# Toyotomi Hideyoshi

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Military ruler of Japan from 1585 to 1598

"Hideyoshi" redirects here. For the given name, see [Hideyoshi (given name)](/source/Hideyoshi_(given_name)).

In this [Japanese name](/source/Japanese_name), the [surname](/source/Surname) is *[Toyotomi](/source/Toyotomi)*.

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Senior First Rank Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豊臣 秀吉 Portrait by Kanō Mitsunobu, c. 1598 Chief Advisor to the Emperor (Kampaku) In office 6 August 1585 – 10 February 1592 Monarchs Ōgimachi Go-Yōzei Preceded by Nijō Akizane Succeeded by Toyotomi Hidetsugu Chancellor of the Realm (Daijō Daijin) In office 2 February 1586 – 18 September 1598 Monarch Go-Yōzei Preceded by Konoe Sakihisa Succeeded by Tokugawa Ieyasu Head of Toyotomi clan In office 1584–1598 Succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyori Personal details Born Hiyoshimaru (日吉丸) 16 February 1537 Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Owari Province Died 18 September 1598(1598-09-18) (aged 61) Fushimi Castle, Kyoto, Japan Spouses Nene Yodo-dono Domestic partner Kaihime (concubine) Children Hashiba Hidekatsu (adopted son) Toyotomi Tsurumatsu Toyotomi Hideyori Parents Kinoshita Yaemon (father) Ōmandokoro (mother) Relatives Toyotomi Hidenaga (half-brother) Asahi no kata (half-sister) Tomo (Toyotomi) (sister) Toyotomi Hidetsugu (nephew) Konoe Sakihisa (adopted father) Religion Shinto; Buddhism Other names Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下 藤吉郎) Hashiba Hideyoshi (羽柴 秀吉) Divine name Toyokuni Daimyōjin (豊国大明神) Posthumous dharma name Kokutai-yūshō-in-den Reizan Shunryū Daikoji (国泰祐松院殿霊山俊龍大居士) Signature Nickname(s) "Kozaru" (little monkey) "Saru" (monkey) "Toyokuni daimyōjin" Military service Allegiance Oda clan Toyotomi clan Imperial Court Rank Daimyō, Kampaku, Daijō-daijin Unit Toyotomi clan Commands Osaka Castle Battles/wars Siege of Inabayama Siege of Kanegasaki Battle of Anegawa Siege of Nagashima Battle of Ichijodani Siege of Itami Battle of Nagashino Siege of Mitsuji Battle of Tedorigawa Siege of Miki Siege of Tottori Siege of Takamatsu Battle of Yamazaki Battle of Shizugatake Battle of Komaki and Nagakute Negoro-ji Campaign Toyama Campaign Kyūshū campaign Odawara Campaign Korean Campaign See below Japanese name Shinjitai 豊臣 秀吉 Kyūjitai 豐臣 秀吉 Kana とよとみ ひでよし or とよとみ の ひでよし Transcriptions Revised Hepburn Toyotomi Hideyoshi or Toyotomi no Hideyoshi

v t e Campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi Inabayama Anegawa Kanegasaki Odani Castle Kōzuki Castle Tedorigawa Itami Miki Tottori Takamatsu Yamazaki Uchidehama Shizugatake Komaki and Nagakute Kaganoi Takehana Kanie Toyama Negoro-ji Ōta Castle Shikoku & Ichinomiya Kyūshū Hachigata Odawara Shimoda Oshi Oshu Kunohe Korea

Toyotomi clan *[mon](/source/Mon_(emblem))* (Japanese emblem)

**Toyotomi Hideyoshi** (豊臣 秀吉; Japanese pronunciation: [\[to.jo.to.mʲi (|) çi.de(ꜜ).jo.ɕi\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese),[1][2] 16 February 1537 – 18 September 1598), otherwise known as **Kinoshita Tōkichirō** (木下 藤吉郎) and **Hashiba Hideyoshi** (羽柴 秀吉), was a Japanese [samurai](/source/Samurai) and *[daimyō](/source/Daimy%C5%8D)* ([feudal](/source/Feudal) lord) of the late [Sengoku](/source/Sengoku_period) and [Azuchi-Momoyama periods](/source/Azuchi-Momoyama_period) and regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of [Japan](/source/Japan).[3][4] Although he came from a [peasant](/source/Peasant) background, he rose to become the most powerful man in Japan, earning the rank and title of *[Kampaku](/source/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku)* (関白, Imperial Regent) and *[Daijō-daijin](/source/Daij%C5%8D-daijin)* (太政大臣, Chancellor of the Realm), the highest official position and title in the nobility class. He was the first person in history to become a *Kampaku* who was not born a noble. He then passed the position and title of *Kampaku* to his nephew, [Toyotomi Hidetsugu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu). He remained in power as *[Taikō](/source/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku)* (太閤), the title of a retired *Kampaku*, until his death.[5][6]

Hideyoshi rose from a peasant background as a [retainer](/source/Affinity_(medieval)) of the prominent lord [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga) to become one of the most powerful men in Japanese history. He distinguished himself in many of Nobunaga's campaigns. After Nobunaga's death in the [Honnō-ji Incident](/source/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Incident) in 1582, Hideyoshi defeated his assassin [Akechi Mitsuhide](/source/Akechi_Mitsuhide) at the [Battle of Yamazaki](/source/Battle_of_Yamazaki) and became Nobunaga's successor. He then continued the campaign to unite Japan that led to the closing of the Sengoku period. Hideyoshi became the *[de facto](/source/De_facto)* leader of Japan and acquired the prestigious positions of *daijō-daijin* and *kampaku* by the mid-1580s. He conquered [Shikoku](/source/Invasion_of_Shikoku_(1585)) in 1585 and [Kyūshū](/source/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB_campaign) in 1587, and completed the unification by winning the [Siege of Odawara](/source/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)) in 1590 and crushing the [Kunohe rebellion](/source/Kunohe_rebellion) in 1591. With the unification of Japan complete, Hideyoshi launched the [Japanese invasions of Korea](/source/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)) in 1592 to initial success, but eventual military stalemate damaged his prestige before his death in 1598. Hideyoshi's young son and successor [Toyotomi Hideyori](/source/Toyotomi_Hideyori) was displaced by [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu) at the [Battle of Sekigahara](/source/Battle_of_Sekigahara) in 1600 which would lead to the founding of the [Tokugawa Shogunate](/source/Tokugawa_Shogunate).

