker affixed to a page on its holder's passport. For members of the [Chōsen-seki](/source/Ch%C5%8Dsen-seki) community and descendants of Taiwanese immigrants whose ancestors moved to Japan when Korea and Taiwan were Japanese colonies, who are classified as [special permanent residents](/source/Special_permanent_resident_(Japan)), a booklet-form Japan re-entry Permit is issued for international travel. While special permanent residents are treated by Japanese authorities as similar to Japanese citizens in most regards, including access to consular assistance, they are [unable to participate](/source/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote#Japan) in elections or exercise other rights reserved specifically for Japanese citizens. Nevertheless, they enjoy greater legal rights than ordinary permanent residents. For example, special permanent residents are not subject to immigration control under Article 5 of the [Immigration Control Act 1951](http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/english/newimmiact/pdf/RefugeeRecognitionAct01.pdf). During the [coronavirus pandemic of 2020](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), special permanent residents were allowed the right of return, while other permanent residents were denied permission to enter Japan.[59][60] ## Seafarers' identity documents Main articles: [Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003](/source/Seafarers'_Identity_Documents_Convention_(Revised)%2C_2003) and [Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958](/source/Seafarers'_Identity_Documents_Convention%2C_1958) Comparison between a passport and a seafarers' identity document Data page of a seafarers' identity document A seafarers' identity document (also known as a seaman's identity document or merchant mariner credential) is a travel document issued to [individuals authorised](/source/Licensed_mariner) to serve as crew members aboard vessels engaged in international voyages. Like an ordinary passport, it contains its holder's personal information and is generally issued by the same authorities. Additionally, it contains information as to its bearer's qualifications to serve on a ship's crew. In certain jurisdictions, of seafarers' identity documents are entitled to simplified visa requirements when travelling on duty. For instance, [mainland China](/source/Visa_policy_of_mainland_China#Merchant_seamen) maintains a simplified visa regime for holders of certain countries' seafarers' identity documents travelling on duty. ## Special travel documents While the majority of international travellers clear border controls using passports or national identity cards, a wide variety of travel documents are utilised by individuals in irregular situations, ranging from de jure or de facto [stateless](/source/Statelessness) individuals to individuals affected by international border disputes, the aftermath of the fall of states such as Yugoslavia or the USSR, or other legal complexities. Such travel documents are typically subject to greater scrutiny by border control authorities, with countries such as Singapore imposing [strict controls](/source/Visa_policy_of_Singapore#Assessment_Level_II_Countries) on stateless individuals and refugees regardless of the issuing country of their travel documents. ### Certificate of identity Main articles: [Certificate of Identity](/source/Certificate_of_Identity), [Refugee travel document](/source/Refugee_travel_document), and [1954 Convention travel document](/source/1954_Convention_travel_document) A 1954 Convention travel document issued in Germany in 2008 Canadian Refugee Travel Document A certificate of identity is a travel document issued by a country to non-citizens (also called [aliens](/source/Alien_(law))) residing within their borders who are [stateless persons](/source/Statelessness) or otherwise unable to obtain a passport from their state of nationality (generally [refugees](/source/Refugee)). Some states also issue certificates of identity to their own citizens as a form of emergency [passport](/source/Passport) or otherwise in lieu of a passport. The visa requirements of certificates of identity may be different from those of regular passports. There are three types of certificate of identity: [1954 Convention travel documents](/source/1954_Convention_travel_document), [1951 Convention travel documents](/source/Refugee_travel_document), and non-convention travel documents. A 1954 Convention travel document is a certificate of identity issued to a (typically, but not always, [stateless](/source/Statelessness)) person in circumstances of any difficulties in gaining a travel document from their country of origin.[61] Similarly, a 1951 Convention travel document (or refugee travel document) is a certificate of identity issued to a [refugee](/source/Refugee) by the state in which they normally reside in allowing them to travel outside that state and to return there. Refugees are unlikely to be able to obtain [passports](/source/Passport) from their state of nationality (from which they have sought asylum) and therefore need travel documents so that they might engage in international travel. The 145 states which are parties to the 1951 [Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees](/source/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees) are obliged to issue travel documents to refugees lawfully resident in their territory.[62] Refugee travel documents are passport-like booklets. Their cover bears the words "Travel Document" in English and [French](/source/French_language) (and often in the language of the issuing state), as well as the date of the convention: 28 July 1951. The documents were originally grey, though some countries now issue them in other colours, with two diagonal lines in the upper left corner of the front cover. Non-Convention (or non-National) travel documents are certificates of identity issued by a country to non-citizen (also called [alien](/source/Alien_(law))) residents who do not have access to passport facilities from their own countries, are not recognised as either Convention refugees, and are not officially [stateless](/source/Statelessness) under the 1954 [Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons](/source/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Stateless_Persons) (or the country they live in has not signed that convention). These are issued in many jurisdictions across the globe in which significant numbers of residents are stateless. For instance, Singapore permanent residents who are stateless are issued booklet-form [Certificates of Identity](/source/Singapore_Certificate_of_Identity) in lieu of a passport while Indonesia issues the [Paspor Orang Asing](/source/Paspor_Orang_Asing) to its stateless permanent residents. The issue [Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes](/source/Hong_Kong_Document_of_Identity_for_Visa_Purposes) and [Macau Travel Permit](/source/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_Travel_Permit), serve a similar function in China's special administrative regions and are issued to stateless permanent residents and to Chinese citizens temporarily residing in the region who hold neither permanent residence of Hong Kong or Macau nor residence status in the mainland and are thereby ineligible for any category of Chinese passport. The Indian government issues [non-convention certificates of identity](/source/Indian_Identity_Certificate) to members of the large Tibetan exile community and to other stateless residents of India. Certificates of identity are routinely issued upon request of the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government in exile based in [Dharamsala](/source/Dharamsala). This document is accepted by most countries border control policies in lieu of a passport, although it is not a machine readable document. Tibetans travelling to areas administered by the Republic of China or People's Republic of China may be required to use a [ROC passport without right of abode](/source/National_without_household_registration) or a Chinese Travel Document instead. When issued to a Tibetan residing in India, a certificate of identity is invariably endorsed as being valid for return to India and therefore exempts the holder from requiring a visa to clear Indian border controls upon re-entry. Between 2000[63] and 2008, the [United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo](/source/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo) (UNMIK) issued the UNMIK Travel Document, a non-convention travel document, to residents of [Kosovo](/source/Kosovo)[h] who were not able to obtain a passport from [Yugoslavia](/source/Yugoslavia), for the purpose of foreign travel.[63] After the government of Kosovo started to issue [their own passports](/source/Kosovan_passport), the UNMIK ceased issuing them. Existing UNMIC travel documents retained their validity until expiry (the last ones expired in 2010). In light of the disputed nationality status of residents of Kosovo, the UNMIK travel document did not contain information on [nationality](/source/Nationality). The document was labelled *UNMIK travel document/titre de voyage* on the cover, contained 32 pages, and was valid for 2 years. It contained a [machine readable](/source/Machine-readable_passport) strip. As the issuing authority was the UNMIK, the document had the official three-letter code "UNK" where normally the country code is placed.