# Tragia

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tragia
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tragia.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragia
> Source revision: 1354825165
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

For the island, see [Tragia (island)](/source/Tragia_(island)).

***Tragia*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant) in the spurge [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)), [Euphorbiaceae](/source/Euphorbiaceae). It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the [Arabian Peninsula](/source/Arabian_Peninsula), the [Indian subcontinent](/source/Indian_subcontinent), northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as **noseburns**.[8]

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.[9]

These species are used in [Siddha medicine](/source/Siddha_medicine), which is practiced by the [Tamil people](/source/Tamil_people), and is used in curing [eczema](/source/Eczema), [fevers](/source/Fever), [wheezing](/source/Wheezing), and [diabetes](/source/Diabetes)[citation needed].

**Species[2]**

1. *[Tragia abortiva](/source/Tragia_abortiva)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia acalyphoides](/source/Tragia_acalyphoides)* – [Uzaramo](http://www.mapnall.com/pt/Mapa-Uzaramo-District_154916.html)
1. *[Tragia adenanthera](/source/Tragia_adenanthera)* – Tanzania, Malawi
1. *[Tragia adenophila](/source/Tragia_adenophila)* – Paraguay
1. *[Tragia affinis](/source/Tragia_affinis)* – C + S Mexico
1. *[Tragia aliena](/source/Tragia_aliena)* – tropical America
1. *[Tragia amblyodonta](/source/Tragia_amblyodonta)* – Mexico, SW US
1. *[Tragia angolensis](/source/Tragia_angolensis)* – Angola, Zambia
1. *[Tragia arabica](/source/Tragia_arabica)* – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
1. *[Tragia arnhemica](/source/Tragia_arnhemica)* – [Northern Territory](/source/Northern_Territory_of_Australia)
1. *[Tragia ashiae](/source/Tragia_ashiae)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia aurea](/source/Tragia_aurea)* – Bolivia
1. *[Tragia bahiensis](/source/Tragia_bahiensis)* – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
1. *[Tragia balfourii](/source/Tragia_balfourii)* – [Socotra](/source/Socotra)
1. *[Tragia ballyi](/source/Tragia_ballyi)* – Kenya
1. *[Tragia baroniana](/source/Tragia_baroniana)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia benthamii](/source/Tragia_benthamii)* – tropical Africa
1. *[Tragia betonicifolia](/source/Tragia_betonicifolia)* – SC US
1. *[Tragia bicolor](/source/Tragia_bicolor)* – S India
1. *[Tragia biflora](/source/Tragia_biflora)* – Hispaniola
1. *[Tragia boiviniana](/source/Tragia_boiviniana)* – [Nosy Be](/source/Nosy_Be)
1. *[Tragia bongolana](/source/Tragia_bongolana)* – Sudan
1. *[Tragia brevipes](/source/Tragia_brevipes)* – C + E Africa
1. *[Tragia brevispica](/source/Tragia_brevispica)* – Texas, Oklahoma, [Tamaulipas](/source/Tamaulipas)
1. *[Tragia brouniana](/source/Tragia_brouniana)* – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
1. *[Tragia capensis](/source/Tragia_capensis)* – South Africa
1. *[Tragia caperonioides](/source/Tragia_caperonioides)* – Paraguay
1. *[Tragia catamarcensis](/source/Tragia_catamarcensis)* – [Catamarca](/source/Catamarca_Province)
1. *[Tragia ceanothifolia](/source/Tragia_ceanothifolia)* – Kenya
1. *[Tragia cearensis](/source/Tragia_cearensis)* – [Ceará](/source/Cear%C3%A1)
1. *[Tragia chevalieri](/source/Tragia_chevalieri)* – [Benin](/source/Benin), Ivory Coast, Nigeria
1. *[Tragia chlorocaulon](/source/Tragia_chlorocaulon)* – Bolivia, S Brazil
1. *[Tragia cinerea](/source/Tragia_cinerea)* – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya
1. *[Tragia cocculifolia](/source/Tragia_cocculifolia)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia collina](/source/Tragia_collina)* – [KwaZulu-Natal](/source/KwaZulu-Natal)
1. *[Tragia cordata](/source/Tragia_cordata)* – SE + SC US
1. *[Tragia correae](/source/Tragia_correae)* – Costa Rica, Panama
1. *[Tragia crenata](/source/Tragia_crenata)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia cubensis](/source/Tragia_cubensis)* – Cuba
1. *[Tragia cuneata](/source/Tragia_cuneata)* – [Bahia](/source/Bahia)
1. *[Tragia descampsii](/source/Tragia_descampsii)* – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania
1. *[Tragia dinteri](/source/Tragia_dinteri)* – Namibia
1. *[Tragia dioica](/source/Tragia_dioica)* – southern Africa
1. *[Tragia dodecandra](/source/Tragia_dodecandra)* – N Argentina
1. *[Tragia doryodes](/source/Tragia_doryodes)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia durbanensis](/source/Tragia_durbanensis)* – S Mozambique, South Africa
1. *[Tragia fallacina](/source/Tragia_fallacina)* – Uruguay
1. *[Tragia fasciculata](/source/Tragia_fasciculata)* – Central African Rep
1. *[Tragia finalis](/source/Tragia_finalis)* – N Queensland
1. *[Tragia friesii](/source/Tragia_friesii)* – Bolivia, NW Argentina
1. *[Tragia furialis](/source/Tragia_furialis)* – SE Africa, [Comoros](/source/Comoros), Madagascar
1. *[Tragia gardneri](/source/Tragia_gardneri)* – Zimbabwe
1. *[Tragia geraniifolia](/source/Tragia_geraniifolia)* – SE South America
1. *[Tragia giardelliae](/source/Tragia_giardelliae)* – S Brazil, [Misiones](/source/Misiones_Province)
1. *[Tragia glabrescens](/source/Tragia_glabrescens)* – Kenya, Tanzania
1. *[Tragia glanduligera](/source/Tragia_glanduligera)* – Mexico, S Texas
1. *[Tragia gracilis](/source/Tragia_gracilis)* – E Cuba
1. *[Tragia guatemalensis](/source/Tragia_guatemalensis)* – Guatemala
1. *[Tragia hassleriana](/source/Tragia_hassleriana)* – Paraguay
1. *[Tragia hieronymi](/source/Tragia_hieronymi)* – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay
1. *[Tragia hildebrandtii](/source/Tragia_hildebrandtii)* – E Africa
1. *[Tragia hispida](/source/Tragia_hispida)* – [Uttarakhand](/source/Uttarakhand), Nepal, [Assam](/source/Assam), [Bhutan](/source/Bhutan), Bangladesh
1. *[Tragia imerinica](/source/Tragia_imerinica)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia impedita](/source/Tragia_impedita)* – Kenya, Tanzania
1. *[Tragia incana](/source/Tragia_incana)* – Uruguay
1. *[Tragia incisifolia](/source/Tragia_incisifolia)* – southern Africa
1. *[Tragia insuavis](/source/Tragia_insuavis)* – Kenya, Tanzania
1. *[Tragia involucrata](/source/Tragia_involucrata)* – Indian Subcontinent
1. *[Tragia ivohibeensis](/source/Tragia_ivohibeensis)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia jonesii](/source/Tragia_jonesii)* – NW Mexico
1. *[Tragia karsteniana](/source/Tragia_karsteniana)* – Colombia
1. *[Tragia kirkiana](/source/Tragia_kirkiana)* – E + SE Africa
1. *[Tragia laciniata](/source/Tragia_laciniata)* – S [Arizona](/source/Arizona), [Chihuahua](/source/Chihuahua_(state)), [Sonora](/source/Sonora)
1. *[Tragia laminularis](/source/Tragia_laminularis)* – W Africa
1. *[Tragia lancifolia](/source/Tragia_lancifolia)* – Namibia
1. *[Tragia lasiophylla](/source/Tragia_lasiophylla)* – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
1. *[Tragia lassia](/source/Tragia_lassia)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia leucandra](/source/Tragia_leucandra)* – S Brazil
1. *[Tragia lippiifolia](/source/Tragia_lippiifolia)* – Tanzania
1. *[Tragia lukafuensis](/source/Tragia_lukafuensis)* – [Katanga](/source/Katanga_Province), Zambia
1. *[Tragia mazoensis](/source/Tragia_mazoensis)* – Zimbabwe
1. *[Tragia melochioides](/source/Tragia_melochioides)* – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
1. *[Tragia mexicana](/source/Tragia_mexicana)* – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
1. *[Tragia meyeriana](/source/Tragia_meyeriana)* – southern Africa
1. *[Tragia micromenes](/source/Tragia_micromenes)* – Zambia
1. *[Tragia mildbraediana](/source/Tragia_mildbraediana)* – W Africa
1. *[Tragia minor](/source/Tragia_minor)* – southern Africa
1. *[Tragia mitis](/source/Tragia_mitis)* – Sudan, Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia mixta](/source/Tragia_mixta)* – E Africa
1. *[Tragia moammarensis](/source/Tragia_moammarensis)* – Yemen
1. *[Tragia monadelpha](/source/Tragia_monadelpha)* – Guinea
1. *[Tragia montana](/source/Tragia_montana)* – S India, Sri Lanka
1. *[Tragia negeliensis](/source/Tragia_negeliensis)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia nepetifolia](/source/Tragia_nepetifolia)* – Mexico, Honduras, SW US
1. *[Tragia nigricans](/source/Tragia_nigricans)* – Texas
1. *[Tragia novae-hollandiae](/source/Tragia_novae-hollandiae)* – Queensland, New South Wales
1. *[Tragia okanyua](/source/Tragia_okanyua)* – E + SE + S Africa
1. *[Tragia pacifica](/source/Tragia_pacifica)* – [Chiapas](/source/Chiapas), [Oaxaca](/source/Oaxaca), [Sinaloa](/source/Sinaloa)
