# Traklosia

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{{Short description|Genus of roundworms}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|taxon=Traklosia
|authority=Bernard & Phillips, 2015<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" />
|synonyms={{genus list|Robertia|Travassos & Kloss, 1961<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961"/> nec Boonstra, 1948}}
|type_species=''Robertia leiperi''
|type_species_authority=Travassos & Kloss, 1961<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision       =
  {{linked species list
  |Traklosia cubana{{!}}T. cubana|(Spiridonov, 1984)
  |Traklosia leiperi{{!}}T. leiperi|(Travassos & Kloss, 1961)<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961"/>
  |Traklosia longicauda{{!}}T. longicauda|(Garcia et al., 1995)<ref name="Garcia et al., 1995" />
  }}
}}

'''''Traklosia''''' is a genus of [nematodes](/source/nematodes). The genus was originally [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 1961 under the deprecated name ''Robertia''. It consists of three species found in Brazil and Cuba, and they are parasites of [millipedes](/source/millipedes).

==Taxonomic history==
In 2015, Ernest C. Bernard and Gary Phillips coined ''Traklosia'' as [nomen novum](/source/nomen_novum) for ''Robertia''. The word ''Traklosia'' comes from the first three letters in the surnames of L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss.<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" /> Travassos and Kloss had [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) the genus ''Robertia'' for their newly-described species ''Robertia leiperi'' in 1961.<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961" /> The [generic name](/source/generic_name_(biology)) ''Robertia'' was [unavailable](/source/unavailable_name) because a senior homonym, the [synapsid](/source/synapsid) genus ''[Robertia](/source/Robertia)'', was named in 1948.<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" />

''Traklosia'' is the [type genus](/source/type_genus) of the family Traklosiidae, which was changed from Robertiidae.<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" /> The genus ''[Triumphalisnema](/source/Triumphalisnema)'' is in the same family.<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" /> Travassos and Kloss initially placed their genus ''Robertia'' in a new subfamily Robertiinae in the family Thelastomatidae.<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961" /> [George Poinar Jr.](/source/George_Poinar_Jr.) recognized Robertiidae as its own family in 1977.<ref name="Phillips et al., 2016" /> In 1989, Adamson synonymized Robertiidae with Thelastomatidae.<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992" /> The family Traklosiidae is thought to be valid according to Gary Phillips and colleagues.<ref name="Phillips et al., 2016" />

===Species===
{{As of|2015}}, three species are recognized in the genus ''Traklosia''. All of them were initially described with the generic name ''Robertia''. The three species are: ''T. cubana'',  ''T. leiperi'', and ''T. longicauda''. The [type species](/source/type_species) is ''T. leiperi'', under its [original combination](/source/original_combination) ''Robertia leiperi''.<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015" /> ''T. cubana'' was described in 1984 by S. E. Spiridonov of the [USSR Academy of Science](/source/USSR_Academy_of_Science). ''T. leiperi'' was described in 1961 by L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss of the [Oswaldo Cruz Institute](/source/Oswaldo_Cruz_Foundation).<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961"/> ''T. longicauda'' was described in 1995 by Nayla García, Alberto Coy, and Marianela Álvarez, all parasitologists at the [Cuban Academy of Sciences](/source/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences).<ref name="Garcia et al., 1995" />

==Diagnosis and description==
Females in this genus are very small. The female reproductive system has only one genital tract. Their uteri are parallel and oriented to their [posterior](/source/posterior_(anatomy)). They bear a single egg at a time, and eggs are ovalish. Their vagina points [anterior](/source/anterior_(anatomy))ly and is in the posterior third of their body (excluding the tail).<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992"/> Males have a [caudal](/source/caudal_(anatomical_term)) extremity which suddenly narrows half-way making its end thread-like. Their genital cone is well developed.<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992"/>

==Distribution==
''Traklosia'' is found in South America and the [West Indies](/source/West_Indies).<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992" /> ''T. cubana'' and ''T. longicauda'' are both found in Cuba: ''T. cubana'' has been recorded in [Guantánamo](/source/Guant%C3%A1namo) along the ''[Carretera Central](/source/Carretera_Central_(Cuba))'' between [Imías](/source/Im%C3%ADas) and [Baracoa](/source/Baracoa), and ''T. longicauda'' has been recorded in the National Botanical Garden in [Havana](/source/Havana).<ref name="Garcia et al., 2002"/> ''T. leiperi'' has been recorded in the Brazilian state of [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)).<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992" /><ref name="Travassos et al., 1961" />