Hideyoshi's rule covers most of the [Azuchi–Momoyama period](/source/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period) of Japan, partially named after his castle, [Momoyama Castle](/source/Fushimi_Castle). Hideyoshi left an influential and lasting legacy in Japan, including [Osaka Castle](/source/Osaka_Castle), the [Tokugawa class system](/source/Edo_society), the restriction on the possession of weapons to the samurai (the [sword hunt](/source/Sword_hunt)), and the construction and restoration of many temples, some of which are still visible in [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto).

## Early life (1537–1558)

Nakamura Park in [Nagoya](/source/Nagoya), traditionally regarded as Hideyoshi's birthplace

According to tradition, Hideyoshi was born on February 16, 1537, according to the lunar [Japanese calendar](/source/Japanese_calendar) (March 17, 1537, according to the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar); March 27, 1537 ([Proleptic Gregorian calendar](/source/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar))) in [Nakamura](/source/Nakamura-ku%2C_Nagoya), [Owari Province](/source/Owari_Province) (present-day [Nakamura Ward](/source/Nakamura-ku%2C_Nagoya), [Nagoya](/source/Nagoya)), in the middle of the chaotic [Sengoku period](/source/Sengoku_period) under the collapsed [Ashikaga Shogunate](/source/Ashikaga_Shogunate). Hideyoshi had no traceable samurai lineage, and his father Kinoshita Yaemon was an *[ashigaru](/source/Ashigaru)* – a [peasant](/source/Peasant) employed by the samurai as a foot soldier.[7] Hideyoshi had no surname, and his childhood given name was **Hiyoshimaru** (日吉丸; Japanese pronunciation: [\[çi.jo.ɕiꜜ.ma.ɾɯ\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese)[2]) although variations exist. Yaemon died in 1543 when Hideyoshi was seven years old.[8]

Contemporary writings from [Ankokuji Ekei](/source/Ankokuji_Ekei) and Kakukane Ue, a retainer of the Shimazu clan, confirm Hideyoshi's poor background, with Ekei noting that Hideyoshi even had to beg on the street.[9]

Many legends describe Hideyoshi being sent to study at a [temple](/source/Temple) as a young man, but he rejected temple life and went in search of adventure.[10] Under the name **Kinoshita Tōkichirō** (木下 藤吉郎), he first joined the [Imagawa clan](/source/Imagawa_clan) as a servant to a local ruler named [Matsushita Yukitsuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matsushita_Yukitsuna&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E7%B6%B1)] (松下之綱).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Service under Nobunaga (1558–1582)

Main articles: [Battle of Okehazama](/source/Battle_of_Okehazama), [Siege of Inabayama](/source/Siege_of_Inabayama), [Siege of Kanegasaki (1570)](/source/Siege_of_Kanegasaki_(1570)), and [Battle of Anegawa](/source/Battle_of_Anegawa)

A [Jinbaori](/source/Jinbaori) robe with a pattern of birds and other animals which is said to have been worn by Hideyoshi

In 1558, Hideyoshi became an *[ashigaru](/source/Ashigaru)* for the powerful [Oda clan](/source/Oda_clan), the rulers of his home province of [Owari](/source/Owari_Province), now headed by the ambitious [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga).[10] Hideyoshi soon became Nobunaga's [sandal-bearer](/source/Sandal-bearer), a position of relatively high status.[11] According to his biographers, Hideyoshi also supervised the repair of [Kiyosu Castle](/source/Kiyosu_Castle), a claim described as "[apocryphal](/source/Apocrypha#Metaphorical_usage)", and managed the kitchen.[12]

In 1561, Hideyoshi married [One](/source/Nene_(person)), the adopted daughter of [Asano Nagakatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asano_Nagakatsu&action=edit&redlink=1), a descendant of [Minamoto no Yorimitsu](/source/Minamoto_no_Yorimitsu). Hideyoshi carried out repairs on [Sunomata Castle](/source/Sunomata_Castle) with his younger half-brother, [Hashiba Koichirō](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga), along with [Hachisuka Masakatsu](/source/Hachisuka_Masakatsu), and [Maeno Nagayasu](/source/Maeno_Nagayasu). Hideyoshi's efforts were well-received because Sunomata was in enemy territory, and according to legend Hideyoshi constructed a fort in Sunomata overnight and discovered a secret route into [Mount Inaba](/source/Mount_Kinka_(Gifu)), after which much of the local garrison surrendered.[13][*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

*[One Hundred Aspects of the Moon](/source/One_Hundred_Aspects_of_the_Moon)* No. 6, by [Yoshitoshi](/source/Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi): "Mount Inaba Moon" 1885, 12th month. The young Toyotomi Hideyoshi (then named *Kinoshita Tōkichirō*) leads a small group assaulting the castle on [Mount Inaba](/source/Mount_Kinka_(Gifu)).

