# Transplant engineering > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Transplant_engineering > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Transplant_engineering.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_engineering > Source revision: 1292403159 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Transplant engineering** (or **allograft engineering**) is a variant of genetic organ [engineering](/source/Genetic_engineering) which comprises [allograft](/source/Allograft), [autograft](/source/Autotransplantation) and [xenograft](/source/Xenotransplantation) engineering. In allograft engineering the graft is substantially modified by altering its genetic composition. The genetic modification can be permanent or transient. The aim of modifying the allograft is usually the mitigation of immunological [graft rejection](/source/Transplant_rejection).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] ## History Transient genetic allograft engineering has been pioneered by [Shaf Keshavjee](/source/Shaf_Keshavjee)[1][2] and Marcelo Cypel at [University Health Network](/source/University_Health_Network) in [Toronto](/source/Toronto) by [adenoviral](/source/Viral_vector) transduction for [transgenic](/source/Transgene) expression of the [IL-10](/source/Interleukin_10) gene. Permanent genetic allograft engineering has first been done by [Rainer Blasczyk](/source/Rainer_Blasczyk) and Constanca Figueiredo at [Hannover Medical School](/source/Hannover_Medical_School) in [Hanover](/source/Hanover) by [lentiviral](/source/Viral_vector) transduction for knocking down [MHC](/source/Major_histocompatibility_complex) expression in pigs (lung) [3] and rats (kidney).[4] ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Cypel, Marcelo; Liu, Mingyao; Rubacha, Matt; Yeung, Jonathan C.; Hirayama, Shin; Anraku, Masaki; Sato, Masaaki; Medin, Jeffrey; Davidson, Beverly L.; Perrot, Marc de; Waddell, Thomas K. (2009-10-28). ["Functional Repair of Human Donor Lungs by IL-10 Gene Therapy"](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3000266). *Science Translational Medicine*. **1** (4): 4ra9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/scitranslmed.3000266](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscitranslmed.3000266). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1946-6234](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1946-6234). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20368171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20368171). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [13366956](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13366956). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Machuca, Tiago N.; Cypel, Marcelo; Bonato, Riccardo; Yeung, Jonathan C.; Chun, Yi-Min; Juvet, Stephen; Guan, Zehong; Hwang, David M.; Chen, Manyin; Saito, Tomohito; Harmantas, Constantine (2017-09-01). ["Safety and Efficacy of Ex Vivo Donor Lung Adenoviral IL-10 Gene Therapy in a Large Animal Lung Transplant Survival Model"](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hum.2016.070?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed). *Human Gene Therapy*. **28** (9): 757–765. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1089/hum.2016.070](https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fhum.2016.070). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1043-0342](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1043-0342). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28052693](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28052693). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Figueiredo, Constanca; Carvalho Oliveira, Marco; Chen-Wacker, Chen; Jansson, Katharina; Höffler, Klaus; Yuzefovych, Yuliia; Pogozhykh, Olena; Jin, Zhu; Kühnel, Mark; Jonigk, Danny; Wiegmann, Bettina (2019-04-04). ["Immunoengineering of the Vascular Endothelium to Silence MHC Expression During Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion"](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hum.2018.117). *Human Gene Therapy*. **30** (4): 485–496. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1089/hum.2018.117](https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fhum.2018.117). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1043-0342](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1043-0342). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [30261752](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30261752). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Yuzefovych, Yuliia; Valdivia, Emilio; Rong, Song; Hack, Franziska; Rother, Tamina; Schmitz, Jessica; Bräsen, Jan Hinrich; Wedekind, Dirk; Moers, Cyril; Wenzel, Nadine; Gueler, Faikah (2020). ["Genetic Engineering of the Kidney to Permanently Silence MHC Transcripts During ex vivo Organ Perfusion"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042208). *Frontiers in Immunology*. **11**: 265. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3389/fimmu.2020.00265](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffimmu.2020.00265). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1664-3224](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-3224). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7042208](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042208). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [32140158](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32140158). This genetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. - [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Genetics-stub) - [t](/source/Template_talk%3AGenetics-stub) - [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genetics-stub) This article about biological engineering is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. - [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bioengineering-stub) - [t](/source/Template_talk%3ABioengineering-stub) - [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bioengineering-stub) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transplant engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_engineering) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_engineering?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.