# Transib

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**Transib** is a superfamily of [interspersed repeats](/source/Interspersed_repeat) [DNA transposons](/source/DNA_transposon). It was named after the [Trans-Siberian Express](/source/Trans-Siberian_Railway).[1] It is similar to [EnSpm/CACTA](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EnSpm/CACTA&action=edit&redlink=1).

Transib was first described in 2003, discovered in the *[Drosophila melanogaster](/source/Drosophila_melanogaster)* genome. It usually encodes a single protein, DDE transcriptase.[1] An intact element including terminal inverted repeats (TIR) was found in 2008 in the *[Helicoverpa zea](/source/Helicoverpa_zea)* genome.[2] Divergent clades of this superfamily has since been discovered and dubbed Transib and TransibSU (for sea urchin); Chapaev and Chapaev3 of the CACTA superfamily are sometimes included too. The differences lie in the domain organization of the core transcriptase; TransibSU is also notable for having RAG2-like proteins.[3]: fig. 2

Transib is notable as the source of the two [Recombination-activating genes](/source/Recombination-activating_gene). An active transposon with RAG1/2-like genes ("ProtoRAG"; [PDB](/source/Protein_Data_Bank): [6B40](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6B40)​) has been discovered in *B. belcheri* (Chinese lancelet). The TIRs are structurally similar to [Recombination signal sequences](/source/Recombination_signal_sequences) (RSS). The heptamer bears the consensus CACWRTG, while the nonamer is more divergent. Lancelet RAG1L/TIR does not cross-recognize animal RAG1/RSS due to differences in the nonamer.[4] *[Psectrotarsia flava](/source/Psectrotarsia_flava)* (a moth) also has such a transposon. It lacks the nonamer, indicating the nonamer's more recent evolution.[5]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kapitonov_2003_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kapitonov_2003_1-1) Kapitonov, V. V.; Jurka, J. (12 May 2003). ["Molecular paleontology of transposable elements in the Drosophila melanogaster genome"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164487). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. **100** (11): 6569–6574. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2003PNAS..100.6569K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PNAS..100.6569K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.0732024100](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0732024100). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [164487](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164487). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12743378](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12743378).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Chen, S; Li, X (31 January 2008). "Molecular characterization of the first intact Transib transposon from Helicoverpa zea". *Gene*. **408** (1–2): 51–63. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.gene.2007.10.015](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gene.2007.10.015). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [18031956](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031956).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kapitonov_2015_3-0)** Kapitonov VV, Koonin EV (2015-04-28). ["Evolution of the RAG1-RAG2 locus: both proteins came from the same transposon"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411706). *Biology Direct*. **10** (1): 20. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s13062-015-0055-8](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13062-015-0055-8). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4411706](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411706). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25928409](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25928409).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid27293192_4-0)** Huang, S; Tao, X; Yuan, S; Zhang, Y; Li, P; Beilinson, HA; Zhang, Y; Yu, W; Pontarotti, P; Escriva, H; Le Petillon, Y; Liu, X; Chen, S; Schatz, DG; Xu, A (30 June 2016). ["Discovery of an Active RAG Transposon Illuminates the Origins of V(D)J Recombination"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5017859). *Cell*. **166** (1): 102–14. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.032](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2016.05.032). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5017859](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5017859). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27293192](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27293192).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Morales Poole, Jose Ricardo; Huang, Sheng Feng; Xu, Anlong; Bayet, Justine; Pontarotti, Pierre (28 April 2017). "The RAG transposon is active through the deuterostome evolution and domesticated in jawed vertebrates". *Immunogenetics*. **69** (6): 391–400. [bioRxiv](/source/BioRxiv_(identifier)) [10.1101/100735](https://doi.org/10.1101%2F100735). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00251-017-0979-5](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00251-017-0979-5). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10550/97268](https://hdl.handle.net/10550%2F97268). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28451741](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28451741). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [11192471](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11192471).

v t e Genetics: repeated sequence, transposon, gene duplication Repeatome Repeated sequence Tandem repeats Satellite DNA Variable number tandem repeat/Minisatellite Short tandem repeat/Microsatellite (Trinucleotide repeat disorders) Macrosatellite Interspersed repeat Gene conversion Retrotransposon DNA transposon Polinton Helitron Other Inverted repeat Direct repeat Transposon Retrotransposon SINEs Alu sequence MIR LINEs LINE1 LINE2 LTRs HERV MER4 retroposon DNA transposon Academ Crypton Dada EnSpm/CACTA Ginger1 Ginger2 Harbinger hAT Helitron IS3EU ISL2EU Kolobok Tc1/mariner Merlin MuDR Novosib P element PiggyBac Polinton Sola Transib Zator Zisupton Gene duplication Gene amplification Tandemly arrayed genes Ribosomal DNA Gene family Gene cluster Pseudogene See also Genomic island Pathogenicity island Symbiosis island Low copy repeats CRISPR Telomere Protein tandem repeats

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transib) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transib?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.