In 1564, Hideyoshi found success as a negotiator. He managed to convince a number of [Mino](/source/Mino_Province) warlords to desert the [Saitō clan](/source/Sait%C5%8D_clan), mostly with liberal bribes. This included the Saitō clan's strategist, [Takenaka Shigeharu](/source/Takenaka_Shigeharu).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Nobunaga's easy victory at the [siege of Inabayama Castle](/source/Siege_of_Inabayama_Castle) in 1567 was largely due to Hideyoshi's efforts,[14] and despite his peasant origins. In 1568, Hideyoshi became one of Nobunaga's most distinguished generals, eventually taking the name **Hashiba Hideyoshi** (羽柴 秀吉). The new surname included two characters, one each from Oda's right-hand men [Ni**wa** Nagahide](/source/Niwa_Nagahide) (丹**羽** 長秀) and [**Shiba**ta Katsuie](/source/Shibata_Katsuie) (**柴**田 勝家), and the new given name included characters from [Akechi Mitsu**hide**](/source/Akechi_Mitsuhide) (明智 光**秀**) and [Mori **Yoshi**nari](/source/Mori_Yoshinari) (森 **吉**成).

In 1570, Hideyoshi protected Nobunaga's retreat from [Azai](/source/Azai_clan)-[Asakura](/source/Asakura_clan) forces at [Kanegasaki](/source/Kanegasaki). Later, in June 1570, Nobunaga allied with [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu) at the [Battle of Anegawa](/source/Battle_of_Anegawa) to lay siege to two fortresses of the Azai and Asakura clans, and Hideyoshi was assigned to lead [Oda](/source/Oda_clan) troops into open battle for the first time.[12][15]

In 1573, after victorious campaigns against the Azai and Asakura, Nobunaga appointed Hideyoshi *[daimyō](/source/Daimy%C5%8D)* of three districts in the northern part of [Ōmi Province](/source/%C5%8Cmi_Province). Initially, Hideyoshi stayed at the former Azai headquarters at [Odani Castle](/source/Odani_Castle), but moved to Kunitomo town and renamed it "[Nagahama](/source/Nagahama%2C_Shiga)" in tribute to Nobunaga. Hideyoshi later moved to the port at Imahama on [Lake Biwa](/source/Lake_Biwa), where he began work on Imahama Castle and took control of the nearby Kunitomo [firearms](/source/Firearms) factory that had been established some years previously by the Azai and Asakura. Under Hideyoshi's administration, the factory's output of firearms increased dramatically.[16] Later, Hideyoshi participated in the 1573 [siege of Nagashima](/source/Siege_of_Nagashima).[17]

In 1574, Hideyoshi and [Araki Murashige](/source/Araki_Murashige) captured [Itami Castle](/source/Siege_of_Itami_(1574)), and later in 1575, he fought in the [Battle of Nagashino](/source/Battle_of_Nagashino) against the [Takeda clan](/source/Takeda_clan).[18]

In 1576, he took part in the [Siege of Mitsuji](/source/Siege_of_Mitsuji), part of the eleven-year [Ishiyama Hongan-ji War](/source/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War). Later, Nobunaga sent Hideyoshi to [Himeji Castle](/source/Himeji_Castle) to conquer the [Chūgoku region](/source/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region) from the [Mori clan](/source/M%C5%8Dri_clan). Hideyoshi then fought in the [Battle of Tedorigawa](/source/Battle_of_Tedorigawa) (1577), the [siege of Miki](/source/Siege_of_Miki) (1578), the [siege of Tottori](/source/Siege_of_Tottori) (1581) and the [siege of Takamatsu](/source/Siege_of_Takamatsu) (1582).[17]

### Death of Nobunaga

Main articles: [Honnō-ji incident](/source/Honn%C5%8D-ji_incident) and [Battle of Yamazaki](/source/Battle_of_Yamazaki)

On June 21, 1582, during the [Siege of Takamatsu](/source/Siege_of_Takamatsu), [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga) and his eldest son and heir [Nobutada](/source/Oda_Nobutada) were both killed in the [Honnō-ji incident](/source/Honn%C5%8D-ji_incident). Their assassination ended Nobunaga's quest to consolidate centralised power in [Japan](/source/Japan) under his authority. Hideyoshi, seeking vengeance for the death of his lord, made peace with the [Mōri clan](/source/M%C5%8Dri_clan) and thirteen days later met [Akechi Mitsuhide](/source/Akechi_Mitsuhide) and defeated him at the [Battle of Yamazaki](/source/Battle_of_Yamazaki), avenging Nobunaga and taking his authority and power for himself.[17]: 275–279

Meanwhile, the [Hōjō clan](/source/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan) and the Uesugi clan invaded Kai and Shinano province when they heard of Nobunaga's death, beginning the [Tenshō-Jingo war](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu#Tenshō-Jingo_war).[a][21][22] When the Oda clan learned of the defeat of [Takigawa Kazumasu](/source/Takigawa_Kazumasu) at the [Battle of Kanagawa](/source/Battle_of_Kanagawa) by the Hōjō clan, Hideyoshi sent a letter to Ieyasu on July 7 giving him authorization to lead military operations to secure the two provinces from the Hōjō and Uesugi clans.[b] As the war turned in Ieyasu's favor and Sanada Masayuki defected to the Tokugawa side, the Hōjō clan negotiated a truce.[24] Hōjō Ujinobu and [Ii Naomasa](/source/Ii_Naomasa) were the Hōjō and Tokugawa representatives for the preliminary meetings.[25][26] Representatives from the Oda clan such as [Oda Nobukatsu](/source/Oda_Nobukatsu), [Oda Nobutaka](/source/Oda_Nobutaka), and Hideyoshi himself mediated the negotiation until the truce officially took effect in October with both Ieyasu and [Hōjō Ujinao](/source/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujinao) exchanging family members as hostages as a sign of goodwill.[27]

## Rise to power (1582–1585)

[Japan](/source/Japan) around 1582

In 1582, Hideyoshi began construction of [Osaka Castle](/source/Osaka_Castle). Built on the site of the temple [Ishiyama Hongan-ji](/source/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji), which was destroyed by [Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga),[28] construction was completed in 1597. The castle would become the last stronghold of the [Toyotomi clan](/source/Toyotomi_clan) after Hideyoshi's death.[29]

### Conflict with Katsuie

Main article: [Battle of Shizugatake](/source/Battle_of_Shizugatake)

*[One Hundred Aspects of the Moon](/source/One_Hundred_Aspects_of_the_Moon)* No. 67, by [Yoshitoshi](/source/Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi): The Moon and Hideyoshi at the [Battle of Shizugatake](/source/Battle_of_Shizugatake).