==Hosts==
''Traklosia'' species infect hosts in the orders [Coleoptera](/source/Coleoptera) and  [Diplopoda](/source/Diplopoda).<ref name="Jex et al., 2006" /> ''T. cubana'' and ''T. longicauda'' have both been found in the millipede genus ''[Rhinocricus](/source/Rhinocricus)'': ''T. cubana'' has been found in an unspecified ''Rhinocricus'' species and ''T. longicauda'' has been found in ''[R. duvernoyi](/source/Rhinocricus_duvernoyi)''.<ref name="Garcia et al., 2002"/> ''T. leiperi'' has been found in the millipede species ''[Eurydesmus ruidus](/source/Eurydesmus_ruidus)''.<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961" /> 
<!---The table in Jex et al. 2006 says it also it has hosts in the order Coleoptera based on an examination of the literature -- I haven't seen this elsewhere though. Other sources I've found only mention Diplopoda hosts.--->

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Phillips et al., 2016">{{cite journal|last1=Phillips|first1=Gary|last2=Bernard|first2=Ernest C.|last3=Pivar|first3=Robert J.|last4=Moulton|first4=John K.|last5=Shelley|first5=Rowland M.|title=''Coronostoma claireae'' n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Oxyuridomorpha: Coronostomatidae) from the Indigenous Milliped ''Narceus gordanus'' (Chamberlain, 1943) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) in Ocala National Forest, Florida|journal=Journal of Nematology|date=2016|volume=48|issue=3|pages=167–168|issn=0022-300X|pmc=5070928|pmid=27765989|doi=10.21307/jofnem-2017-023}}</ref>

<ref name="Travassos et al., 1961">{{cite journal|last1=Travassos|first1=L.|last2=Kloss|first2=G. R.|title=Sur un Curieux Nématode, ''Robertia leiperi'' gen. et sp. nov., Parasite de l'Intestin Postérieur de Diplopode|journal=Journal of Helminthology|date=1961|volume=35|issue=R. T. Leiper Supplement|pages=187–190|doi=10.1017/S0022149X00017740|s2cid=85172857 }}</ref>`

<ref name="Bernard et al., 2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bernard|first1=Ernest C.|last2=Phillips|first2=Gary|title=Replacement names for two nematode junior homonyms|journal=Zootaxa|date=2015|volume=4052|issue=4|pages=479–480|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.6|pmid=26701445|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Jex et al., 2006">{{cite journal|last1=Jex|first1=Aaron R.|last2=Schneider|first2=Margaret A.|last3=Cribb|first3=Thomas H.|title=The importance of host ecology in thelastomatoid (Nematoda: Oxyurida) host specificity|journal=Parasitology International|date=September 2006|volume=55|issue=3|pages=169–74|doi=10.1016/j.parint.2006.03.001|pmid=16675294}}</ref>

<ref name="Adamson et al., 1992">{{cite journal|last1=Adamson|first1=Martin L.|last2=van Waerebeke|first2=Daniel|title=Revision of the Thelastomatoidea, Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts I. Thelastomatidae|journal=Systematic Parasitology|date=1992|volume=21|page=41|doi=10.1007/BF00009911|s2cid=25233827 }}</ref>

<ref name="Garcia et al., 1995">{{cite journal|last1=García|first1=Nayla|last2=Coy|first2=Alberto|last3=Álvarez|first3=Marianela|title=Nuevo género y nuevas especies de nemátodos (Nematoda) parásitos de artrópodos cubanos|journal=Poeyana|date=1995|volume=449|pages=1–15|url=http://poeyana.redciencia.cu/adm/pdf/articulos/poe449_1995.pdf|language=es|issn=0138-6476|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107065201/http://poeyana.redciencia.cu/adm/pdf/articulos/poe449_1995.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=7 January 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Garcia et al., 2002">{{cite journal|last1=García|first1=Nayla|last2=Coy|first2=Alberto|last3=Ventosa|first3=Luisa|title=Rigonemátidos y oxiúridos (Nematoda: Rhigonematida, Oxyurida) asociados a la artropodofauna cubana|journal=Cocuyo|date=2002|volume=12|page=4|url=http://www.caribbeanahigroup.org/pdf/cocuyo/cocuyo_12_2002.pdf}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Spiridinov|first1=S. E.|title=New oxyurid species from the intestine of ''Rhinocricus'' sp.|journal=Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta|date=1984|volume=126|pages=33–49|language=ru}}
{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q48975017}}

Category:Rhabditida genera
Category:Parasites of arthropods

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Traklosia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traklosia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traklosia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.