# Transcaucasus Front

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{{Short description|Russian front during World War II}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Transcaucasus Front
| image                         = 
| image_size                    = 
| caption                       = 
| dates                         = 23 August – 30 December 1941<br>
15 May 1942 – 25 August 1945
| country                       = {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| branch                        = 23px [Red Army](/source/Red_Army)
| type                          = [Front](/source/Front_(military_formation))
| role                          = 
| size                          = Several [armies](/source/Army_(Soviet_Army))
| command_structure             = 
| current_commander             = 
| garrison                      = 
| battles                       = 
{{tree list}}
* [World War II](/source/World_War_II)
** [Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran](/source/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran)
** [Battle of the Caucasus](/source/Battle_of_the_Caucasus)
{{tree list/end}}
| notable_commanders            = [Dmitry Kozlov](/source/Dmitry_Timofeyevich_Kozlov)<br>[Ivan Tyulenev](/source/Ivan_Tyulenev)
| anniversaries                 = 
}}
The '''Transcaucasus Front''' ({{langx|ru|Закавказский Фронт}}), also translated as '''Transcaucasian Front''', was a [front](/source/Front_(military_formation)) of the [Soviet Red Army](/source/Soviet_Red_Army)—a military formation comparable to an [army group](/source/army_group), not a [geographic military front](/source/Front_(military))—during the [Second World War](/source/World_War_II).

The Transcaucasus Front describes two distinct organizations during the war.

== First creation ==
The first version was created on 23 August 1941 from the [Transcaucasus Military District](/source/Transcaucasus_Military_District), which was originally formed in 1922. The boundary of the Front extended along the Soviet border with Turkey and along the [Black Sea](/source/Black_Sea) coast from [Batumi](/source/Batumi) to [Tuapse](/source/Tuapse).<br> 
It was commanded by Lieutenant-General [Dmitry Kozlov](/source/Dmitry_Timofeyevich_Kozlov) from August 1941 to December 1941.

On 22 June 1941, when the German invasion started, the Transcaucasus Military District included the [3rd](/source/3rd_Rifle_Corps), [24th](/source/24th_Rifle_Corps), and [40th Rifle Corps](/source/40th_Rifle_Corps), the [28th Mechanised Corps](/source/28th_Mechanized_Corps_(Soviet_Union)), two cavalry divisions (the 17th Mountain and the [24th](/source/24th_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union))) and three separate rifle divisions (the [63rd](/source/63rd_Rifle_Division), [76th](/source/76th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)), and [77th](/source/77th_Rifle_Division)).<ref>Orbat.com/Niehorster, [http://niehorster.org/012_ussr/41_oob/transcaucasus/_transcausasus.html Administrative Order of Battle, Transcaucasus Military District, 22 June 1941]</ref> Also part of the District were three fortified regions and District troops, which included artillery and NKVD frontier units.

The initial Front organization incorporated the four [Soviet armies](/source/Army_(Soviet_Army)) stationed in the district in June 1941: 
* the [45th](/source/45th_Army_(Soviet_Union)) and [46th](/source/46th_Army_(Soviet_Union)) on the border with [Turkey](/source/Turkey) and 
* the [44th](/source/44th_Army_(Soviet_Union)) and [47th](/source/47th_Army) on the border with [Iran](/source/Iran). 

On 25 August 1941 troops from the Front [entered Iran](/source/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran) according to the [Soviet-Iran Treaty of Friendship](/source/Russo-Persian_Treaty_of_Friendship_(1921)) of 21 February 1921, which eliminated the direct threat to the [Baku](/source/Baku) [oil field](/source/oil_field)s.