[65] It was the only other travel document issued by the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) besides the [United Nations Laissez-Passer](/source/United_Nations_Laissez-Passer), which is mainly issued to employees of the UN and its specialised agencies. As the status of Kosovo was and remains controversial, the document was not widely accepted[66] and, although America did accept the UNMIK Travel Document, it did not place visa stickers in the document itself, but on a detached sheet.[67] ### Chinese Travel Document Chinese Travel Document The Chinese Government requires certain Chinese citizens to use the [Chinese Travel Document](/source/Chinese_Travel_Document) ([Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 中国旅行证; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Lǚ​xíng Zhèng*) when entering the mainland. Circumstances in which the CTD is required include: - When it is "inconvenient", "unnecessary", or not permitted to issue a [People's Republic of China passport](/source/People's_Republic_of_China_passport) to Chinese nationals.[68] - Chinese nationals residing in [Mainland China](/source/Mainland_China) who lost their passport while travelling abroad may apply for this document as an emergency passport for returning to China. - Chinese nationals who are permanent residents of Hong Kong and [Macau](/source/Macau) intending to enter Mainland China directly from other countries without a [Home Return Permit](/source/Home_Return_Permit). - Taiwanese residents of the areas administered by the Republic of China[i] intending to enter Mainland China or Hong Kong directly from other countries, who are Chinese nationals according to Chinese law. Travelling to Hong Kong, however, requires a separate application for a visa-like entry permit. - Chinese nationals born abroad who acquired Chinese nationality at birth in accordance with the [Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China](/source/Nationality_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China) through *[jus sanguinis](/source/Jus_sanguinis)*. The Chinese Travel Document is issued as a Chinese identification and travel document. - Chinese nationals born in China who do not have a Hukou in China and who have exited China using an exit permit. This could include a person who holds a non-Chinese passport. ### Israeli Travel Document in lieu of a National Passport A [Travel Document in Lieu of National Passport](/source/Israeli_travel_document_in_lieu_of_national_passport) ([Hebrew](/source/Hebrew_language): תעודת מעבר במקום דרכון לאומי *Teudat Ma'avar bimkom Darkon Leumi*)[69] may be issued to an [Israeli citizen](/source/Israeli_citizenship) in a number of circumstances.[j] They are normally valid for two years, and not for more than five years. The issuance of travel documents instead of passports became prevalent in the 1990s as the Israeli government reacted to a wave of Russian organised crime gangs who immigrated to Israel and began using Israeli passports for their activities.[73] Individuals holding such travel documents may face greater scrutiny by border control officers overseas as well as ineligibility for visa free entry to certain jurisdictions. - Israeli travel document front cover - The first page within the Israeli travel document ## Travel documents for animals See also: [Animal passport (disambiguation)](/source/Animal_passport_(disambiguation)) ### Pet Travel Scheme Main article: [Pet passport](/source/Pet_passport) The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) is a system which allows animals to travel easily between member countries without undergoing [quarantine](/source/Quarantine). A pet passport is a document that officially records information related to a specific animal, as part of that procedure. The effect is to drastically speed up and simplify travel with and transport of animals between member countries, compared to previous procedures if the regulations are followed.[74] On 1 October 2001, the European Union introduced the PETS scheme, under which animals from any member country may freely travel to any other member country on approved carriers. PETS was originally introduced for the benefit of animals entering or returning to the United Kingdom from other European Union countries, since historically the United Kingdom had very strong controls to safeguard against [rabies](/source/Rabies) including a compulsory six-month [quarantine](/source/Quarantine) period on imports of many animals.[75] Over time the scheme has rolled out to other countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The pet passport itself comes in multiple forms, sometimes a pink A4 sheet, sometimes a small blue booklet. It contains the [microchip](/source/Microchip_implant_(animal)) or the tattoo number of the animal, the certification that it has had a rabies vaccination, and needs to be signed by an officially approved [veterinarian.](/source/Veterinary)[74] A new style passport with laminated strips and additional security measures was introduced in the United Kingdom in December 2014. Old style passports remain valid.[76][77] The passport is not to be confused with a much smaller folder (sometimes purple coloured), routinely issued by vets,[78] which records the complete vaccination history of the pet.[79] Requirements for eligible animals: - Subcutaneous (below the skin) [microchip implant](/source/Microchip_implant_(animal)) that meets the [International Society of Pharmacovigilance](/source/International_Society_of_Pharmacovigilance) (SoP) specification. - Certified [rabies](/source/Rabies) [vaccination](/source/Vaccine) and results from a [blood](/source/Blood) [serology](/source/Serology) test to confirm the presence of rabies antibodies. For pet travel in Europe, the rabies vaccine should be administered by a veterinarian with a minimum of 21 days before travel. Some countries may differ and always check with your local veterinarian for the procedures to follow.[80] - Proof of treatment for [ticks](/source/Tick), [fleas](/source/Flea) and [tapeworms](/source/Tapeworm) - Veterinarian's letter or certificate confirming fitness to travel and/or no obvious signs of disease - Government certification that the veterinarian's export documentation and certificates are in order for travel In some countries, the formal passport is needed. Others will accept documentation in any form so long as it provides clear evidence of the procedure being followed. Usually, the animal and its papers are checked thoroughly upon both departure and arrival.[81] A pet passport alone can be used to enter some countries if it records all relevant information (e.g., the United Kingdom), but it will not suffice to enter many countries. For instance [Guatemala](/source/Guatemala), in common with almost every country operating such a scheme, demands that all [imported](/source/Import) pets have a rabies vaccination, but will not accept the pet passport as proof of said vaccination. They require the proof of the rabies vaccination in the animal's records.[82] Tapeworm treatment must be administered by a vet not less than 24 hours and not more than 120 hours (1–5 days) before scheduled arrival time.[74] Specific country regulations: - United Kingdom: The rules for bringing pets into the United Kingdom can be quite complex. The official United Kingdom Government website covers this topic in detail.[83] Dogs, cats & ferrets with Pet Passports from EU (& some other) countries can enter the United Kingdom via specified routes and ferry companies, including the Channel Tunnel by car. Before entering the United Kingdom, most pet dogs (including assistance dogs), but not cats or ferrets, must be treated for tapeworm.[84] The treatment must be administered by a vet not less than 24 hours and not more than 120 hours (1–5 days) before its scheduled arrival time in the United Kingdom. (There is no mandatory requirement for tick treatment.) No treatment is required for dogs entering the United Kingdom from Finland, Ireland, Norway or Malta.[84] All animals (except guide dogs) travelling by air to the United Kingdom must travel in the hold as manifest cargo & can only use specific airports and airlines. (Similar rules apply to pets arriving by sea, other than by specific ferry services.) British law precludes all animals entering the United Kingdom by air either in the cabin or in the hold as 'excess' or 'checked' baggage. Most airlines do not offer cargo services to individual passengers directly and specialist agents are normally used. United Kingdom law does not prohibit the transport of dogs and cats in the cabin or as hold baggage when departing from the United Kingdom, but restrictions may be imposed by individual airlines or destination countries. - Japan: Although a participant in the PETs scheme, to bring pets into Japan from member states there are several separate procedures that must be followed. These do not cover Iceland, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, and Guam, which have designated region ([rabies](/source/Rabies) free) status. If you take a pet out of Japan, it may take between 6 months to a year for it to re-enter. Including prior contact with Japanese Quarantine several months before entry.[k] The PETS scheme is not yet standardised. This leads to much confusion. Every journey between any two countries should be researched separately to ensure that the animal will be accepted for travel upon arrival at the departure point.