In late 1582, Hideyoshi was in a very strong position. He summoned the powerful *daimyō* to [Kiyosu Castle](/source/Kiyosu_Castle) so that they could determine [Nobunaga's](/source/Oda_Nobunaga) heir. [Oda Nobukatsu](/source/Oda_Nobukatsu) and [Oda Nobutaka](/source/Oda_Nobutaka) quarreled, causing Hideyoshi to instead choose Nobunaga's infant grandson [Oda Hidenobu](/source/Oda_Hidenobu).[30]

[Shibata Katsuie](/source/Shibata_Katsuie) initially supported Hideyoshi's decision,[30] but later supported Nobunaga's third son Nobutaka, for whom Katsuie had performed the [genpuku](/source/Genpuku) ritual. He allied with Nobutaka and [Takigawa Kazumasu](/source/Takigawa_Kazumasu) against Hideyoshi. Tension quickly escalated between Hideyoshi and Katsuie, and at the [Battle of Shizugatake](/source/Battle_of_Shizugatake) in the following year, Hideyoshi destroyed Katsuie's forces.[31] Hideyoshi had thus consolidated his own power, dealt with most of the Oda clan, and now controlled some 30 provinces.[14]: 313–314

### Conflict with Ieyasu

Main article: [Battle of Komaki and Nagakute](/source/Battle_of_Komaki_and_Nagakute)

In 1584, Nobukatsu allied himself with [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu), and the two sides fought at the inconclusive [Battle of Komaki and Nagakute](/source/Battle_of_Komaki_and_Nagakute). This ultimately resulted in a stalemate, although Hideyoshi's forces were delivered a heavy blow.[13] Ieyasu and Hideyoshi never fought against each other in person, but the former managed to check the advance of the latter's allies.[32] After Hideyoshi and Ieyasu heard the news of [Ikeda Tsuneoki](/source/Ikeda_Tsuneoki) and [Mori Nagayoshi](/source/Mori_Nagayoshi)'s deaths, both withdrew their troops.[33]

Edo period portrayal of Sakakibara Yasumasa chasing Toyotomi Hideyoshi at Mount Komaki

Following this, Ieyasu's general [Sakakibara Yasumasa](/source/Sakakibara_Yasumasa) circulated a derogatory manifesto condemning Hideyoshi's conduct as betrayal towards the will of Oda Nobunaga and also insulting Hideyoshi's origins.[34] This infuriated Hideyoshi, who offered a reward of 100,000 *Kan* (Japanese gold ingot) to anyone who could bring him Yasumasa's head.[35][c]

Later, Hideyoshi made peace with Nobukatsu and Ieyasu, ending the pretext for war between the [Tokugawa](/source/Tokugawa_clan) and [Hashiba](/source/Hashiba_clan) clans. However, Ieyasu continued to refuse to become Hideyoshi's vassal. Hideyoshi had begun to move towards attacking Ieyasu, but the [1586 Tenshō earthquake](/source/1586_Tensh%C5%8D_earthquake) caused extensive damage to Osaka, causing Hideyoshi to abandon the campaign against Ieyasu. Hideyoshi sent his younger sister [Asahi no kata](/source/Asahi_no_kata) and mother [Ōmandokoro](/source/%C5%8Cmandokoro) to Tokugawa Ieyasu as hostages. In response, Ieyasu finally traveled to Osaka and expressed his intention to submit to Hideyoshi.[33]

### Toyotomi clan and Imperial Court appointment

Main article: [Toyotomi clan](/source/Toyotomi_clan)

Like [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga) before him, Hideyoshi never achieved the title of *[shōgun](/source/Sh%C5%8Dgun)*. Instead, he arranged to have himself adopted by [Konoe Sakihisa](/source/Konoe_Sakihisa), one of the noblest men belonging to the [Fujiwara clan](/source/Fujiwara_clan), and secured a succession of high court titles. These included [Chancellor](/source/Chancellor) ([Daijō-daijin](/source/Daij%C5%8D-daijin)), and in 1585, the prestigious position of Imperial Regent ([kampaku](/source/Kampaku)).[37] Also in 1585, Hideyoshi was formally given the new clan name [Toyotomi](/source/Toyotomi_clan) (instead of [Fujiwara](/source/Fujiwara_clan)) by the Imperial Court.[13] He built a lavish palace in 1587, the [Jurakudai](/source/Jurakudai), and entertained the reigning [Emperor Go-Yōzei](/source/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei) the following year.[38]

Battle standards of Toyotomi Hideyoshi

## Unification of Japan (1585–1592)

Hideyoshi promulgated a ban on Christianity in form of the "Bateren-tsuiho-rei" (the Purge Directive Order to the Jesuits) on July 24, 1587.