===Order of Battle, Invasion of Iran, 1941===
Soviet OOB for 25 August 1941:<ref>[http://www.1jma.dk/post.asp?method=ReplyQuote&REPLY_ID=36299&TOPIC_ID=1956&FORUM_ID=10 The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007161645/http://www.1jma.dk/post.asp?method=ReplyQuote&REPLY_ID=36299&TOPIC_ID=1956&FORUM_ID=10 |date=2007-10-07 }}</ref>

'''[44th Army](/source/44th_Army_(Soviet_Union))''' (Major General [Alexander Khadeyev](/source/Alexander_Khadeyev)) 
*20th Mountain Rifle Division 
*[77th Mountain Rifle Division](/source/77th_Mountain_Rifle_Division) 
*17th Cavalry Division 
*24th Tank Regiment

'''[47th Army](/source/47th_Army)''' (Major General [Vasily Novikov](/source/Vasily_Novikov_(general))) 
*[63rd Mountain Rifle Division](/source/63rd_Mountain_Rifle_Division)
*[76th Mountain Rifle Division](/source/76th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union))
*[236th Rifle Division](/source/236th_Rifle_Division) 
*[6th Tank Division](/source/6th_Tank_Division)
*54th Tank Division 
*13th Motorcycle Regiment

'''[53rd Army](/source/53rd_Army_(Soviet_Union))''' (Major General [Sergei Trofimenko](/source/Sergei_Trofimenko)) (invaded Iran from Turkmenistan, [Central Asian Military District](/source/Central_Asian_Military_District), on 27 August) 
*58th Rifle Corps
*[83rd Mountain Rifle Division](/source/128th_Mechanized_Brigade_(Ukraine)) 
*[4th Cavalry Corps](/source/4th_Cavalry_Corps_(Soviet_Union))

As part of the Central Asian Military District (not the TCF), 53rd Army was described by the [Combat composition of the Soviet Army](/source/Combat_composition_of_the_Soviet_Army) as including [58th Rifle Corps](/source/58th_Rifle_Corps) (68th and [83rd Mountain Rifle Division](/source/83rd_Mountain_Rifle_Division)s, [389th Rifle Division](/source/389th_Rifle_Division)), [4th Cavalry Corps](/source/4th_Cavalry_Corps) ([18th](/source/18th_Cavalry_Division), 20th, [39th Cavalry Division](/source/39th_Cavalry_Division)s), [44th Cavalry Division](/source/44th_Cavalry_Division), and 72nd Independent Mountain Rifle Regiment (огсп) on 1 October 1941.<ref>{{cite web|title=Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 октября 1941 г. [Combat composition of the Soviet Army for 1 October 1941] |url=http://www.teatrskazka.com/Raznoe/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19411001.html |access-date=2022-05-28}}</ref> 

On 1 November 1941 the front was listed in the [Combat composition of the Soviet Army](/source/Combat_composition_of_the_Soviet_Army) as including the 44th (five divisions), 45th (four divisions and 55th [Fortified Region](/source/Fortified_Region)), 46th Army (9, 20th Mountain Rifle Division; 224, 388, 390th Rifle Divisions, 51st Fortified Region), and 47th Armies (five divisions), and forces of frontal subordination including the 61, 151, 223, [396th Rifle Division](/source/396th_Rifle_Division)s, and forces in Iran consisting of the [402nd Rifle Division](/source/402nd_Rifle_Division), the [1st Mountain Cavalry Division](/source/1st_Mountain_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union)), and the [23rd Cavalry Division](/source/23rd_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union)).<ref>{{cite web|title=Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 ноября 1941 г. [Combat composition of the Soviet Army for 1 November 1941] |url=http://www.teatrskazka.com/Raznoe/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19411101.html |access-date=2022-05-28}}</ref>

In November 1941, the [51st Army](/source/51st_Army_(Soviet_Union)) joined the front after being evacuated from the Crimea.

The Transcaucasus Front was renamed the [Caucasian Front](/source/Caucasian_Front_(Soviet_Union)) on 30 December 1941.

== Second creation==
The second version of this front was again created from the Transcaucasus Military District on 15 May 1942, and continued in existence until its reorganization as the Tbilisi Military District on 25 August 1945 after the end of the war. 

It was commanded by [General Ivan V. Tyulenev](/source/Ivan_Tyulenev) (May 1942 - August 1945), and included the [4th](/source/4th_Army_(Soviet_Union)) and [58th](/source/58th_Army_(Soviet_Union)) Armies at various periods.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Fronts of the Red Army in World War II}}

Category:Soviet fronts
Category:History of the Caucasus under the Soviet Union

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transcaucasus Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasus_Front) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasus_Front?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.