[86] - The major delay in obtaining a pet passport is the time required for the rabies vaccination. The implications are: 1. An animal may get a valid rabies vaccination and serology check, and then apply for a passport on the spot, at a later date. 1. An animal whose rabies vaccination is allowed to go out of date (typically 1–2 years) by even one day, without a [booster](/source/Booster_dose), must start with a new vaccination and delay. - Because PETS is European wide, the regulations may differ for travel within, and outside, Europe. Pet owners should take care since the requirements for travel to a destination may be quite different from the requirements upon returning. - A suitable and carrier-approved [travel crate](/source/Crate_(pet)) may be required, which must have the correct food and water containers as set out by the relevant bodies. - Animals should **not** be sedated for air travel since altitude can affect medications. Most airlines will not accept tranquilised animals nowadays. Instead, they are kept in a dark, heated, pressurized hold, which encourages them to sleep for the duration of travel. - Larger animals may be restricted to airline routes which can accommodate their crates. Not all airlines will carry animals, and charges vary widely – check with each airline before travel. - Some routes will not fly animals if the temperature is adverse - Many airlines are unable to provide details of formal procedures, you may need to check with a vet or the [consulate](/source/Consulate) of the relevant countries to confirm details. - Since airline staff are often (at present) poorly trained or uncertain, and conflicting information may be provided, at present it is sensible to double check and document all information supplied. - In airlines, animals may travel as excess baggage or [cargo](/source/Cargo). "Excess baggage" (in effect treating the crate and animal as another suitcase) ensures they travel on the same flight and is often much cheaper. - The United Kingdom restricts incoming flights to ship animals as cargo. A cheaper alternative around this aberration in the rules is to fly to some other European city, such as [Paris](/source/Paris) or [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), and then travel to the United Kingdom by [rail](/source/Rail_transport) or [ferry](/source/Ferry) instead, which do not have this restriction. Passengers travelling with animals by rail or ferry to or from the United Kingdom must in many cases need to have access to a vehicle, as you cannot currently take animals directly on foot by Eurostar, and neither on most ferry routes. After arriving in Europe from a non-EU participating country, the certificate received from customs/quarantine is valid for Europe wide travel for up to 4 months, though it is best to contact [DEFRA](/source/Department_for_Environment%2C_Food_and_Rural_Affairs) directly prior to travel. ### Horse passports Main article: [Horse passport](/source/Horse_passport) A horse passport is documentation that allows [horses](/source/Horse) to be accurately identified and more easily be transported internationally. In the United States, they are primarily intended for animals competing in [International Federation for Equestrian Sports](/source/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports) (FEI) events. In the United Kingdom, it is now required for all equines to have a "passport" and an animal cannot be sold without one.[87] The United Kingdom law, passed in 2003, allows owners to keep a horse from entering the food chain for [slaughter](/source/Horse_slaughter) by signing a declaration which allows the horse to be treated with medications that are inexpensive but not appropriate for animals that will be used as food. It also means the owners will have to find a means other than slaughter to dispose of an unwanted horse.[88] All equines, including horses, ponies, donkeys and other equids, must have a passport and owners can be fined up to £5,000 if the animal does not.[89] In the United States, the [United States Equestrian Federation](/source/United_States_Equestrian_Federation) (USEF) issues passports for FEI competition. To obtain a passport, the horse must be life-registered with the USEF, be owned by a U.S. Citizen, who must be a member of the USEF. The passport must be renewed every four years and updated if the animal changes ownership.[90] ## Internal travel documents Main article: [Border control § Internal border controls](/source/Border_control#Internal_border_controls) In countries which maintain [internal border controls](/source/Border_control#Internal_border_controls), travel documents are required for travellers crossing internal borders. Internal travel documents are commonly issued in minority and border regions of India and China. In India, special permits are required to travel across much of the country's north-east and requirements may vary within a given state. Special provisions are occasionally made for individuals from [Bhutan](/source/Bhutan) or [Nepal](/source/Nepal) proceeding to or from their home country. Additionally, individuals arriving in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from elsewhere in India receive passport stamps (see gallery at end of section), even though only foreigners are typically subject to permit requirements. Permits issued for minority regions in India include: - [Restricted Area Permits and Protected Area Permits](/source/Foreigners_(Protected_Areas)_Order_1958_(India)) for foreigners in portions of north-eastern India and the [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](/source/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands) - [Inner Line Permits](/source/Inner_Line_Permit) for Indian citizens Similarly, in the [Tibet Autonomous Region](/source/Tibet_Autonomous_Region) ([Tibetan](/source/Classical_Tibetan): བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།; [Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 西藏自治区), [two categories](/source/Visa_policy_of_China#Tibet_Autonomous_Region) of permits are issued: - The Tibet Travel Permits ([Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 外国人入藏函 *foreigners' entrance letter*) required for all foreigners (as well as Chinese citizens from the [Republic of China](/source/Republic_of_China)) to enter the region - The Alien Travel Permit required for holders of the Tibet Travel Permit to travel outside major urban and tourist areas of the region - The Military Permit (or Border Permit)[91] is required for travel to [Ngari](/source/Ngari_Prefecture) ([Tibetan](/source/Classical_Tibetan): མངའ་རིས་ས་ཁུལ་; [Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 阿里), [Nyingchi](/source/Nyingchi) ([Tibetan](/source/Classical_Tibetan): ཉིང་ཁྲི་ས།; [Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 林芝), and [Nagqu](/source/Nagqu) ([Tibetan](/source/Classical_Tibetan): ནག་ཆུ།; [Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 那曲) - Additionally, special permits are issued to nationals of India and Bhutan for religious pilgrimages to Hindu and Buddhist holy sites in the Tibet Autonomous Region.[91] Internal air and rail travel within non-autonomous portions of India and mainland China also generally require travel documents to be checked by government officials as a form of interior border checkpoint. For such travel within India, Indian citizens may utilise their [Voter ID](/source/Voter_ID_(India)), [National Identity Card](/source/Aadhaar), passport, or other proof of Indian citizenship whilst Nepali nationals may present any similar proof of Napali citizenship. Meanwhile, for such travel within mainland China, Chinese nationals from the mainland are required to use their national identity cards. Within China, extensive border controls are also maintained for those travelling between the [mainland](/source/Mainland_China), [special administrative regions](/source/Special_Administrative_Region_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China) of [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong) and [Macau](/source/Macau), and [areas controlled by the Republic of China](/source/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China).[i] Foreign nationals need to present their passports or other required types of travel documents when travelling between these areas. For Chinese nationals (including those with [British National (Overseas)](/source/British_National_(Overseas)) status), there are special documents[l] for travel between these territories. Similar arrangements exist for travel between territories controlled by the [Republic of China](/source/Republic_of_China) and territories controlled by the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China).[m] Internal border controls in China have also resulted in the creation of special permits allowing Chinese citizens to immigrate to or reside in other immigration areas within the country. The following documents are currently issued for this purpose: - For mainlanders emigrating to either of the two Special Administrative Regions, authorities in the mainland issue the [One Way Travel Permit](/source/People's_Republic_of_China_Permit_for_Proceeding_to_Hong_Kong_and_Macao) ([Chinese](/source/Chinese_language): 单程证; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Dānchéngzhèng*). As the policy is designed to curtail [emigration](/source/Emigration) from the mainland rather than immigration to either SAR, issuance is exclusively the responsibility of authorities in the mainland. - Since September 2018, authorities in the mainland have issued the [Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents](/source/Residence_Permit_for_Hong_Kong%2C_Macao%2C_and_Taiwan_Residents) ([Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 港澳台居民居住证; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Gǎng-Aò-Tái Jūmín Jūzhùzhèng*) authorising Chinese citizens from Hong Kong, Macau, and areas administered by the Republic of China to reside in the mainland. The permit is designed to resemble the national identity card issued to individuals with [household registration](/source/Hukou) in the mainland and enables holders to access public and private sector services that require a national identity card number. In Malaysia, where an arrangement was agreed upon during the formation of the country, the [East Malaysian](/source/East_Malaysia) states of [Sabah](/source/Sabah) and [Sarawak](/source/Sarawak) were allowed to retain their respective immigration control systems. Therefore, a passport is required for foreign visitors when travelling from [Peninsular Malaysia](/source/Peninsular_Malaysia) to East Malaysia, as well as moving between Sabah and Sarawak. For social/business visits not more than 3 months, Peninsular Malaysians are required to produce a [MyKad](/source/Malaysian_identity_card) or, for children below 12 years a [birth certificate](/source/Birth_certificate), and obtain a special immigration printout form to be kept until departure.