Letter from Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy of [Portuguese India](/source/Portuguese_India), to Hideyoshi dated April 1588, concerning the suppression of Christians, a National Treasure of Japan[39][40]

Main articles: [Siege of Negoro-ji](/source/Siege_of_Negoro-ji) and [Siege of Ōta Castle](/source/Siege_of_%C5%8Cta_Castle)

Also in 1585, Hideyoshi launched the [siege of Negoro-ji](/source/Siege_of_Negoro-ji) and subjugated [Kii Province](/source/Kii_Province).[41] The [Negoro-gumi](/source/Negoro-gumi), the warrior monks of [Negoro-ji](/source/Negoro-ji), were allied with the [Ikkō-ikki](/source/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki) and with [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu), whom they supported in the [Battle of Komaki and Nagakute](/source/Battle_of_Komaki_and_Nagakute) the previous year. After attacking a number of other outposts in the area, Hideyoshi's forces attacked Negoro-ji from two sides. Many of the Negoro-gumi had already fled to [Ōta Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cta_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1) by this time, which Hideyoshi later [besieged](/source/Siege_of_%C5%8Cta_Castle). The complex was set aflame, beginning with the residences of the priests, and Hideyoshi's samurai cut down monks as they escaped the blazing buildings.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In the 1585 [Invasion of Shikoku](/source/Invasion_of_Shikoku), Toyotomi forces seized Shikoku island, the smallest of Japan's four main islands, from [Chōsokabe Motochika](/source/Ch%C5%8Dsokabe_Motochika).[42] Toyotomi's forces arrived 113,000 strong under [Toyotomi Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga), [Toyotomi Hidetsugu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu), [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie) and the [Mōri clan](/source/M%C5%8Dri_clan)'s "Two Rivers", [Kobayakawa Takakage](/source/Kobayakawa_Takakage) and [Kikkawa Motoharu](/source/Kikkawa_Motoharu).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Opposing them were 40,000 men of Chōsokabe's. Despite the overwhelming size of Hideyoshi's army, and the suggestions of his advisors, Motochika chose to fight to defend his territories.[43]

During the late summer of August 1585, Hideyoshi launched an attack on [Etchū Province](/source/Etch%C5%AB_Province) and [Hida Province](/source/Hida_Province) where he [besieged Toyama Castle](/source/Siege_of_Toyama).[44]

### 1586-1588 activities

Main articles: [Kyūshū campaign](/source/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB_campaign) and [Sword hunt](/source/Sword_hunt)

In 1586 Hideyoshi conquered [Kyūshū](/source/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB), wresting control from the [Shimazu clan](/source/Shimazu_clan).[45] [Toyotomi Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga), Hideyoshi's half-brother, landed in the south of [Bungo Province](/source/Bungo_Province) on Kyūshū's eastern coast. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi took his own forces down a more western route, in [Chikuzen Province](/source/Chikuzen_Province).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Later that year, with a total of 200,000 soldiers against the 30,000 men of the Shimazu forces, the two brothers met in [Satsuma Province](/source/Satsuma_Province). They [besieged Kagoshima castle](/source/Siege_of_Kagoshima), the Shimazu clan's home. The Shimazu surrendered.[46]

In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade ordinary peasants from owning weapons and launched a [sword hunt](/source/Sword_hunt) to confiscate all such weapons.[47] The weapons were melted down into building material for the Hall of the Great Buddha at the [Hōkō temple](/source/H%C5%8Dk%C5%8D-ji_(Kyoto)) in [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto). which was built by Hideyoshi.[48] This measure effectively stopped peasant revolts, and ensured greater stability at the expense of freedom of the individual daimyō.[49][50]

### Odawara Campaign

Main article: [Siege of Odawara (1590)](/source/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590))

In 1590, Hideyoshi carried out the [Odawara Campaign](/source/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)) against the [Later Hōjō clan](/source/Later_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan) in the [Kantō region](/source/Kant%C5%8D_region),[51] in what historian [Stephen Turnbull](/source/Stephen_Turnbull_(historian)) refers to as "the most unconventional siege lines in samurai history". The samurai were entertained by everything from concubines, prostitutes, and musicians to [acrobats](/source/Acrobat), fire-eaters, and [jugglers](/source/Juggler). The defenders slept on the ramparts with their [teppō](/source/Tepp%C5%8D) and armor; despite their smaller numbers, they discouraged Hideyoshi from attacking.[15] Hideyoshi had [Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle](/source/Ishigakiyama_Ichiya_Castle) secretly constructed in a nearby forest.[52][53][54] During the siege, Hideyoshi offered Ieyasu the eight Hōjō-ruled provinces in the [Kantō region](/source/Kant%C5%8D_region), in exchange for the submission of Ieyasu's five provinces, which Ieyasu accepted.[55]

In late September of the same year, an uprising broke out in the Yokote Basin, Senboku district ([Senboku District, Akita](/source/Senboku_District%2C_Akita) in post-Meiji era), in opposition to the Taiko land survey conducted by the Toyotomi government. Although the Senboku rebellion was suppressed later, the result was a disaster for the [Onodera clan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onodera_clan&action=edit&redlink=1).[56]

### 1591 activities

Main article: [Sen no Rikyū](/source/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB)

In February 1591, Hideyoshi ordered [Sen no Rikyū](/source/Sen_no_Riky%C5%AB) to commit suicide, likely in one of his angry outbursts.[57] Following Rikyū's death, Hideyoshi turned his attention from tea ceremony to [Noh](/source/Noh), which he had been studying since becoming Imperial Regent. During his brief stay in [Nagoya Castle](/source/Nagoya_Castle_(Hizen_Province)) in what is today [Saga Prefecture](/source/Saga_Prefecture), on [Kyūshū](/source/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB), Hideyoshi memorised the *shite* (lead role) parts of ten Noh plays, which he then performed, forcing various *daimyō* to accompany him onstage as the *waki* (secondary, accompanying role). He even performed before the emperor.[58]

The [Kunohe rebellion](/source/Kunohe_rebellion), an [insurrection](/source/Insurrection) that occurred in [Mutsu Province](/source/Mutsu_Province) from March 13 to September 4, 1591, began when [Kunohe Masazane](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kunohe_Masazane&action=edit&redlink=1), a claimant to daimyo of the [Nanbu clan](/source/Nanbu_clan), launched a rebellion against his rival [Nanbu Nobunao](/source/Nanbu_Nobunao) which spread across Mutsu Province. Nobunao was backed by Hideyoshi, who along with sent a large army into the [Tōhoku region](/source/T%C5%8Dhoku_region) in mid-1591 which quickly defeated the rebels. Hideyoshi's army arrived at [Kunohe Castle](/source/Kunohe_Castle) in early September. Masazane, outnumbered, surrendered Kunohe Castle and was executed with the castle defenders. The Kunohe rebellion was the final battle in Hideyoshi's campaigns during the Sengoku period and completed the unification of Japan.[59]

## Taikō (1592–1598)

Replica of [Great Buddha of Kyoto](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%8F). The Great Buddha of Kyoto was built by Hideyoshi to show off his power.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his wife [Kōdai-in](/source/K%C5%8Ddai-in) attended the [flower viewing](/source/Hanami).

