# Transborder agglomeration

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Urban area that extends into two or more countries (or dependent territories)

[San Diego–Tijuana](/source/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana) is an [urban agglomeration](/source/Urban_area) across the [Mexico–United States border](/source/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border).

A **transborder agglomeration** is an [urban agglomeration](/source/Urban_area) or [conurbation](/source/Conurbation) that extends into multiple [sovereign states](/source/Sovereign_state) and/or [dependent territories](/source/Dependent_territory). It includes [city-states](/source/City-state) that agglomerate with their neighbouring countries.

## List of transborder agglomerations

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2010)

### Africa

Main municipalities Countries Total population Kinshasa–Brazzaville Democratic Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo 19,547,463 Bukavu–Cyangugu Democratic Republic of the Congo / Rwanda 1,200,000[1][2] Goma–Gisenyi 756,323 Abidjan–Lagos Côte d'Ivoire / Ghana / Togo / Benin / Nigeria 27,000,000 Lomé–Aflao Togo / Ghana 1,544,206 N'Djamena–Kousséri Chad / Cameroon 1,694,819

### Asia

Main municipalities Countries Total population Astara and Astara Iran– Azerbaijan 100,000 Khorramshahr–Abadan–Basra Iran– Iraq 2,000,000 Dhahran–Jubail–Manama Saudi Arabia– Bahrain 2,000,000 Tashkent–Saryagash Uzbekistan– Kazakhstan 3,000,000[3] Fergana and Kyzyl-Kiya Uzbekistan– Kyrgyzstan 300,000 Qorasuv and Kara-Suu 40,000 Heihe–Blagoveshchensk China– Russia 400,000 Dandong–Sinuiju China– North Korea 1,000,000 Greater Bay Area (Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Macau China– Hong Kong– Macau 71,200,000 Sijori Growth Triangle (Singapore–Johor Bahru–Batam–Bintan) Singapore– Malaysia– Indonesia 9,000,000 Padang Besar and Padang Besar Malaysia– Thailand 20,000 Vientiane–Nong Khai Laos– Thailand 900,000 Al Ain and Al-Buraimi United Arab Emirates– Oman 968,589 Savannakhet–Mukdahan Laos– Thailand 200,000

### Europe

Further information: [Eurodistrict](/source/Eurodistrict)

Main municipalities Countries Total population[citation needed] Øresund Region (Greater Copenhagen and Malmö) Denmark– Sweden 3,964,522 Haparanda–Tornio Sweden– Finland 32,000 Pello (Pello, Övertorneå and Pello, Finland) 4,500 Karesuando–Karesuvanto 500 Imatra and Svetogorsk Finland– Russia 45,000 Ivangorod–Narva Russia– Estonia 69,000 Valga–Valka Estonia– Latvia 20,000 Como–Chiasso (part of Greater Milan)[4] Italy– Switzerland 189,000[5] Gorizia–Nova Gorica Italy– Slovenia Basel–Huningue–Weil am Rhein (Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel) Switzerland– France– Germany 2,400,000 Geneva–Annemasse–Ferney-Voltaire–Nyon (Grand Genève) Switzerland– France 890,000 Kreuzlingen–Konstanz Switzerland– Germany 110,000 Basque Eurocity Bayonne-San Sebastián France– Spain 620,000 Le Perthus–Els Límits 700 Bourg-Madame–Puigcerdà Hendaye–Irun Lille–Roubaix–Tourcoing–Mouscron–Tournai–Kortrijk (Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai) France– Belgium 1,850,000 Longwy–Aubange–Pétange France– Belgium– Luxembourg 80,000 Strasbourg–Kehl (Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict) France– Germany 700,000 Forbach–Saarbrücken 700,000 Monaco–Beausoleil–Cap-d'Ail Monaco– France 55,344 La Línea de la Concepción–Gibraltar Spain– Gibraltar 95,628 Baarle (Baarle-Hertog–Baarle-Nassau) Belgium– Netherlands 9,262 Görlitz–Zgorzelec Germany– Poland 85,000 Guben–Gubin 35,000 Frankfurt (Oder)–Słubice 75,000 Szczecin 763,321 Cieszyn–Český Těšín Poland– Czech Republic 57,000 Herzogenrath–Kerkrade Germany– Netherlands 95,000 Freilassing–Salzburg Germany– Austria 175,000 Vienna–Bratislava Austria– Slovakia 2,400,000 Komárom–Komárno Hungary– Slovakia 56,000 Rousse–Giurgiu Bulgaria– Romania 250,000 Lifford–Strabane Ireland– United Kingdom 18,500 Brod–Slavonski Brod Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 110,000 Zvornik–Mali Zvornik Bosnia and Herzegovina– Serbia 70,000 Gradiška–Stara Gradiška Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 53,000 Novi Grad–Dvor Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 30,000 Dubica–Hrvatska Dubica Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 23,000 Kostajnica–Hrvatska Kostajnica Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 8,000