[92] However, one may present a [Malaysian passport](/source/Malaysian_passport) or a Restricted Travel Document and get an entry stamp on the travel document to avoid the hassle of keeping an extra sheet of paper. For other purposes, Peninsular Malaysians are required to have a long-term residence permit along with a passport or a Restricted Travel Document. Prior to 2016, [Norfolk Island](/source/Norfolk_Island), one of [Australia's external, self-governing territories](/source/States_and_territories_of_Australia), maintained its own immigration controls. Until 2018, Australian and New Zealand citizens travelling to the territory were required to carry a passport, or an [Australian Document of Identity](/source/Australian_Document_of_Identity), while people of other nationalities must also have a valid Australian visa and/or [Permanent Resident of Norfolk Island visa](/source/Permanent_Resident_of_Norfolk_Island_visa).[93] Additionally, some states issue [internal passport](/source/Internal_passport) as an [identity document](/source/Identity_document). An example is the [internal passport of Russia](/source/Internal_passport_of_Russia) or certain other post-Soviet countries dating back to imperial times. Some countries use internal passports for controlling migration within a country. In some countries, the *international passport* or *passport for travel abroad* is a second passport, in addition to the internal passport, required for a citizen to travel abroad within the country of residence. Separate passports for travel abroad existed or exist in the following countries: - [Russia](/source/Russia): see [Internal passport of Russia](/source/Internal_passport_of_Russia) - [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine): see [Ukrainian identity card#Previous internal passport (1992-2016)](/source/Ukrainian_identity_card#Previous_internal_passport_(1992-2016)) - In the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union), there were several types of international passport: an ordinary one, a civil service passport, a diplomatic passport, and a sailor's passport. See [Passport system in the Soviet Union](/source/Passport_system_in_the_Soviet_Union). - Countries of the [Eastern Bloc](/source/Eastern_Bloc) had a system of internal/international passports similar to that of the Soviet Union. - Domestic Immigration stamp permitting entry into the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India - Sample of a One Way Travel Permit for internal emigration from mainland China to Hong Kong or Macau - Data page of a booklet type [internal travel document](/source/Exit_%26_Entry_Permit_for_Taiwan) issued by Taiwan authorities to a Mainland Chinese resident - Document In Lieu of Internal Travel Document (IMM.114) given to West Malaysian citizens entering the state of [Sabah](/source/Sabah) using [Malaysian identity card](/source/Malaysian_identity_card) for social and business visits. The form must be returned to the immigration officer upon departure from Sabah. - Malaysian entry stamps specify which jurisdictions (i.e. West or Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak) the bearer is permitted to enter, and there are immigration checks when entering each. - The entrance to the building of the [Shenzhen Bay Control Point](/source/Shenzhen_Bay_Control_Point), an internal border checkpoint between Hong Kong and the Chinese mainland - The Tibet Travel Permit, required to enter the [Tibet Autonomous Region](/source/Tibet_Autonomous_Region), is an example of internal border controls in minority regions of China and India. Other similar documents include Restricted Area Permits and Protected Area permits primarily issued to enter India's northeast. - Front and back of [mainland residence permits](/source/Residence_Permit_for_Hong_Kong%2C_Macao%2C_and_Taiwan_Residents) for Chinese citizens from Hong Kong and Macau (left) and Chinese citizens from areas administered by the Republic of China (right) - [Internal travel document](/source/Exit-Entry_Permit_for_Travelling_to_and_from_Hong_Kong_and_Macau) issued to Chinese citizens from the mainland for travel to and from Hong Kong and Macau ## International travel without travel documents The [Torres Strait](/source/Torres_Strait) separating [Australia](/source/Australia) and [Papua New Guinea](/source/Papua_New_Guinea) International travel is possible without travel documents in some circumstances.[94] Nonetheless, a document stating citizenship, such as a [national identity card](/source/National_identity_card) or an [Enhanced Driving Licence](/source/Enhanced_Drivers_License), is usually required.[94] The [Kartarpur Corridor](/source/Kartarpur_Corridor) allows devotees from India to visit the gurdwara in Kartarpur, 4.7 kilometres (2.9 miles) from the India–Pakistan border on the Pakistani side without a passport[95] or a visa. Residents of nine coastal villages in [Papua New Guinea](/source/Papua_New_Guinea) are permitted to enter the 'Protected Zone' of the [Torres Strait](/source/Torres_Strait) (part of [Queensland](/source/Queensland), [Australia](/source/Australia)) for traditional purposes. This exemption from passport control is part of a treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea negotiated when PNG became independent from Australia in 1975.[96] Vessels from other parts of Papua New Guinea and other countries attempting to cross into Australia or Australian waters are stopped by [Australian Border Force](/source/Australian_Border_Force) or the [Royal Australian Navy](/source/Royal_Australian_Navy). Travel documents are not needed by citizens of [India](/source/India) and [Nepal](/source/Nepal) to travel to each other's country, but some identification is required for border crossings and citizens from either country are not necessarily required to be inspected at checkpoints, though foreign nationals are required to comply with each country's visa policy. Similarly, Travel with minimal travel documents is possible between the United Kingdom, the [Isle of Man](/source/Isle_of_Man), [Guernsey](/source/Guernsey), [Jersey](/source/Jersey), and Ireland, which together form the [Common Travel Area](/source/Common_Travel_Area). The countries that are part of the [Schengen Area](/source/Schengen_Area), do not implement passport controls between each other, unless exceptional circumstances occur. It is, however, mandatory to carry a passport, compliant national identity card, alien's resident permit or some other photo ID. The [Nordic Passport Union](/source/Nordic_Passport_Union) allows Nordic citizens, i.e. citizens of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden to visit any of these countries without being in possession of identity documents (Greenland and Svalbard are excluded).[97] This is an extension of the principle that Nordic citizens need no identity document in their own country. A means to prove identity when requested is recommended (e.g. using a driver's licence, which does not state citizenship), even in one's own country. Joining the Schengen Area in 2001 has not changed those rules. For travel to the French islands of [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](/source/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon) directly from Canada, Canadians and foreign nationals holding Canadian identification documents are exempted from travel document and visa requirements for stays of maximum duration of 3 months within a period of 6 months. ### *De facto* travel documents See also: [Common Travel Area](/source/Common_Travel_Area) De facto travel documents are documents which in practice will be sufficient to cross borders legally, but with no legal status as a travel document. These are necessary in practice in areas in which travel documents are not expressly required for nationals of part Within the [Border Controls in the Common Travel Area](/source/Common_Travel_Area#Identity_and_immigration_checks), travel between [Ireland](/source/Ireland), the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom), the [British Crown Dependencies](/source/Crown_Dependencies), [Isle of Man](/source/Isle_of_Man) and [Channel Islands](/source/Channel_Islands), no travel documents are required by British or Irish citizens. As this requirement does not hold for others, these citizens have to establish the presumption of having this nationality, which requires in practice some form of identification. The documents used for this purpose (most notably: driving licence) are thus *de facto* travel documents. Some airlines still require passport from CTA citizens. The [Nordic Passport Union](/source/Nordic_Passport_Union) means that [Nordic](/source/Nordic_countries) citizens (of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Iceland) can stay in all those countries (on the paper) without any I.D., in the same way as in the home country. In reality an I.D. card is needed for travel and other situations, and any Nordic I.D. card is valid in the area for travel purposes (but not for residence, e.g. banking or authority contacts). ## Other means of identification Strictly speaking, it is not necessary for an [EU](/source/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union), [EEA](/source/European_Economic_Area) or [Swiss](/source/Swiss_nationality_law) citizen to possess a valid travel document (such as a [national identity card](/source/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Union) or [passport](/source/Passports_of_the_European_Union)) to enjoy the [right of free movement](/source/Directive_2004%2F38%2FEC_on_the_right_to_move_and_reside_freely) in the EU, EEA and [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland). In theory, if an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen can prove their nationality by 'any other means' (e.g., by presenting an expired national identity card or passport, or a citizenship certificate), they must be permitted to enter and reside in the EU, EEA and Switzerland without a visa. An EU citizen who is unable to demonstrate their nationality satisfactorily must nonetheless be given 'every reasonable opportunity' to obtain the necessary documents or to have them delivered within a reasonable period of time.[98][99][100] ## See also - [Chinese Travel Document](/source/Chinese_Travel_Document) - [Identity document](/source/Identity_document) - [Immigration law](/source/Immigration_law) - [Interpol Travel Document](/source/Interpol_Travel_Document) - [Passport](/source/Passport) - [PRADO – Public Register of Travel and Identity Documents Online](/source/PRADO_%E2%80%93_Public_Register_of_Travel_and_Identity_Documents_Online) – for European travel documents - [Refugee travel document](/source/Refugee_travel_document) - [Travel visa](/source/Travel_visa) - [U.S. Re-entry Permit](/source/U.S._Re-entry_Permit) ## Notes 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** The local governments of most inhabited [British Overseas Territories](/source/British_Overseas_Territories) issue passports to [British Overseas Territories citizens](/source/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen) resident holding [belonger status](/source/Belonger_status) in the territory concerned, while the Chinese [Special Administrative Regions](/source/Special_Administrative_Region) of Hong Kong and Macau issue passports to Chinese citizens holding permanent residence in the region concerned. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** These were issued to defined groups for travel together to particular destinations, such as a group of school children on a school trip.[16] 1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** Since Mexico permits the use of [identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas](/source/Matr%C3%ADcula_Consular)[39] and other documents demonstrating Mexican citizenship for its citizens entering the country, Mexican citizens holding membership in the Kickapoo first nation are effectively not required by either country to hold a passport or [Border Crossing Card](/source/Border_Crossing_Card) when travelling between the two countries by land or sea 1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** - [Albania](/source/Albania) accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino and Singapore. - [Bosnia and Herzegovina](/source/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from citizens of the EU, EFTA, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino and Serbia. - [North Macedonia](/source/North_Macedonia) accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Serbia. - [Montenegro](/source/Montenegro) accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Monaco, North Macedonia, San Marino and Serbia. - [Serbia](/source/Serbia) accepts national ID cards or passports for entry from nationals of the EU, EFTA (except Liechtenstein), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and North Macedonia. - [Turkey](/source/Turkey) allows citizens of Belgium, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, the partly recognized [Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus](/source/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus), Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Ukraine to enter with a valid national ID card. - [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine) reciprocally accepts for travel national ID cards issued to citizens of Georgia and Turkey. - EU and Turkish citizens are allowed to enter the partly recognized [Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus](/source/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus) with a valid ID card. - EU and Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Georgia with a valid ID card. - Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Moldova with a valid ID card. - Turkish citizens are allowed to enter Ukraine and Azerbaijan with a valid ID card if arriving directly from Turkey. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-eea-relevance_57-0)** The legal *[acquis](/source/Acquis_communautaire)* has been identified as [EEA](/source/European_Economic_Area)-relevant by the EU Commission, which makes it under scrutiny for incorporation into the [EEA Agreement](/source/European_Economic_Area) by [Iceland](/source/Iceland), [Liechtenstein](/source/Liechtenstein) and [Norway](/source/Norway). However, the legal basis rely on Article 21 of the [Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union](/source/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union), an article which is not reflected in the EEA Agreement.[52] 1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** Defined as follows: - [California](/source/California) and [Texas](/source/Texas): within 40 km of the border - [Arizona](/source/Arizona) within 121 km of the border - [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico) within 89 km of the border or up to [Interstate 10](/source/Interstate_10), whichever is further north 1. **[^](#cite_ref-63)** Since Mexico permits the use of [identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas](/source/Matr%C3%ADcula_Consular)[39] and other documents demonstrating Mexican citizenship for its citizens entering the country, Mexicans holding permanent residence in America are effectively not required by either country to hold a Mexican passport when travelling between the two countries 1. **[^](#cite_ref-72)** Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the [Republic of Kosovo](/source/Kosovo) and the [Republic of Serbia](/source/Serbia).[64] The Republic of Kosovo [unilaterally declared independence](/source/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence) on 17 February 2008. [Serbia continues to claim](/source/Kosovo%E2%80%93Serbia_relations) it as part of its [own sovereign territory](/source/Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo_and_Metohija). The two governments [began to normalise relations](/source/Belgrade%E2%80%93Pristina_negotiations) in 2013, as part of the [2013 Brussels Agreement](/source/Brussels_Agreement_(2013)). Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by 110 out of the 193 [United Nations member states](/source/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations). In total, [118](/source/International_recognition_of_Kosovo) UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which [eight](/source/International_recognition_of_Kosovo) later withdrew their recognition. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ROC_77-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ROC_77-1) The area under the definition consists of: - [Taiwan](/source/Geography_of_Taiwan) ([Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 台灣) - [Penghu](/source/Penghu) ([Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 澎湖) - [Kinmen](/source/Kinmen) ([Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 金門; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Jīnmén*) - [Matsu Islands](/source/Matsu_Islands) ([Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 馬祖列島; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo*) - [Other nearby islands](/source/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-82)** - A new immigrant to Israel acquires Israeli nationality immediately when issued with a certificate of immigration (תעודת עולה teudat oleh) upon arrival in the country, but this nationality may be waived with retroactive effect to the moment the certificate of immigration was issued if such an application is filed with the ministry of the interior within 90 days following the issuance of the certificate of immigration. During these 90 days, a new immigrant cannot apply for an Israeli passport or travel document unless they file a waiver of the right to waive the automatic acquisition of Israeli nationality. Prior to 2017, a new immigrant could not be issued with an Israeli passport until they had resided in Israel for a period of at least 270 days following the issuance of their certificate of immigration. In 2017, this restriction was lifted when the passport act was modified by the Knesset.