The future stability of the [Toyotomi dynasty](/source/Toyotomi_clan) after Hideyoshi's eventual death was put in doubt when his only son, three-year-old Tsurumatsu, died in September 1591, which followed his half-brother [Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga)'s death from illness earlier that year in February. Hideyoshi subsequently named his nephew [Hidetsugu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu) his heir, adopting him in January 1592. Hideyoshi resigned as *kampaku* to take the title of *taikō* (retired regent), and Hidetsugu succeeded him as *kampaku*.[48]

Replica of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's armor

Hideyoshi adopted [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)'s dream of a Japanese conquest of [China](/source/China), and launched the conquest of the [Ming dynasty](/source/Ming_dynasty) [by way of Korea](/source/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)) (at the time known as Koryu or [Joseon](/source/Joseon)).[60]

In 1592, Hideyoshi began an invasion of Korea with the intent of conquering Korea and eventually Ming China.[61]: 99 In 1593, he attempted but failed at compelling Taiwan into a tributary relationship.[62]: 60 Hideyoshi's explicit war goal was for Japan to replace China at the top of the international order.[61]: 92 Hideyoshi wrote to his adopted son Hidetsugu that "it is not Ming China alone that is destined to be subjugated by us, but India, the Philippines, and many islands in the South Sea will share a like fate."[61]: 99–100

### First campaign against Korea

Main article: [Imjin War](/source/Imjin_War)

In the first campaign, Hideyoshi appointed [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie) as field marshal and sent him to the Korean Peninsula in April 1592. [Konishi Yukinaga](/source/Konishi_Yukinaga) occupied [Seoul](/source/Seoul), which was the capital of [Joseon](/source/Joseon), on June 19. After Seoul fell, Japanese commanders held a war council there in June and determined targets of subjugation called *Hachidokuniwari*, literally [Eight(八) Route(道), Country(国) Division(割)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%A6%84%E3%83%BB%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%B9). Each targeted province was attacked by one of the army's eight divisions:[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- [Pyeongan Province](/source/Pyeongan_Province) by the First Division led by [Konishi Yukinaga](/source/Konishi_Yukinaga).

- [Hamgyong](/source/Hamgyong_Province) by the Second Division led by [Katō Kiyomasa](/source/Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa).

- [Hwanghae Province](/source/Hwanghae_Province) by the Third Division led by [Kuroda Nagamasa](/source/Kuroda_Nagamasa).

- [Gangwon Province](/source/Kangwon_Province_(pre-1910)) by the Fourth Division led by [Mōri Katsunaga](/source/M%C5%8Dri_Katsunaga).

- [Chungcheong Province](/source/Chungcheong_Province) by the Fifth Division led by [Fukushima Masanori](/source/Fukushima_Masanori).

- [Jeolla Province](/source/Jeolla_Province) by the Sixth Division led by [Kobayakawa Takakage](/source/Kobayakawa_Takakage).

- [Gyeongsang Province](/source/Gyeongsang_Province) by the Seventh Division led by [Mōri Terumoto](/source/M%C5%8Dri_Terumoto).

- [Gyeonggi Province](/source/Gyeonggi_Province) by the Eighth Division led by [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie).

Within four months, Hideyoshi's forces had a route into [Manchuria](/source/Manchuria) and had occupied much of Korea. The Korean king [Seonjo of Joseon](/source/Seonjo_of_Joseon) escaped to [Uiju](/source/Uiju) and requested military intervention from China. In 1593, the [Wanli Emperor](/source/Wanli_Emperor) of [Ming China](/source/Ming_dynasty) sent an army under general [Li Rusong](/source/Li_Rusong) to block the planned Japanese invasion of China and recapture the Korean peninsula. On January 7, 1593, the Ming relief forces recaptured Pyongyang and surrounded [Seoul](/source/Seoul), but [Kobayakawa Takakage](/source/Kobayakawa_Takakage), [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie), [Tachibana Muneshige](/source/Tachibana_Muneshige) and [Kikkawa Hiroie](/source/Kikkawa_Hiroie) were able to win the [Battle of Byeokjegwan](/source/Battle_of_Byeokjegwan) north of Seoul (now [Goyang](/source/Goyang)). At the end of the first campaign, Japan's entire navy was destroyed by Admiral [Yi Sun-sin](/source/Yi_Sun-sin) of Korea, whose base was located in a part of Korea the Japanese could not control. This destroyed Japan's ability to resupply their troops in Seoul, effectively ending the invasion.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Succession dispute

Toyotomi Hideyori

Following Hideyoshi's appointment of his nephew [Hidetsugu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu) to the position of *[kampaku](/source/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku),* tensions started to develop due to the dual power structure between Hidetsugu, who led the court system, and Hideyoshi, who retained actual military power as retired regent. Although Hideyoshi orchestrated Hidetsugu's rise, the regent's position was governed by established court frameworks, limiting Hideyoshi's ability to bypass precedents. This led to the formation of two factions: the "*Taiko* (Hideyoshi's) group" and the "*Kampaku* (Hidetsugu's) group," which clashed over political and military issues.[48]

