# Transvestigation

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Conspiracy theory regarding gender and sex

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (October 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,258 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Transvestigation]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fr|Transvestigation}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

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**Transvestigation** (a [portmanteau](/source/Portmanteau) of *[transgender](/source/Transgender)* and *[investigation](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/investigation)*) is a [conspiracy theory](/source/Conspiracy_theory) that asserts that many celebrities and other prominent individuals are [transgender](/source/Transgender) (or, conversely, that some openly transgender celebrities are [cisgender](/source/Cisgender)).[1] Proponents claim to be able to determine the [assigned sex](/source/Sex_assignment) of individuals, primarily through photographic and video evidence. The methods used by "transvestigators" are subject to [pareidolia](/source/Pareidolia) and [confirmation bias](/source/Confirmation_bias).[2][3]

Athletes, celebrities, and prominent politicians have all been subject to the conspiracy theory.[4][2][5][6][1][7] [Brigitte Macron](/source/Brigitte_Macron), the [spouse of the president of France](/source/List_of_spouses_or_partners_of_the_president_of_France), filed lawsuits against allegations that she was [born male](/source/Sex_assignment).[8][9]

In the aftermath of the [boxing controversy at the 2024 Olympic Games](/source/2024_Summer_Olympics_boxing_controversy), the term gained renewed attention in light of accusations against [Imane Khelif](/source/Imane_Khelif) and [Lin Yu-ting](/source/Lin_Yu-ting).[10][11][12]

## Conspiracy theories

The basis for transvestigation ranges from the belief that some celebrities' gender identity simply differs from their birth-assigned sex, to the belief that their transgender identity is part of an initiation ritual known as "elite gender inversion", conducted by [Hollywood](/source/Cinema_of_the_United_States) and music industry elites or secret organizations such as the [New World Order](/source/New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory) and [Illuminati](/source/Illuminati).[13][14] [GLAAD](/source/GLAAD), a US organization focused on media coverage of LGBTQ+ matters, considers the movement to be an expression of [transphobia](/source/Transphobia).[1] The theories have gained considerable popularity on the social media platform [Twitter](/source/Twitter),[15] especially after [Elon Musk](/source/Elon_Musk)'s participation in the harassment of [Imane Khelif](/source/Imane_Khelif) and of [his own transgender daughter](/source/Vivian_Wilson).[16][17][18]

### France

[Brigitte Macron](/source/Brigitte_Macron), the [spouse of the president of France](/source/List_of_spouses_or_partners_of_the_president_of_France), has sought legal action against the allegation that she was born male.[8] The conspiracy theory, which suggests that she was previously known as "Jean-Michel Trogneux", has been traced to a far-right author in France, and has trended on social media.[8] In 2024, two women named Natacha Rey and Amandine Roy were found guilty of slander and ordered to pay damages, but the Paris Appeals Court overturned the conviction the following year, arguing that the defendants had made the mistake in "good faith".[19]

In July 2025, French President [Emmanuel](/source/Emmanuel_Macron) and Brigitte Macron sued US political commentator [Candace Owens](/source/Candace_Owens) and her limited liability company for [defamation](/source/Defamation) and [false light](/source/False_light) in the US state of [Delaware](/source/Delaware), alleging that Owens had endorsed the conspiracy theory that Brigitte Macron was secretly transgender.[20] In April 2026, US President [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump) rejected Owens's statements, and commented that he wanted the Macrons to "win lots of money" from the lawsuit.[21][22]

### United States

Former [First Lady](/source/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) [Michelle Obama](/source/Michelle_Obama) has frequently been accused of being a [trans woman](/source/Trans_woman), which Noah Berlatsky of the *[Pacific Standard](/source/Pacific_Standard)* considers unsurprising, stating that "just as trans women are stereotypically caricatured as faking femininity, [Black women](/source/Black_women) are caricatured as innately non-feminine" within the United States.[23]