### North America

Main municipalities Countries Total population Paso Canoas Costa Rica / Panama 9,543 Metro Vancouver–Fraser Valley–Bellingham-Whatcom County United States / Canada 3,350,000 Detroit–Windsor 5,976,595 Buffalo-Niagara Region 1,614,790 Port Huron–Sarnia–Point Edward 105,776 Sault Ste. Marie–Sault Ste. Marie 93,944 San Diego–Tijuana United States / Mexico 5,105,769[6] Calexico–Mexicali 1,143,000 San Luis Río Colorado–San Luis 227,000 Nogales–Nogales 240,000 El Paso–Juárez 2,500,000[7] Laredo–Nuevo Laredo 775,481[8] Lower Rio Grande Valley 2,671,028[9] Reynosa–McAllen 1,500,000[10] Brownsville–Matamoros 1,387,985[11]

### South America

Main municipalities Countries Total population Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni–Albina French Guiana / Suriname Saint Georges–Oiapoque French Guiana / Brazil 32,000 Quaraí–Artigas Brazil / Uruguay 67,000 Santana do Livramento–Rivera 140,000 Chuí–Chuy 15,592[12][13] Corumbá–Puerto Suárez Brazil / Bolivia 124,000 Tabatinga–Leticia–Santa Rosa Brazil / Colombia / Peru 107,000 Ponta Porã–Pedro Juan Caballero Brazil / Paraguay 209,000 Foz do Iguaçu–Ciudad del Este–Puerto Iguazu Brazil / Paraguay / Argentina 800,000 Barracão–Dionísio Cerqueira–Bernardo de Irigoyen Brazil / Argentina 36,000 Uruguaiana–Paso de los Libres 170,000 Tulcán–Ipiales Ecuador / Colombia 190,000 Cúcuta–San Antonio del Táchira Colombia / Venezuela 700,000 [14]

## See also

- [Border town](/source/Border_town)

- [Cross-border town naming](/source/Cross-border_town_naming)

- [List of divided cities](/source/List_of_divided_cities)

- [Metropolitan area](/source/Metropolitan_area)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Population (2023) - Population Stat"](https://populationstat.com/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/bukavu). *populationstat.com*. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Explore Cyangugu Town"](https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/explore-cyangugu-town/). *Nyungwe Forest National Park*. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Dankov, Artem. ["Central Asian cities are overgrown with slums"](http://centre1.com/world/tsentralnoaziatskie-goroda-obrastayut-trushhobami). *centre1.com*. Retrieved 12 May 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf) (PDF). *www.espon.eu*. Archived from [the original](http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf) (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf) (PDF). *www.espon.eu*. Archived from [the original](http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf) (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["San Diego - Tijuana"](https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005330/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-223&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049427). World Gazetteer. Archived from [the original](http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-223&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049427) on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 1 September 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Guest_Life:_Facts_7-0)** ["The 411 - Fascinating Facts"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103839/http://www.guestlife.com/media/GuestLife/El-Paso/The-411-On-El-Paso/The-411-Fascinating-Facts/). *Guest Life: El Paso/Juarez and Southern New Mexico*. Archived from [the original](http://www.guestlife.com/media/GuestLife/El-Paso/The-411-On-El-Paso/The-411-Fascinating-Facts/) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 17 Feb 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Nuevo Laredo Metro area"](http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-2&srt=pnan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049425). World Gazetteer. Retrieved 1 September 2011.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Gomez, Rodney; Guajardo, Luis; Ely-Ledesma, Edna (June 15, 2022). ["It is time to recognize the Rio Grande Valley as a rising borderland metropolis"](https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/it-time-recognize-rio-grande-valley-rising-borderland-metropolis). Rice University: Kinder Institute for Urban Research.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["McAllen Overview"](http://www.mcallen.org/Business-Community/McAllen-Overview). McAllen Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 26 August 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Explore Matamoros"](https://flybrownsville.com/explore/matamoros-tamaulipas-mex/). Brownsville South Padre Island International Airport. Retrieved 5 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["IBGE Cidades (Brazil's Census 2010)"](https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rs/chui/panorama).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["INE (Uruguay's Census 2011)"](http://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/censos-2011).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2016/08/15/cucuta-y-san-antonio-dos-ciudades-unidas-pero-separadas-por-cierre-frontera/](http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2016/08/15/cucuta-y-san-antonio-dos-ciudades-unidas-pero-separadas-por-cierre-frontera/) "...que une ambas ciudades formando una conurbación, los 650.000 habitantes de Cúcuta y los 50.000 de San Antonio supieron que comenzaban tiempos difíciles."

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Transborder agglomeration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.