1. *[Tragia paxii](/source/Tragia_paxii)* – S Brazil, [Misiones](/source/Misiones_Province)
1. *[Tragia peltata](/source/Tragia_peltata)* – [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state))
1. *[Tragia perrieri](/source/Tragia_perrieri)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia petiolaris](/source/Tragia_petiolaris)* – Tanzania, Zambia
1. *[Tragia physocarpa](/source/Tragia_physocarpa)* – Namibia, [Limpopo](/source/Limpopo)
1. *[Tragia pinnata](/source/Tragia_pinnata)* – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
1. *[Tragia platycalyx](/source/Tragia_platycalyx)* – [Singida](/source/Singida_Region)
1. *[Tragia plukenetii](/source/Tragia_plukenetii)* – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka
1. *[Tragia plumieri](/source/Tragia_plumieri)* – Haiti
1. *[Tragia pogostemonoides](/source/Tragia_pogostemonoides)* – Tanzania
1. *[Tragia pohlii](/source/Tragia_pohlii)* – [Goiás](/source/Goi%C3%A1s)
1. *[Tragia polyandra](/source/Tragia_polyandra)* – S Brazil, [Misiones](/source/Misiones_Province), Paraguay
1. *[Tragia polygonoides](/source/Tragia_polygonoides)* – Ivory Coast
1. *[Tragia potosina](/source/Tragia_potosina)* – [San Luis Potosí](/source/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD)
1. *[Tragia praetervisa](/source/Tragia_praetervisa)* – S India, Sri Lanka
1. *[Tragia preussii](/source/Tragia_preussii)* – W + C Africa
1. *[Tragia prionoides](/source/Tragia_prionoides)* – Zimbabwe, [Limpopo](/source/Limpopo)
1. *[Tragia prostrata](/source/Tragia_prostrata)* – Zambia
1. *[Tragia pungens](/source/Tragia_pungens)* – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
1. *[Tragia ramosa](/source/Tragia_ramosa)* – SW + SC US, [Nuevo León](/source/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n), [Coahuila](/source/Coahuila)
1. *[Tragia rhodesiae](/source/Tragia_rhodesiae)* – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi
1. *[Tragia rhoicifolia](/source/Tragia_rhoicifolia)* – N Somalia
1. *[Tragia rogersii](/source/Tragia_rogersii)* – [Limpopo](/source/Limpopo)
1. *[Tragia rupestris](/source/Tragia_rupestris)* – southern Africa
1. *[Tragia sanjappae](/source/Tragia_sanjappae)* – S India
1. *[Tragia saxicola](/source/Tragia_saxicola)* – S Florida
1. *[Tragia schlechteri](/source/Tragia_schlechteri)* – KwaZulu-Natal
1. *[Tragia schweinfurthii](/source/Tragia_schweinfurthii)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia senegalensis](/source/Tragia_senegalensis)* – W Africa
1. *[Tragia shirensis](/source/Tragia_shirensis)* – Malawi, Mozambique
1. *[Tragia smallii](/source/Tragia_smallii)* – SE US
1. *[Tragia sonderi](/source/Tragia_sonderi)* – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini
1. *[Tragia spathulata](/source/Tragia_spathulata)* – W Africa
1. *[Tragia stipularis](/source/Tragia_stipularis)* – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia
1. *[Tragia subhastata](/source/Tragia_subhastata)* – Peru
1. *[Tragia subsessilis](/source/Tragia_subsessilis)* – Kenya, Tanzania
1. *[Tragia tabulaemontana](/source/Tragia_tabulaemontana)* – French Guiana
1. *[Tragia tenuifolia](/source/Tragia_tenuifolia)* – tropical Africa
1. *[Tragia tiverneana](/source/Tragia_tiverneana)* – Madagascar
1. *[Tragia tripartita](/source/Tragia_tripartita)* – Sudan
1. *[Tragia tristis](/source/Tragia_tristis)* – Paraguay, Brazil
1. *[Tragia triumfetoides](/source/Tragia_triumfetoides)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia uberabana](/source/Tragia_uberabana)* – SE + SC South America
1. *[Tragia ukambensis](/source/Tragia_ukambensis)* – Kenya, Uganda
1. *[Tragia uncinata](/source/Tragia_uncinata)* – Ethiopia
1. *[Tragia urens](/source/Tragia_urens)* – SE US
1. *[Tragia urticifolia](/source/Tragia_urticifolia)* – SE + SC US, [Tamaulipas](/source/Tamaulipas), [Campeche](/source/Campeche)
1. *[Tragia vogelii](/source/Tragia_vogelii)* – W + C Africa
1. *[Tragia volubilis](/source/Tragia_volubilis)* – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa
1. *[Tragia wahlbergiana](/source/Tragia_wahlbergiana)* – Mozambique, [Limpopo](/source/Limpopo)
1. *[Tragia wildemanii](/source/Tragia_wildemanii)* – W Africa
1. *[Tragia yucatanensis](/source/Tragia_yucatanensis)* – [Yucatán](/source/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula), Belize, Honduras