The birth of Hideyoshi's second son in 1593, [Hideyori](/source/Toyotomi_Hideyori), exacerbated these tensions, as it introduced another potential heir to the Toyotomi dynasty. In July 1595, amidst suspicions of treason and the ongoing Korean invasion, Hidetsugu was stripped of his titles, exiled to [Mount Kōya](/source/Mount_K%C5%8Dya), and then ordered to commit suicide in August 1595. Hidetsugu's family members who did not follow his example, including 31 women and several children, were then beheaded in [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto).[48][63][64][65][66] In the aftermath, Hideyoshi solidified his authority by securing loyalty oaths, signed in blood, from magistrates and daimyos including influential damiyo like [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu), [Maeda Toshiie](/source/Maeda_Toshiie), [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie), [Mori Terumoto](/source/M%C5%8Dri_Terumoto), and [Kobayakawa Takakage](/source/Kobayakawa_Takakage).[48]

### Second campaign against Korea

Main article: [Imjin War](/source/Imjin_War)

After several years of negotiations, which were broken off after envoys from both sides falsely reported that the opposition had surrendered, Hideyoshi appointed [Kobayakawa Hideaki](/source/Kobayakawa_Hideaki) to lead a renewed invasion of Korea. This invasion met with less success than the first; Japanese troops remained pinned down in [Gyeongsang Province](/source/Gyeongsang_Province), and although the Japanese forces turned back several Chinese offensives in [Suncheon](/source/Suncheon) and [Sacheon](/source/Sacheon) in June 1598, they were unable to make further progress as the [Ming](/source/Ming_dynasty) army prepared for a final assault. While Hideyoshi's [battle at Sacheon](/source/Battle_of_Sacheon_(1598)), led by [Shimazu Yoshihiro](/source/Shimazu_Yoshihiro), was a major Japanese victory, all three parties to the war were exhausted. He told his commander in Korea, "Don't let my soldiers become spirits in a foreign land.".[4]

## Death

Houkokubyo (Mausoleum of Toyotomi Hideyoshi) [Higashiyama-ku](/source/Higashiyama-ku%2C_Kyoto), [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto)

Toyotomi Hideyoshi died at [Fushimi Castle](/source/Fushimi_Castle) on September 18, 1598 ([Keichō](/source/Keich%C5%8D) 3, 18th day of the 8th month). His last words, delivered to his closest *daimyō* and generals, were "I depend upon you for everything. I have no other thoughts to leave behind. It is sad to part from you." His death was kept secret by the [Council of Five Elders](/source/Council_of_Five_Elders) to preserve morale, and they ordered Japanese forces in [Korea](/source/Korea) to return to Japan.

According to the *Tokugawa Jikki* record, Hideyoshi held a secret meeting with [Koide Hidemasa](/source/Koide_Hidemasa) and [Katagiri Katsumoto](/source/Katagiri_Katsumoto) where he shared his regret of launching invasions of Korea. Hideyoshi also instructed Hidemasa and Katsumoto to guide Hideyori into making an alliance with Ieyasu, as he predicted the power of the [Tokugawa clan](/source/Tokugawa_clan) would grow unchecked after his death, and the only solution for the Toyotomi clan to survive was to not oppose Ieyasu.[67]

After Hideyoshi's death, the other members of the Council of Five Elders were unable to keep Ieyasu's ambitions in check. Two of Hideyoshi's [top generals](/source/Seven_Spears_of_Shizugatake), [Katō Kiyomasa](/source/Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa) and [Fukushima Masanori](/source/Fukushima_Masanori), had fought bravely during the war but returned to find the [Toyotomi clan](/source/Toyotomi_clan) [castellan](/source/Castellan) [Ishida Mitsunari](/source/Ishida_Mitsunari) in power. He held the generals in contempt, and they sided with Ieyasu. Hideyori lost the power his father once held, and Ieyasu's power was consolidated when his Eastern Army defeated the Mitsunari's Western Army at the [Battle of Sekigahara](/source/Battle_of_Sekigahara) in 1600. Ieyasu, who was appointed as a [shogun](/source/Shogun) in 1603 and established the [Tokugawa shogunate](/source/Tokugawa_shogunate), attacked [Osaka Castle](/source/Osaka_Castle) twice in 1614 and 1615 (the [Siege of Osaka](/source/Siege_of_Osaka)), forcing Hideyoshi's concubine [Yodo-dono](/source/Yodo-dono) and Hideyori to commit suicide, destroying the [Toyotomi clan](/source/Toyotomi_clan).[68][69]

It is now believed that Hideyoshi's loss of all his adult heirs, leaving only the five-year-old Hideyori as his successor, was the primary reason for the weakening of the Toyotomi regime and its eventual downfall.[64][65][66]

## Family

- Father: Kinoshita Yaemon (d. 1543) - Adopted father: [Konoe Sakihisa](/source/Konoe_Sakihisa) (1536–1612)

- Mother: [Ōmandokoro](/source/%C5%8Cmandokoro) (1513–1592) - Siblings: - [Toyotomi Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga) (1540–1591) - [Tomo](/source/Tomo_(Toyotomi)) (1534–1625), married [Soeda Jinbae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soeda_Jinbae&action=edit&redlink=1) - [Asahi no kata](/source/Asahi_no_kata) (1543–1590), married first Soeda Oshinari then [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu)

### Wives and concubines

Hideyoshi sitting with his wives and concubines

- Wife [Nene](/source/Nene_(aristocrat)) (between 1541 and 1549–1624), or One, later Kōdai-in

- [Minami-dono](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minami-dono&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Yamana Toyokuni](/source/Yamana_Toyokuni)

- [Yodo-dono](/source/Yodo-dono) (1569–1615), or Chacha, later Daikōin, daughter of [Azai Nagamasa](/source/Azai_Nagamasa)

- [Minami no Tsubone](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minami_no_Tsubone&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Yamana Toyokuni](/source/Yamana_Toyokuni)

- [Kyōgoku Tatsuko](/source/Ky%C5%8Dgoku_Tatsuko), daughter of [Kyōgoku Takayoshi](/source/Ky%C5%8Dgoku_Takayoshi)

