# Tozzia
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Tozzia alpina.jpg
|image_upright = 0.75
|display_parents = 2
|genus = Tozzia
|parent_authority = L.
|species = alpina
|authority = [L.](/source/Carl_Linnaeus)
}}
'''''Tozzia''''' is a [monotypic genus](/source/monotypic_genus) of flowering plants within the broomrape family [Orobanchaceae](/source/Orobanchaceae). It contains a unique [species](/source/species), '''''Tozzia alpina'''''.
While the plant in its young, vegetative stage is [holoparasite](/source/holoparasite), it becomes [hemiparasite](/source/hemiparasite) in its flowering stage. The originality of this species is therefore to combine half and full [parasitism](/source/parasitism).[{{cite journal |last=Weber |first=Hans Christian |title=Zur Biologie von ''Tozzia alpina'' L. (Standort, Wirtspflanzen, Entwicklung, Parasitismus) |journal=Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen |volume=49 |year=1973 |pages=237–249 |issn=0005-8041 }}][{{cite journal |last=Weber |first=Hans Christian |title=Vergleichende Betrachtungen über die unterirdischen Organe von ''Lathraea squamaria'' L. und ''Tozzia alpina'' L. (Scrophulariaceae) |journal=Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen |volume=51 |year=1975 |pages=1–15 |issn=0005-8041 }}][{{Cite book|title=Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa / Teil 1. (Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Globulariaceae, Plantaginaceae) |date=1975 |publisher=Parey |last=Hartl |first=Dimitri |isbn=3489800206 |edition=2nd, völlig neu bearb. Aufl. / hrsg. von Dimitri Hartl |location=Berlin |oclc=180568319}}]
The range of ''Tozzia alpina'' extends from the Pyrenees and the Alps to the Balkans and the Carpathians.[{{cite web |last=Marhold |first=Karol |date=2011 |url=http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=33387&PTRefFk=7200000 |title=''Tozzia'' |website=Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity}}]
== Description ==
=== Vegetative features ===
''Tozzia alpina'' is a [herbaceous](/source/herbaceous), [perennial](/source/perennial) plant, reaching heights of {{convert|10 to 50|cm|in}}. The quadrangular stem is hairless in the lower part, hairy on the edges in the middle and upper part.[{{Cite journal |last1=Těšitel |first1=Jakub |last2=Říha |first2=Pavel |last3=Svobodová |first3=Šárka |last4=Malinová |first4=Tamara |last5=Štech |first5=Milan |date=2010-10-28 |title=Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae |journal=Folia Geobotanica |language=en |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=347–367 |doi=10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y |bibcode=2010FolGe..45..347T |s2cid=39873516 |issn=1211-9520}}][{{Cite journal |last1=Scheunert |first1=Agnes |last2=Fleischmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Olano-Marín |first3=Catalina |last4=Bräuchler |first4=Christian |last5=Heubl |first5=Günther |date=2012-12-14 |title=Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts |journal=Taxon |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=1269–1285|doi=10.1002/tax.616008 }}]
| align=center
| cladogram={{Cladogram of Rhinantheae genera}}
}}
== Ecology ==
''Tozzia alpina'' is a [geophyte](/source/geophyte). In the first year of its growth, ''Tozzia'' feeds as [holoparasite](/source/holoparasite) on large-leaved herbaceous plants, such as species of the genera ''[Rumex](/source/Rumex)'', ''[Adenostyles](/source/Adenostyles)'' and ''[Petasites](/source/Petasites)''. As of the second year, it becomes a [hemiparasite](/source/hemiparasite) with its own [assimilation](/source/assimilation_(biology)), but still receives nutrients from the [host plant](/source/host_(biology)).
It thrives at altitudes of {{Convert|800 to 2600|m|sp=us}}. In the [Allgäu Alps](/source/Allg%C3%A4u_Alps) it rises at the [Linkerskopf](/source/Linkerskopf) in Bavaria up to an altitude of {{Convert|2200|m|sp=us}}.[{{Cite book |last1=Dörr |first1=Erhard |last2=Lippert |first2=Wolfgang |title=Flora des Allgäus und seiner Umgebung / 2 |date=2004 |publisher=IHW-Verl |isbn=3-930167-61-1 |location=Eching |oclc=163491621 }}] It also prefers lime-rich and nutrient-rich, wet-fresh to moist [clay](/source/clay) [soil](/source/soil)s, with northern exposures.