**formerly included[2]**

moved to other genera *([Acalypha](/source/Acalypha) [Adenophaedra](/source/Adenophaedra) [Alchornea](/source/Alchornea) [Bia](/source/Bia_(plant)) [Cleidion](/source/Cleidion) [Cnesmone](/source/Cnesmone) [Dalechampia](/source/Dalechampia) [Megistostigma](/source/Megistostigma) [Micrococca](/source/Micrococca) [Microstachys](/source/Microstachys) [Omphalea](/source/Omphalea) [Pachystylidium](/source/Pachystylidium) [Platygyna](/source/Platygyna) [Plukenetia](/source/Plukenetia) [Sclerocroton](/source/Sclerocroton) [Shirakiopsis](/source/Shirakiopsis) [Tragiella](/source/Tragiella) [Zuckertia](/source/Zuckertia) )*

1. *T. alienata – [Bia alienata](/source/Bia_alienata)*
1. *T. ambigua – [Tragiella natalensis](/source/Tragiella_natalensis)*
1. *T. anisosepala – [Cnesmone anisosepala](/source/Cnesmone_anisosepala)*
1. *T. anomala – [Tragiella anomala](/source/Tragiella_anomala)*
1. *T. arborea – [Acalypha filiformis](/source/Acalypha_filiformis)*
1. *T. bailloniana – [Zuckertia cordata](/source/Zuckertia_cordata)*
1. *T. bicornis – [Microstachys corniculata](/source/Microstachys_corniculata)*
1. *T. bracteata – [Omphalea bracteata](/source/Omphalea_bracteata)*
1. *T. buettneri – [Dalechampia ipomoeifolia](/source/Dalechampia_ipomoeifolia)*
1. *T. burmanica – [Megistostigma burmanicum](/source/Megistostigma_burmanicum)*
1. *T. castaneifolia – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia) subsp. marginata*
1. *T. chamaelea – [Microstachys chamaelea](/source/Microstachys_chamaelea)*
1. *T. cissoides – [Bia alienata](/source/Bia_alienata)*
1. *T. colorata – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. corniculata – [Microstachys corniculata](/source/Microstachys_corniculata)*
1. *T. delpyana – [Pachystylidium hirsutum](/source/Pachystylidium_hirsutum)*
1. *T. dentata* (Alain) Alain 1971 not Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. 1919 – *[Platygyna dentata](/source/Platygyna_dentata)*
1. *T. elliptica – [Shirakiopsis elliptica](/source/Shirakiopsis_elliptica)*
1. *T. fallax – [Bia fallax](/source/Bia_fallax)*
1. *T. fendleri – [Bia fendleri](/source/Bia_fendleri)*
1. *T. filiformis – [Cleidion javanicum](/source/Cleidion_javanicum)*
1. *T. frieseana – [Tragiella frieseana](/source/Tragiella_frieseana)*
1. *T. fruticosa – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. gagei – [Pachystylidium hirsutum](/source/Pachystylidium_hirsutum)*
1. *T. grandifolia – [Adenophaedra grandifolia](/source/Adenophaedra_grandifolia)*
1. *T. guayanensis – [Monadelpha guayanensis](/source/Monadelpha_guayanensis)*
1. *T. hastata* Reinw. ex Hassk. 1868 not (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. 1874 – *[Cnesmone javanica](/source/Cnesmone_javanica)*
1. *T. hexandra – [Platygyna hexandra](/source/Platygyna_hexandra)*
1. *T. hirsuta – [Pachystylidium hirsutum](/source/Pachystylidium_hirsutum)*
1. *T. howardii – [Platygyna volubilis](/source/Platygyna_volubilis)*
1. *T. innocua* Blanco 1845 not Walter 1788 – *[Alchornea rugosa](/source/Alchornea_rugosa)*
1. *T. integerrima – [Sclerocroton integerrimus](/source/Sclerocroton_integerrimus)*
1. *T. integrifolia – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. irritans – [Pachystylidium hirsutum](/source/Pachystylidium_hirsutum)*
1. *T. japurensis – [Bia fendleri](/source/Bia_fendleri)*
1. *T. laevis – [Cnesmone laevis](/source/Cnesmone_laevis)*
1. *T. leonis – [Platygyna leonis](/source/Platygyna_leonis)*
1. *T. lessertiana – [Bia lessertiana](/source/Bia_lessertiana)*