- [Kaga-dono](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaga-dono&action=edit&redlink=1) or [Maahime](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maahime&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Maeda Toshiie](/source/Maeda_Toshiie)

- [Kaihime](/source/Kaihime), daughter of [Narita Ujinaga](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narita_Ujinaga&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Sonnomaru-dono](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonnomaru-dono&action=edit&redlink=1), adopted daughter of [Gamō Ujisato](/source/Gam%C5%8D_Ujisato), daughter of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)

- Kusu no Tsubone, later Hokoin, daughter of [Azai Nagamasa](/source/Azai_Nagamasa)

- [Sanjo-dono](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjo-dono&action=edit&redlink=1) or Tora, daughter of [Gamō Katahide](/source/Gam%C5%8D_Katahide)

- [Himeji-dono](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Himeji-dono&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Oda Nobukane](/source/Oda_Nobukane)

- [Hirozawa no Tsubone](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hirozawa_no_Tsubone&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Kunimitsu Kyosho](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kunimitsu_Kyosho&action=edit&redlink=1)

- Ōshima or Shimako, later [Gekkein](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gekkein&action=edit&redlink=1), daughter of [Ashikaga Yorizumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashikaga_Yorizumi&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Anrunkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anrunkin&action=edit&redlink=1) or [Otane no Kata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otane_no_Kata&action=edit&redlink=1)

- [Ofuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ofuku&action=edit&redlink=1), later Enyu-in, daughter of [Miura Noto no Kami](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miura_Noto_no_Kami&action=edit&redlink=1) and mother of [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie)

### Children

[Hashiba Hidekatsu](/source/Hashiba_Hidekatsu) (Ishimatsumaru)

- [Hashiba Hidekatsu](/source/Hashiba_Hidekatsu) (Ishimatsumaru) (1570–1576) by Minami-dono

- daughter (name unknown) by Minami-dono

Tsurumatsu

- Toyotomi Tsurumatsu (1589–1591) by [Yodo-dono](/source/Yodo-dono)

- [Toyotomi Hideyori](/source/Toyotomi_Hideyori) (1593–1615) by [Yodo-dono](/source/Yodo-dono)

### Adopted sons

- [Hashiba Hidekatsu](/source/Hashiba_Hidekatsu) (Tsugaru) (1567–1586), fourth son of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)

- Oda Nobutaka, later Toyotomi Takahiro (1576–1602), seventh son of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)

- Oda Nobuyoshi, later Toyotomi Musashi (1573–1615), eighth son of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)

- Oda Nobuyoshi (d. 1609), tenth son of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga)

- [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie) (1572–1655), son of [Ukita Naoie](/source/Ukita_Naoie)

- [Toyotomi Hidetsugu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu) (1568–1595), first son of Hideyoshi's sister Tomo with Miyoshi Kazumichi

- [Toyotomi Hidekatsu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidekatsu) (1569–1592), second son of Hideyoshi's sister Tomo with Miyoshi Kazumichi

- Toyotomi Hideyasu (1579–1595), third son of Hideyoshi's sister Tomo with Miyoshi Kazumichi

- [Yūki Hideyasu](/source/Y%C5%ABki_Hideyasu) (1574–1607), [Tokugawa Ieyasu](/source/Tokugawa_Ieyasu)'s second son

- Ikeda Nagayoshi, third son of [Ikeda Nobuteru](/source/Ikeda_Nobuteru)

- [Kobayakawa Hideaki](/source/Kobayakawa_Hideaki) (1577–1602), Hideyoshi's nephew from his wife [Nene](/source/Nene_(aristocrat))'s family

- [Prince Hachijō Toshihito](/source/Prince_Hachij%C5%8D_Toshihito) (1579–1629), sixth son of [Prince Masahito](/source/Prince_Masahito)

### Adopted daughters

- [Gohime](/source/G%C5%8Dhime) (1574–1634), daughter of [Maeda Toshiie](/source/Maeda_Toshiie), married to [Ukita Hideie](/source/Ukita_Hideie)

- [O-hime](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O-hime&action=edit&redlink=1) (1585–1591), daughter of [Oda Nobukatsu](/source/Oda_Nobukatsu), married to [Tokugawa Hidetada](/source/Tokugawa_Hidetada)

- [Oeyo](/source/Oeyo) (1573–1626), daughter of [Azai Nagamasa](/source/Azai_Nagamasa), married to [Saji Kazunari](/source/Saji_Kazunari), [Toyotomi Hidekatsu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidekatsu), [Tokugawa Hidetada](/source/Tokugawa_Hidetada)

- [Konoe Sakiko](/source/Konoe_Sakiko) (1575–1630), daughter of [Konoe Sakihisa](/source/Konoe_Sakihisa), married to [Emperor Go-Yōzei](/source/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei)

- [Chikurin-in](/source/Chikurin-in) (1579/80–1649), daughter of [Ōtani Yoshitsugu](/source/%C5%8Ctani_Yoshitsugu). She was also known as Akihime and Riyohime. She was married to [Sanada Yukimura](/source/Sanada_Yukimura). They had two sons, Sanada Daisuke and Sanada Daihachi, and some daughters

- [Toyotomi Sadako](/source/Toyotomi_Sadako) (1592–1658), daughter of [Toyotomi Hidekatsu](/source/Toyotomi_Hidekatsu) with [Oeyo](/source/Oeyo), later became the adopted daughter of [Tokugawa Hidetada](/source/Tokugawa_Hidetada) and married to [Kujō Yukiie](/source/Kuj%C5%8D_Yukiie)

- Daizen-in, daughter of [Toyotomi Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga), married to [Mōri Hidemoto](/source/M%C5%8Dri_Hidemoto)

- Kikuhime, daughter of [Toyotomi Hidenaga](/source/Toyotomi_Hidenaga), married to Toyotomi Hideyasu

- