# Trapeliopsis

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{{Short description|Genus of lichen}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2025}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Trapeliopsis wallrothii Jymm.jpg
| image_caption = ''Trapeliopsis wallrothii''
| taxon = Trapeliopsis
| authority = [Hertel](/source/Hannes_Hertel) & Gotth.Schneid. (1980)
| type_species = ''[Trapeliopsis wallrothii](/source/Trapeliopsis_wallrothii)''
| type_species_authority = ([Flörke](/source/Fl%C3%B6rke) ex [Spreng.](/source/Spreng.)) Hertel & Gotth.Schneid. (1980)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivisions =
}}

'''''Trapeliopsis''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [lichen](/source/lichen)-forming [fungi](/source/fungi) in the family [Trapeliaceae](/source/Trapeliaceae).<ref name="CoL_CF94F"/> These lichens form thin, granular [crusts](/source/crustose_lichen) or tiny overlapping scales ({{lichengloss|squamules}}) that create miniature [rosette](/source/rosette_(botany)) patterns on their growing surface. The genus was established in 1980 by [Hannes Hertel](/source/Hannes_Hertel) and Gotthard Schneider and includes about 20 species found worldwide.

==Taxonomy==

The genus was [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 1980 by [Hannes Hertel](/source/Hannes_Hertel) and Gotthard Schneider, with ''[Trapeliopsis wallrothii](/source/Trapeliopsis_wallrothii)'' designated as the [type species](/source/type_species).<ref name="Schneider 1979"/>

==Description==

''Trapeliopsis'' grows as a thin, granular to minutely leaf-like crust that sits close to its [substrate](/source/substrate_(biology)). In some species the {{lichengloss|granules}} enlarge into tiny, overlapping scales (squamules) that can give the colony a miniature [rosette](/source/rosette_(botany)) appearance; in others the [thallus](/source/thallus) remains a loose dusting of coarse grains. Only those distinctly {{lichengloss|squamulose}} forms develop a true upper {{lichengloss|cortex}}—an organised skin of tangled fungal [hypha](/source/hypha)e—while the purely granular [morphs](/source/Polymorphism_(biology)) have no differentiated surface layer. Throughout the thallus the [photosynthetic](/source/photosynthesis) partner is a [green alga](/source/green_alga) of the ''[Chlorella](/source/Chlorella)'' or ''[Pseudochlorella](/source/Pseudochlorella)'' type, often dividing into clusters of two to four cells whose flattened faces make them appear slightly asymmetrical.<ref name="Orange 2021"/>

Reproductive structures present as low, button-like [apothecia](/source/apothecia) that are yellow-brown to almost black. They are slightly pinched in at the base and lie flush with the thallus surface from an early stage, expanding outward without splitting. Some species show a pronounced rim cut from thallus tissue (a {{lichengloss|thalline margin}}), whereas others reveal only the internal {{lichengloss|exciple}}—a ring of colourless fungal [hypha](/source/hypha)e set in a faintly pigmented gel that never darkens to the deep brown seen in some related genera. Inside the apothecium, delicate [paraphyses](/source/paraphyses) thread the [hymenium](/source/hymenium); these filaments branch and fuse near their tips but remain narrow and usually colourless, though an external pigment coating can make the upper layer appear slightly swollen. Each thin-walled [ascus](/source/ascus) holds eight smooth, ellipsoidal [ascospore](/source/ascospore)s that stay colourless and single-celled, [staining](/source/staining) weakly or not at all with [iodine](/source/iodine) (a "''Trapelia''-type" response).<ref name="Orange 2021"/>

[Asexual reproduction](/source/Asexual_reproduction) occurs in immersed [pycnidia](/source/pycnidia) that release rod-shaped to thread-like [conidia](/source/conidia). Chemical analyses typically detect [gyrophoric acid](/source/gyrophoric_acid), with traces of [lecanoric acid](/source/lecanoric_acid) also common. While sterile material may be difficult to separate from the superficially similar ''[Trapelia](/source/Trapelia)'', molecular studies show that ''Trapeliopsis'' forms a distinct evolutionary [lineage](/source/lineage_(evolution)), and its colourless exciple plus uniformly narrow paraphyses help distinguish it from dark-rimmed genera such as ''[Placynthiella](/source/Placynthiella)''.<ref name="Orange 2021"/>

==Species==
{{As of|2025|June}}, [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum) (in the [Catalogue of Life](/source/Catalogue_of_Life)) accept 16 species of ''Trapeliopsis''.<ref name="CoL_CF94F"/>
*''[Trapeliopsis aeneofusca](/source/Trapeliopsis_aeneofusca)'' {{small|(Flörke ex Flot.) Coppins & P.James (1984)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis bisorediata](/source/Trapeliopsis_bisorediata)'' {{small|McCune & F.J.Camacho (2002)}}<ref name="McCune et al. 2002"/> – North America
*''[Trapeliopsis californica](/source/Trapeliopsis_californica)'' {{small|McCune & F.J.Camacho (2002)}}<ref name="McCune et al. 2002"/> – North America
*''[Trapeliopsis colensoi](/source/Trapeliopsis_colensoi)'' {{small|(C.Bab.) Gotth.Schneid. (1980)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis congregans](/source/Trapeliopsis_congregans)'' {{small|(Zahlbr.) Brako (1989)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis flexuosa](/source/Trapeliopsis_flexuosa)'' {{small|(Fr.) Coppins & P.James (1984)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis gelatinosa](/source/Trapeliopsis_gelatinosa)'' {{small|(Flörke) Coppins & P.James (1984)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea](/source/Trapeliopsis_glaucolepidea)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Gotth.Schneid. (1980)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis glaucopholis](/source/Trapeliopsis_glaucopholis)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Printzen & McCune (2004)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis granulosa](/source/Trapeliopsis_granulosa)'' {{small|(Hoffm.) Lumbsch (1983)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis gymnidiata](/source/Trapeliopsis_gymnidiata)'' {{small|Aptroot & Schumm (2012)}}<ref name="Aptroot & Schumm 2012"/> – Macaronesia
*''[Trapeliopsis gyrocarpa](/source/Trapeliopsis_gyrocarpa)'' {{small|Elix (2013)}}<ref name="Elix 2013"/> – Australia
*''[Trapeliopsis percrenata](/source/Trapeliopsis_percrenata)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Gotth.Schneid. (1980)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa](/source/Trapeliopsis_pseudogranulosa)'' {{small|Coppins & P.James (1984)}}<ref name="Coppins & James 2007"/> – Europe
*''[Trapeliopsis steppica](/source/Trapeliopsis_steppica)'' {{small|McCune & F.J.Camacho (2002)}}<ref name="McCune et al. 2002"/> – North America
*''[Trapeliopsis studerae](/source/Trapeliopsis_studerae)'' {{small|Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2018)}}<ref name="Aptroot et al. 2018"/> – Brazil
*''[Trapeliopsis thermophila](/source/Trapeliopsis_thermophila)'' {{small|Rambold & Elix (2013)}}<ref name="Elix 2013"/> – Australia
*''[Trapeliopsis viridescens](/source/Trapeliopsis_viridescens)'' {{small|(Schrad.) Coppins & P.James (1984)}}
*''[Trapeliopsis wallrothii](/source/Trapeliopsis_wallrothii)'' {{small|(Flörke ex Spreng.) Hertel & Gotth. Schneid. (1980)}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Aptroot & Schumm 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Aptroot |first1=André |last2=Schumm |first2=Felix |title=A new terricolous ''Trapelia'' and a new ''Trapeliopsis'' (Trapeliaceae, Baeomycetales) from Macaronesia |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=44 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=449–456 |doi=10.1017/S0024282912000084|bibcode=2012ThLic..44..449A }}</ref>

<ref name="Aptroot et al. 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Aptroot |first1=André |last2=Barreto |first2=Flávia Maria Oliveira |last3=Peña |first3=Dolores Angélica Ramírez |last4=Cáceres |first4=Marcela Eugenia da Silva |title=A new lineage of fruticose lichens that belongs to the Trapeliaceae (Trapeliales, Ascomycota) from Alagoas, NE Brazil |journal=The Bryologist |volume=121 |issue=4 |year=2018 |pages=529–535 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745-121.4.529}}</ref>

<ref name="CoL_CF94F">{{Catalogue of Life |id=CF94F |title=''Trapeliopsis'' |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="Orange 2021">{{cite book |last1=Orange |first1=A. |last2=Cannon |first2=P. |last3=Aptroot |first3=A. |last4=Coppins |first4=B. |last5=Sanderson |first5=N. |last6=Simkin |first6=J. |year=2021 |title=Baeomycetales: Trapeliaceae, including the genera ''Coppinsia'', ''Placopsis'', ''Placynthiella'', ''Rimularia'', ''Trapelia'' and ''Trapeliopsis'' |series=Revisions of British and Irish Lichens |volume=18 |page=3 |url=https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Trapeliaceae.pdf}}{{Open access}}</ref>

<ref name="Coppins & James 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Coppins |first1=B.J. |last2=James |first2=P.W. |title=New or interesting British lichens V |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=16 |issue=3 |year=2007 |pages=241–264 |doi=10.1017/S0024282984000451}}</ref>

<ref name="Elix 2013">{{cite journal |last=Elix |first=J.A. |year=2013 |title=New crustose lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia |journal=Australasian Lichenology |volume=73 |pages=45–53 |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/AL_73.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="McCune et al. 2002">{{cite journal |last1=McCune |first1=B. |last2=Camacho |first2=F. |last3=Ponzetti |first3=J. |year=2002 |title=Three new species of ''Trapeliopsis'' on soil in western North America |journal=The Bryologist |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=78–85|doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0078:TNSOTO]2.0.CO;2}}</ref>

<ref name="Schneider 1979">{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Gotthard |year=1979 |title=Die Flechtengattung ''Psora'' sensu Zahlbruckner |trans-title=The lichen genus ''Psora'' sensu Zahlbruckner |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=13 |page=149 |publisher=Lubrecht & Cramer |isbn=978-3-7682-1257-1 |language=de}}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7835559}}

Category:Baeomycetales
Category:Lichen genera
Category:Baeomycetales genera
Category:Taxa described in 1980
Category:Taxa named by Hannes Hertel

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Trapeliopsis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapeliopsis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapeliopsis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.