1. *T. lobata – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. macrophylla – [Cnesmone javanica](/source/Cnesmone_javanica)*
1. *T. mairei – [Cnesmone mairei](/source/Cnesmone_mairei)*
1. *T. marginata – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. mercurialis – [Micrococca mercurialis](/source/Micrococca_mercurialis)*
1. *T. natalensis Hochst. – [Sclerocroton integerrimus](/source/Sclerocroton_integerrimus)*
1. *T. natalensis Sond. – [Tragiella natalensis](/source/Tragiella_natalensis)*
1. *T. obovata – [Platygyna obovata](/source/Platygyna_obovata)*
1. *T. obtusata – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. odorata – [Acalypha integrifolia](/source/Acalypha_integrifolia)*
1. *T. parvifolia* (Alain) Alain 1971 not Pax 1894 – *[Platygyna parvifolia](/source/Platygyna_parvifolia)*
1. *T. philippinensis – [Cnesmone philippinensis](/source/Cnesmone_philippinensis)*
1. *T. pilosa – [Microstachys corniculata](/source/Microstachys_corniculata)*
1. *T. pruricus – [Platygyna hexandra](/source/Platygyna_hexandra)*
1. *T. reticulata – [Acalypha filiformis](/source/Acalypha_filiformis)*
1. *T. rubiginosa* – *[Chicomendes rubiginosus](/source/Chicomendes_rubiginosus)*
1. *T. rugosa – [Cnesmone javanica](/source/Cnesmone_javanica)*
1. *T. salviifolia – [Acalypha salviifolia](/source/Acalypha_salviifolia)*
1. *T. saxatilis* Bojer ex Pax 1924 – *[Acalypha spachiana](/source/Acalypha_spachiana)*
1. *T. schultzeana – [Plukenetia africana](/source/Plukenetia_africana)*
1. *T. sellowiana – [Bia alienata](/source/Bia_alienata)*
1. *T. shankii – [Dalechampia shankii](/source/Dalechampia_shankii)*
1. *T. tenuis – [Acalypha brachystachya](/source/Acalypha_brachystachya)*
1. *T. triandra* Müll.Arg. 1866 – *[Seidelia triandra](/source/Seidelia_triandra)*
1. *T. triandra* (Borhidi) Borhidi 1972 – *[Platygyna triandra](/source/Platygyna_triandra)*
1. *T. villosa – [Acalypha capensis](/source/Acalypha_capensis)*

## References

1. lectotype designated by J. K. Small in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 458 (7 Jun 1913)

1. [Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=207190)

1. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

1. [Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps](http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Tragia)

1. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil [http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010](http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010). Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro

1. Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 73(2): 155–281.

1. Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144

1. Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo & Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (10 December 2021). "Tragia L. Genus: Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity". *Plants*. **10** (12): 2717. [doi:10.3390/plants10122717](https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122717). [PMC 8705345](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8705345). [PMID 34961188](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34961188)

## External links

- [Jepson Manual Treatment](http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3618,3689)
- [USDA Plants Profile](https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TRAGI)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tragia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.