# Transboundary river

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{{Short description|River that crosses one or more political borders}}

A '''transboundary river''' is a [river](/source/river) that crosses at least one political [border](/source/border), either a border within a state or an international boundary. [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh) has the highest number of these rivers, with at least 58 major rivers that enter the country from the [Republic of India](/source/India), including two of the world's largest rivers, the [Brahmaputra](/source/Brahmaputra_River) and the [Ganges](/source/Ganges). The [Naf River](/source/Naf_River) is the only river that flows via Bangladesh into [Myanmar](/source/Myanmar).

The hydrologic and political effects of rivers that cross significant boundaries are enormous. Rivers have positive effects in that they carry a significant amount of sediment, which aids in building land in [estuarine](/source/estuary) regions. However, this sediment raises the height of riverbeds, thereby causing flooding. [International conventions](/source/International_law) governing water sharing have led to complex political disputes.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mea.gov.in/foreignrelation/bangladesh.pdf |format=PDF| title =India-Bangladesh Political Relations | accessdate = 2007-12-18 | last = | first = | work = Sharing of River Waters | publisher = Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, February 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070925125012/http://www.mea.gov.in/foreignrelation/bangladesh.pdf<!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-09-25}}</ref>

== List of major international transboundary rivers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!River
!Length (km)
!Countries
|-
|[Amazon](/source/Amazon_River)
|6,500
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Brazil}}<br>{{flag|Colombia}}<br>{{flag|Peru}}
|-
|[Brahmaputra](/source/Brahmaputra_River)
|3,848
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|India}}
|-
|[Colorado](/source/Colorado_River)
|2,333
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Mexico}}<br>{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[Columbia](/source/Columbia_River)
|2,000
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Canada}}<br>{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[Danube](/source/Danube)
|2,860
|{{Hs|10}}{{flag|Austria}}<br>{{flag|Bulgaria}}<br>{{flag|Croatia}}<br>{{flag|Germany}}<br>{{flag|Hungary}}<br>{{flag|Moldova}}<br>{{flag|Romania}}<br>{{flag|Serbia}}<br>{{flag|Slovakia}}<br>{{flag|Ukraine}}
|-
|[Daugava](/source/Daugava)
|1,020
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Belarus}}<br>{{flag|Latvia}}<br>{{flag|Russia}}
|-
|[Dnipro](/source/Dnieper)
|2,200
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Belarus}}<br>{{flag|Russia}}<br>{{flag|Ukraine}}
|-
|[Euphrates](/source/Euphrates)
|2,800
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Iraq}}<br>{{flag|Syria}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}
|-
|[Ganges](/source/Ganges)
|3,084
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br>{{flag|India}}
|-
|[Ichamati](/source/Ichamati_River)
|334
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br>{{flag|India}}
|-
|[Indus](/source/Indus_River)
|3,500
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}
|-
|[Irrawaddy](/source/Irrawaddy_River)
|2,210
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|Myanmar}}
|-
|[Mekong](/source/Mekong)
|4,350
|{{Hs|06}}{{flag|Cambodia}}<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|Laos}}<br>{{flag|Myanmar}}<br>{{flag|Thailand}}<br>{{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
|[Meuse](/source/Meuse)
|925
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Belgium}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>{{flag|Netherlands}}
|-
|[Niger](/source/Niger_River)
|4,180
|{{Hs|05}}{{flag|Benin}}<br>{{flag|Guinea}}<br>{{flag|Mali}}<br>{{flag|Niger}}<br>{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|[Nile](/source/Nile)
|7,088
|{{Hs|11}}{{flag|Burundi}}<br>{{flag|DR Congo}}<br>{{flag|Egypt}}<br>{{flag|Eritrea}}<br>{{flag|Ethiopia}}<br>{{flag|Kenya}}<br>{{flag|Rwanda}}<br>{{flag|South Sudan}}<br>{{flag|Sudan}}<br>{{flag|Tanzania}}<br>{{flag|Uganda}}
|-
|[Rhine](/source/Rhine)
|1,230
|{{Hs|06}}{{flag|Austria}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>{{flag|Germany}}<br>{{flag|Liechtenstein}}<br>{{flag|Netherlands}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|[Rhône](/source/Rh%C3%B4ne)
|813
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|France}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|[Rio Grande](/source/Rio_Grande)
|3,051
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Mexico}}<br>{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[St. Lawrence](/source/St._Lawrence_River)
|500
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Canada}}<br>{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[Tagus](/source/Tagus)
|1,007
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Portugal}}<br>{{flag|Spain}}
|-
|[Tigris](/source/Tigris)
|1,850
|{{Hs|03}}{{flag|Iraq}}<br>{{flag|Syria}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}
|-
|[Yukon](/source/Yukon_River)
|3,190
|{{Hs|02}}{{flag|Canada}}<br>{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[Zambezi](/source/Zambezi)
|2,474
|{{Hs|06}}{{flag|Angola}}<br>{{flag|Botswana}}<br>{{flag|Mozambique}}<br>{{flag|Namibia}}<br>{{flag|Zambia}}<br>{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|}

== See also ==

* [List of Bangladesh-India transboundary rivers](/source/List_of_Bangladesh-India_transboundary_rivers)
* [List of international river borders](/source/List_of_international_river_borders)

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.tbpa.net/ Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network]
* [http://waterpartners.geo.orst.edu/ Universities Partnership for Transboundary Waters]
* [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021009105103/http%3A//www.cec.org/pubs_info_resources/law_treat_agree/transbound_agree/index.cfm?varlan%3Denglish Publication and Information Resources]
* [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law]. Peace Palace Library

{{Authority control}}

Category:International rivers

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transboundary river](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transboundary_river) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transboundary_river?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.