[70][71] - Israeli citizens with criminal record. - Israeli citizens who have lost or destroyed over three passports. - Israeli citizens who have lost their passport during an overseas trip. - Israeli citizens who are returning to Israel by decision of the Israeli government.[72] 1. **[^](#cite_ref-96)** - The dog or cat must be microchipped. - The dog or cat must have stayed in the country for at least 180 days (6 months) since its birth or having left Japan. - The dog or cat must have had 2 rabies injections and a blood test 6 month before entering/re-entering Japan, proving the pet is free of rabies. This test must be carried out at a designated laboratory. - The dog or cat does not have or show signs of rabies or Leptospirosis (dogs only). To take a dog or cat out of Japan, on top of the necessary injections and microchip, you must:[85] - Have certificates issued by an official vet to prove that your dog/cat has been vaccinated, microchipped and wormed as necessary. These are vets designated by the prefecture as able to issue certificates and officially vaccinate your dog. - More than a week before travelling, notify Animal Quarantine Service at the port of departure, and apply for an export inspection for your dog/ cat. The inspection will be carried out by the Quarantine Office (Ken'eki-kyoku) before you check your pet in.[85] 1. **[^](#cite_ref-103)** For example, [Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card](/source/Hong_Kong_Permanent_Identity_Card) or [Macau Identity Card](/source/Macau_Identity_Card) and [Home Return Permit](/source/Home_Return_Permit) ([simplified Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 回乡证; [traditional Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 回鄉證; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Huíxiāngzhèng*) are required for Hong Kong or Macau Permanent Residents who are Chinese citizens to cross the border, whilst mainlanders require a [Two-Way Permit](/source/Exit-Entry_Permit_for_Travelling_to_and_from_Hong_Kong_and_Macau) ([Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 双程证). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-104)** Documents required for travel between the PRC and ROC are: - The [Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents](/source/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents) ([simplified Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 台胞证; [traditional Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 臺胞證; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Táibāozhèng*) issued by the PRC for entry to the mainland, which is also valid but not mandatory for entry to Hong Kong and Macau - The [Taiwan Entry Permit](/source/Exit_%26_Entry_Permit_for_Taiwan) ([Chinese](/source/Chinese_language): 入臺證; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *Rùtáizhèngg*) issued to mainlanders by the ROC - The [Kinmen-Matsu Permit](/source/Exit_%26_Entry_Permit_for_Taiwan) ([traditional Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 金馬證; [simplified Chinese](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters): 金马证; [pinyin](/source/Pinyin): *JīnMǎ zhèng*; [Pe̍h-ōe-jī](/source/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB): *Kim-Má-chèng*) issued to residents of [Kinmen](/source/Kinmen) and [Matsu](/source/Matsu_Islands) (ROC-administered territories in [Fujian](/source/Fujian_Province%2C_Republic_of_China) as well as [Penghu](/source/Penghu) for travel to and from the mainland. ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Passports Canada"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090313062304/http://www.ppt.gc.ca/pptc/documents.aspx?lang=eng). Archived from [the original](http://www.ppt.gc.ca/pptc/documents.aspx?lang=eng) on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Page 7 of IATA document"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051323/https://www.iata.org/publications/timatic/Documents/using_timatic_v3.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](https://www.iata.org/publications/timatic/Documents/using_timatic_v3.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2018. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Ökade möjligheter att resa inom EU med nationellt identitetskort](http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/19836/a/253101) (Swedish) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["FINLEX – Ursprungliga författningar: Statsrådets förordning om styrkande av rätten… 660/2013"](https://www.finlex.fi/sv/lagstiftning/forfattningssamling/2013/660). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["ilink – USCIS"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050051/https://www.uscis.gov/iframe/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-2006.html). *uscis.gov*. Archived from [the original](https://www.uscis.gov/iframe/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-2006.html) on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2021-11-13. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents"](http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p1_cons_en.pdf) (PDF). Seventh Edition, 2015. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. ICAO's work on machine readable travel documents began in 1968 with the establishment, by the Air Transport Committee of the Council, of a Panel on Passport Cards. This Panel was charged with developing recommendations for a standardized passport book or card that would be machine readable, in the interest of accelerating the clearance of passengers through passport controls. ... In 1998, the New Technologies Working Group of the TAG/MRTD began work to establish the most effective biometric identification system and associated means of data storage for use in MRTD applications, particularly in relation to document issuance and immigration considerations. The bulk of the work had been completed by the time the events of 11 September 2001 caused States to attach greater importance to the security of a travel document and the identification of its holder. The work was quickly finalized and endorsed by the TAG/MRTD and the Air Transport Committee. ... The Seventh Edition of Doc 9303 represents a restructuring of the ICAO specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents. Without incorporating substantial modifications to the specifications, in this new edition Doc 9303 has been reformatted into a set of specifications for Size 1 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD1), Size 2 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD2), and Size 3 Machine Readable Travel Documents (TD3) ... 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [*Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 2: Specifications for the Security of the Design, Manufacture and Issuance of MRTDs*](http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p2_cons_en.pdf) (PDF). Seventh Edition, 2015. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 2015. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-92-9249-791-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9249-791-0). Retrieved 22 November 2015. The Seventh Edition of Doc 9303 represents a restructuring of the ICAO specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents. Without incorporating substantial modifications to the specifications, in this new edition Doc 9303 has been reformatted into a set of specifications for Size 1 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD1), Size 2 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD2), and Size 3 Machine Readable Travel Documents (TD3), as well as visas. This set of specifications consists of various separate documents in which general (applicable to all MRTDs) as well as MRTD form factor specific specifications are grouped ... Where the substrate used for the biographical data page (or inserted label) of a passport book or MRTD card is formed entirely of plastic or a variation of plastic, it is not usually possible to incorporate many of the security components described in 5.1.1 through 5.1.3 ... **A.5.2.5 Special security measures for use with cards and biographical data pages made of plastic** Where a travel document is constructed entirely of plastic, optically variable security features shall be employed which give a changing appearance with angle of viewing. Such devices may take the form of latent images, lenticular features, colour-shifting ink, or diffractive optically variable image features. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [*Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3: Specifications Common to all MRTDs*](https://web.archive.org/web/20171019025121/https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p3_cons_en.pdf) (PDF). Seventh Edition, 2015. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 2015. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-92-9249-792-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9249-792-7). Archived from [the original](http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p3_cons_en.pdf) (PDF) on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2015. Part 3 defines specifications that are common to TD1, TD2 and TD3 size machine readable travel documents (MRTDs) including those necessary for global interoperability using visual inspection and machine readable (optical character recognition) means. Detailed specifications applicable to each form factor appear in Doc 9303, Parts 4 through 7. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [*Doc 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 5: Specifications for TD1 Size Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (MROTDs)*](http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p5_cons_en.pdf) (PDF). Seventh Edition, 2015. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 2015. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-92-9249-794-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9249-794-1). Retrieved 22 November 2015. The nominal dimensions shall be those specified in ISO/IEC 7810 for the ID-1 type card: 53.98 mm x 85.6 mm (2.13 in x 3.37 in) ... The edges of the document after final preparation shall be within the area circumscribed by the concentric rectangles as illustrated in Figure 1. Inner rectangle: 53.25 mm x 84.85 mm (2.10 in x 3.34 in), Outer rectangle: 54.75 mm x 86.35 mm (2.16 in x 3.40 in). In no event shall the dimensions of the finished TD1 document exceed the dimensions of the outer rectangle, including any final preparation (e.g. laminate edges) ... Note k: The first character shall be A, C or I. Historically these three characters were chosen for their ease of recognition in the OCR-B character set. The second character shall be at the discretion of the issuing State or organization except that V shall not be used, and C shall not be used after A except in the Crew Member Certificate. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["U.S. Passport Service Guide – Passport Card Facts"](http://www.us-passport-service-guide.com/passport-card.html). 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. A passport card serves the same purpose as a passport book. It attests to your United States citizenship and your identity. The passport card is a fully valid passport. However, it is similar in size to a credit card ... Production of the passport card began on July 14, 2008. Millions of cards have already been issued since that date. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-ICAO_12-0)** ["Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD)"](http://mypassportphotos.com/Biometrics-deployment-of-Machine-Readable-Travel-Documents.pdf) (PDF). *ICAO*. Retrieved August 8, 2016. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Schneier_13-0)** ["The ID Chip You Don't Want in Your Passport"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/15/AR2006091500923.html). *[Bruce Schneier](/source/Bruce_Schneier)*. 2006-09-16. Retrieved September 1, 2007. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Grunwald_14-0)** ["Scan This Guy's E-Passport and Watch Your System Crash"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070801212645/http://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/08/epassport). *Kim Zetter*. 1 August 2007. Archived from [the original](https://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/08/epassport) on August 1, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2007. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["About Liechtenstein - Tourism Overview"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130620010856/http://www.about-liechtenstein.co.uk/tourism/). *about-liechtenstein.co.uk*. Archived from [the original](http://www.about-liechtenstein.co.uk/tourism/) on 2013-06-20. 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Retrieved 2016-01-28. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Timatic_olympicair_107-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Timatic_olympicair_107-1) [PASSPORT & VISA REQUIREMENTS](https://www.olympicair.com/en/Info/Timatic) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170803011639/https://www.olympicair.com/en/Info/Timatic) 2017-08-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (Timatic, through olympicair.com) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-108)** ["No need for passport for Sikh pilgrims visiting Kartarpur: Pakistan PM"](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/no-need-for-passport-for-sikh-pilgrims-visiting-kartarpur-pakistan-pm/articleshow/71847069.cms?from=mdr). Times of India. 1 November 2019. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-109)** ["Torres Strait Treaty and You - What is free movement for traditional activities?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100413221839/http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html). Australian Government = Dept. of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from [the original](http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html) on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2010. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-110)** ["Den nordiska passkontrollöverenskommelsen | Nordic cooperation"](https://www.norden.org/sv/treaties-and-agreements/den-nordiska-passkontrolloverenskommelsen). *www.norden.org* (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-06-27. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-111)** Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards ([C (2006) 5186](http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/06/st15/st15010.en06.pdf)) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-112)** Judgement of the [European Court of Justice](/source/European_Court_of_Justice) [of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62003CJ0215:EN:HTML) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-113)** ["UK Border Force Operations Manual: Processing British and EEA Passengers without a valid Passport or Travel Document"](http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120808141830/http%3A//www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/borderforce/primary%2Dcheckpoint/initial%2Dexamination/uk%2Deea%2Dno%2Dpassport.pdf?view%3DBinary) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/borderforce/primary-checkpoint/initial-examination/uk-eea-no-passport.pdf?view=Binary) (PDF) on 2012-08-08. ## Bibliography - [*Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 2364: The Rabies (Importation of Dogs, Cats and Other Mammals) (England) (Amendment) Order 2004*](http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si2004/20042364.htm). Office of Public Sector Information. 2004-09-17. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-11-049813-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-049813-3). ## External links Wikivoyage has a travel guide for ***[Travelling with pets](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Travelling_with_pets#Q2616578)***. - [I-131, Application for Travel Documents, Parole Documents, and Arrival/Departure Records](https://www.uscis.gov/i-131) - [PRADO – Public Register of Authentic Identity and Travel Documents Online, Council of the European Union](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/prado-start-page.html) - [Movement of Pets, European Commission](https://food.ec.europa.eu/animals/movement-pets_en) - [European Regulation on the non-commercial movement of pet animal - questions and answers](https://web.archive.org/web/20070702065258/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/quarantine/quarantine/regulation/eu_reg_qa.htm) - [Ship-a-Pet-to-the-UK](https://www.wikihow.com/Ship-a-Pet-to-the-UK) at wikiHow - [How to issue a FEI Passport](https://howto.fei.org/content/7/39/en/how-to-issue-a-fei-passport.html) v t e National identity cards Africa Algeria Cape Verde Egypt Ghana Morocco Mozambique Nigeria Somaliland South Africa Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh China Hong Kong Macau Cyprus India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Kazakhstan Kuwait Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal North Korea Northern Cyprus Pakistan Palestine Philippines Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Türkiye United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen Europe European Economic Area & Schengen Area Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Other Europe Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bosnia and Herzegovina Gibraltar Kosovo Moldova Monaco Montenegro North Macedonia Northern Cyprus Russia San Marino Serbia Turkey Ukraine North America Caribbean Netherlands Costa Rica Dominican Republic Mexico United States (Real IDs) South America Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Uruguay Non-biometric identity cards () are indicated in italics. v t e Passport Current A–B Abkhazia Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Hong Kong Macau Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic D–F Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland Djibouti Dominica, Commonwealth of Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Fiji Finland Åland Islands France G–K Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan L–M Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia, Federated States of Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar N–R Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands, Kingdom of the New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Northern Cyprus North Korea North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda S Sahrawi Republic Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia Somaliland South Africa South Korea South Ossetia South Sudan Sovereign Military Order of Malta Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria T–Z Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Transnistria Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom British Overseas Territories BN(O) Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Italic denotes non UN member states and disputed states. International organizations Africa African Union ECOWAS Americas Andean Community CARICOM Central America-4 Europe EFTA European Union laissez-passer Global Interpol United Nations Defunct and unrecognized passports Dissolved states Artsakh British Indian Empire Czechoslovakia East Germany Korean Empire Mandatory Palestine Rhodesia Soviet Union Yugoslavia Former organizations League of Nations (Nansen) UNMIK Limited recognition Aboriginal Provisional Government Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois) Passport types Document types Alien's passport 1951 Convention 1954 Convention Animal passport Horse Pet Diplomatic passport Hajj passport Internal passport Laissez-passer and emergency passport Service passport Data formats Biometric passport Machine-readable passport Materials and styles Polycarbonate e-passport Passport card Imitations Camouflage passport Fake passport World Passport Category Commons List v t e Tourism Types Accessible Adventure Agritourism Alternative Astrotourism Atomic Backpacking Beachgoing Bicycle touring Birth Blindfolded Business Crime Culinary wine Cultural archaeological film literary bookstore Tolkien music pop-culture Dark disaster Holocaust jihadi slum suicide war Domestic Ecotourism shark Experiential Extreme Fashion Garden Genealogy heritage identity Geotourism Industrial Instagram tourism International volunteering Jungle Justice LGBTQ Medical MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) Nature Nautical Orphanage Rail Recreational drug Red Religious Christian Halal Kosher Pilgrimage Rural Science Sensory Sex Sleep Slow Smart Space lunar Sports Sustainable Terminal Urban Virtual Visiting friends and relatives Volcano Wellness Wildlife safari scuba diving Yoga Hospitality industry Bed and breakfast Boutique hotel Convention center Cruise ship Destination spa Front desk Guest house Guest ranch Heuhotel Homestay Hospitality management studies Hostel Hotel manager Inn Motel Pension Referral chain Resort hotel island seaside ski town Restaurant Terminology College tour Convention (meeting) Destination marketing organization Escorted tour Factory tour Gift shop Grand Tour Holiday Honeymoon Hypermobility Journey planner Package tour Passport Perpetual traveler Road trip Roadside attraction Souvenir Staycation Tour bus service Tour guide Tour operator Tourism geography Tourism minister Tourism region Tourist attraction Tourist gateway Tourist trap Touron Transport Travel Travel agency Travel behavior Travel document Travel insurance Travel medicine Travel survey Travel technology Travel visa Travel warning Vacation Visitor center Travel literature Guide book Outdoor literature Tourism journals Travel magazines Wikivoyage Trade associations American Bus Association American Hotel and Lodging Association American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute BEST Education Network Caribbean Tourism Organization European Travel Commission FIJET Historical Archive on Tourism Life Beyond Tourism Musement Pacific Asia Travel Association South-East Asian Tourism Organisation Tourism Radio Travel and Tourism Development Index UN Tourism World Tourism rankings World Travel and Tourism Council World Travel Monitor Trade shows and events Akwaaba African Travel Market Arabian Travel Market Cruise of the Kings Festival del Viaggio FITUR ITB Berlin World Tourism Day Issues Heritage commodification Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism Impacts of tourism Leakage effect Overtourism Tourism improvement district Tourismphobia Tourist tax Lists Adjectival tourisms Attractions Bibliography Casino hotels Casinos Cities by international visitors Convention and exhibition centers Cruise lines Hotels largest Intangible Cultural Heritage elements Motels Passenger airlines World Heritage Sites Category v t e Visa policy by country Visa Passport Travel document Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Djibouti Egypt6 Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria R Congo Rwanda Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha1 São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland3 South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Americas Anguilla1 Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda1 Bolivia Brazil British Virgin Islands1 Canada Cayman Islands1 Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Dutch Caribbean (Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten) Ecuador El Salvador Falkland Islands1 Greenland5 Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Montserrat1 Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands1 Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands1 United States Puerto Rico4 Virgin Islands4 Uruguay Venezuela Asia Abkhazia2 3 Afghanistan Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 2 Armenia2 Azerbaijan2 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Hong Kong Macau Cyprus2 Egypt6 Georgia2 India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan2 Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Northern Cyprus2 3 Oman Pakistan Palestine3 Philippines Qatar Russia (history)2 Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea South Ossetia2 Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan (Republic of China)3 Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkey2 Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Europe Abkhazia2 3 Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 2 Albania Andorra Armenia2 Austria Azerbaijan2 Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus2 Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland Estonia Finland France Overseas Georgia2 Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan2 Kosovo3 Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Overseas North Macedonia Northern Cyprus2 3 Norway Svalbard Poland Portugal Romania Russia (history)2 San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia South Ossetia2 3 Spain Sweden Switzerland Transnistria3 Turkey2 Ukraine United Kingdom Overseas Vatican City Oceania American Samoa4 Australia Cook Islands Fiji Guam4 Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Niue Northern Mariana Islands4 Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands1 Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Historical Artsakh7 1 British Overseas Territories. 2 These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. 3 Partially recognized. 4 Unincorporated territory of the United States. 5 Part of the Kingdom of Denmark. 6 Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia. 7 Unrecognized state. v t e Visa requirements by citizenship Visa Passport Travel document Africa Algerian Angolan Beninese Botswana Burkinabe Burundian Cameroonian Cape Verdean Central African Chadian Comorian Congolese (Democratic Republic) Congolese (Republic) Djiboutian Egyptian4 Equatorial Guinean Eritrean Ethiopian Gabonese Gambian Ghanaian Guinea-Bissauan Guinean Ivorian Kenyan Lesothan Liberian Libyan Malagasy Malawian Malian Mauritanian Mauritian Moroccan Mozambican Namibian Nigerian Nigerien Rwandan Saint Helena1 Santomean Senegalese Seychellois Sierra Leonean Somali (Somaliland) South African South Sudanese Sudanese Swazi Tanzanian Togolese Tunisian Ugandan Zambian Zimbabwean Americas Anguillan1 Antigua and Barbuda Argentine Bahamian Barbadian Belizean Bermudian1 Bolivian Brazilian British Virgin Islands1 Canadian Caymanian1 Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuadorian Greenlandic Grenadian Guatemalan Guyanese Haitian Honduran Jamaican Mexican Montserratian1 Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucian Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Salvadoran Surinamese Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands1 United States Uruguayan Venezuelan Asia Abkhaz2 5 Afghan Armenian3 Azerbaijani2 Bahraini Bangladeshi Bhutanese Bruneian Cambodian Chinese Hong Kong Macau Cypriot3 East Timorese Egyptian4 Emirati Georgian2 Indian Indonesian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Japanese Jordanian Kazakhstani2 Kuwaiti Kyrgyzstani Laotian Lebanese Malaysian Maldivian Mongolian Myanmar Nepalese North Korean Northern Cypriot3 5 Omani Pakistani Palestinian Philippine Qatari Russian2 Saudi Singaporean South Korean South Ossetian2 5 Sri Lankan Syrian Taiwanese5 Tajikistani Thai Turkish2 Turkmen Uzbekistani Vietnamese Yemeni Europe Abkhaz2 5 Albanian Andorran Armenian3 Austrian Azerbaijani2 Belarusian Belgian Bosnian and Herzegovinian British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC) Bulgarian Croatian Cypriot3 Czech Danish Faroese Greenlandic Dutch Estonian (Non-citizens) EU Finnish French Georgian2 German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Kazakhstani2 Kosovar5 Latvian (Non-citizens) Liechtenstein Lithuanian Luxembourg Maltese Moldovan Montenegrin Monégasque North Macedonian Northern Cypriot3 5 Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian2 San Marino Serbian Slovak Slovenian South Ossetian2 5 Spanish Swedish Swiss Transnistrian5 Turkish2 Ukrainian Vatican City Oceania Australian Fijian Kiribati Marshallese Micronesian Nauruan New Zealand Palauan Papua New Guinean Pitcairn Islands1 Samoan Solomon Islands Tongan Tuvaluan Vanuatuan Other Crew members Sovereign Military Order of Malta Green card 1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Russia and the partially recognised republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. 3 Cyprus, Armenia, and the partially recognised republic of Northern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe. 4 Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia. 5 Partially recognized. Immigration law --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Travel document](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_document) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_document?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.