## Sports

Women's sports forms a popular arena for transvestigation, partly because the relatively muscular appearance of many athletes does not tend to fit the stereotyped [feminine beauty ideal](/source/Feminine_beauty_ideal).[24] This is buttressed by sporting practices such as [sex eligibility tests](/source/Sex_verification_in_sports). During the [controversy around women's boxing at the 2024 Olympics](/source/2024_Summer_Olympics_boxing_controversy), public figures such as industrialist [Elon Musk](/source/Elon_Musk), children's author [J.K. Rowling](/source/J.K._Rowling), and US politician [JD Vance](/source/JD_Vance) asserted that [Imane Khelif](/source/Imane_Khelif) was a man,[25][26] and the *[Boston Globe](/source/Boston_Globe)* retracted a headline that wrongly asserted she was trans.[27] Khelif filed a criminal complaint against Musk and Rowling in France alleging gender-based [cyberharassment](/source/Cyberharassment).[28]

## See also

Look up ***[transvestigation](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/transvestigation)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Passing (gender)](/source/Passing_(gender)) – Ability to be perceived as the gender one identifies as

- [Sex verification in sports](/source/Sex_verification_in_sports)

- [Transmisogyny](/source/Transmisogyny) – Intersection of transphobia and misogyny, experienced by transfeminine individuals

- [Misogynoir](/source/Misogynoir) – Term for a type of misogyny toward black women

- [Physiognomy](/source/Physiognomy) – Pseudoscience of face reading

- [Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory](/source/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory)

- [Gender policing](/source/Gender_policing)

- [Character assassination](/source/Character_assassination)

- [Angry black woman](/source/Angry_black_woman)

- [Ideal womanhood](/source/Ideal_womanhood)

- [Body shaming](/source/Body_shaming)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GLAAD-2023_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GLAAD-2023_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GLAAD-2023_1-2) ["Transvestigation: Definition, Meaning, and Origin in Anti-LGBTQ Hate"](https://glaad.org/transvestigation-definition-meaning-anti-lgbt-online-hate/). *[GLAAD](/source/GLAAD)*. November 2, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WildInvestigation_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WildInvestigation_2-1) Lenton, Patrick (February 8, 2024). ["A Wild Investigation of Transvestigators, the People Who Think Celebs Are All Trans"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-wild-investigation-of-transvestigators-the-people-who-think-celebs-are-all-trans/). *Vice*. Retrieved March 20, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Klee, Miles (July 18, 2022). ["Unhinged 'Transvestigators' Think They're the Only Cis People Left"](https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/transvestigator-celebrity-conspiracy-theories). *MEL Magazine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Karleby-2023_4-0)** Karleby, Peter (October 4, 2023). ["Conservatives Roasted After Claiming Taylor Swift Is Secretly 'Trans' With Bizarre Conspiracy"](https://www.comicsands.com/taylor-swift-trans-claim-conservatives-2665793292.html). *Comic Sands*. Retrieved August 4, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Two women go on trial for claiming French first lady is transgender"](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2024/06/20/two-women-go-on-trial-for-claiming-french-first-lady-is-transgender_6675226_7.html). *Le Monde*. June 20, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Snopes_6-0)** LaMagdeleine, Izz Scott (July 27, 2023). ["No Proof For Rumors That Katie Ledecky Had 'Come Out' as Trans"](https://www.snopes.com/news/2023/07/27/katie-ledecky-trans-rumors/). *Snopes*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Dawson-2018_7-0)** Dawson, Alan (May 31, 2018). ["How Serena Williams responds to accusations that she 'was born a guy'"](https://www.businessinsider.com/serena-williams-responds-to-accusations-she-was-born-a-man-2018-5). *Business Insider*. Retrieved August 4, 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BBC-Home-2021_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BBC-Home-2021_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-BBC-Home-2021_8-2) ["Brigitte Macron to sue over false claims she was born male"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59753535). *BBC News*. December 22, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Pelham, Lipika (September 12, 2024). ["Two women guilty of slandering Brigitte Macron"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn0l0z1p628o). *BBC News*. Retrieved January 23, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** López, Quispe (August 14, 2024). ["How "Transvestigation," An Anti-Trans Conspiracy Theory, Made Its Way Into Mainstream Politics"](https://www.them.us/story/what-does-transvestigation-anti-trans-conspiracy-theory). *Them*. Retrieved August 16, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Radin, Sara (August 9, 2024). ["What Is a 'Transvestigation?' Misogyny Gets a Rebrand at the Paris Olympics"](https://www.glamour.com/story/what-is-a-transvestigation-misogyny-gets-a-rebrand-at-the-paris-olympics). *Glamour*. Retrieved August 16, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Transvestigating (with Contrapoints)"](https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/transvestigating-with-contrapoints/id1693739175?i=1000665233431). *Apple Podcasts*. Retrieved December 10, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Thomason, Kristen (June 22, 2023). ["Transvestigation: The new eugenics"](https://baptistnews.com/article/transvestigation-the-new-eugenics/). *[Baptist News Global](/source/Baptist_News_Global)*. Retrieved March 22, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Vernon, Hayden; Moreno, Natalie (September 21, 2023). ["The Conspiracy Theorists Who Think All Celebrities Are Secretly Trans"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/conspiracy-theorists-believe-all-celebrities-are-secretly-trans/). *Vice*. Retrieved February 27, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Hsu, Tiffany; Thompson, Stuart A.; Myers, Steven Lee (July 30, 2024). ["Kamala Harris Faces a Faster, Uglier Version of the Internet"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/30/technology/kamala-harris-toxic-internet-politics.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved August 4, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Ritman, Elsa Keslassy,Alex (August 13, 2024). ["J.K. Rowling and Elon Musk Named in Cyberbullying Lawsuit Filed by Algerian Boxer Imane Khelif After Olympic Win (EXCLUSIVE)"](https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/jk-rowling-elon-musk-imane-khelif-lawsuit-1236105185/). *Variety*. Retrieved August 8, 2025.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** López, Quispe (August 14, 2024). ["How "Transvestigation," An Anti-Trans Conspiracy Theory, Made Its Way Into Mainstream Politics"](https://www.them.us/story/what-does-transvestigation-anti-trans-conspiracy-theory). *Them*. Retrieved August 8, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Yurman, Ella (March 20, 2025). ["Vivian Wilson on Being Elon Musk's Estranged Daughter, Going Viral, and Protecting Trans Youth"](https://www.teenvogue.com/story/vivian-jenna-wilson-elon-musk-trans-youth). *Teen Vogue*. Retrieved August 8, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Court overturns libel convictions of two women who said French first lady was a man"](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/07/10/french-court-clears-defendants-in-french-first-lady-brigitte-macron-s-gender-rumours-trial_6743245_7.html). *Le Monde*. July 10, 2025. Retrieved July 10, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Leingang, Rachel (July 23, 2025). ["French president and wife sue rightwing US commentator Candace Owens for defamation"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/23/emmanuel-brigitte-macron-candace-owens-lawsuit-defamation). *The Guardian*. Retrieved July 23, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Trump slams American right-wing commentators who oppose Iran war"](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east-crisis/article/2026/04/10/trump-slams-american-right-wing-commentators-who-oppose-iran-war_6752285_368.html). *Le Monde*. AFP. April 10, 2026. Retrieved April 22, 2026.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: others ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Ray, Siladitya (April 10, 2026). ["MAGA Rift Deepens As Trump Attacks Iran War Critics—Alex Jones And Candace Owens Respond"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2026/04/10/maga-rift-deepens-as-trump-attacks-iran-war-critics-alex-jones-and-candace-owens-respond/). *Forbes*. Retrieved April 22, 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Berlatsky, Noah (October 14, 2014). ["Michelle Obama Trans-Truthers Reveal Persisting Prejudices"](https://psmag.com/social-justice/michelle-obama-trans-truthers-reveal-persisting-prejudices-92320). *The Pacific Standard*. Retrieved November 29, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["La transvestigation, activité dérivée du masculinisme"](https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/zoom-zoom-zen/zoom-zoom-zen-du-vendredi-17-janvier-2025-7009586). *Radio France*. January 17, 2025. Retrieved April 22, 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Imane Khelif must undergo 'mandatory sex testing' to compete in Olympics"](https://www.advocate.com/sports/imane-khelif-sex-test-world-boxing). *Advocate*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Olympic boxer Imane Khelif is being targeted with transphobic hate—even though she isn't even trans"](https://www.out.com/gay-athletes/imane-khelif-transphobic-comments-jk-rowling-elon-musk-jake-paul). *Out*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** [https://www.them.us/story/boston-globe-imane-khelif-retraction](https://www.them.us/story/boston-globe-imane-khelif-retraction)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["J.K. Rowling and Elon Musk Named in Cyberbullying Lawsuit Filed by Algerian Boxer Imane Khelif After Olympic Win"](https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/jk-rowling-elon-musk-imane-khelif-lawsuit-1236105185/). *Variety*.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transvestigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvestigation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvestigation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.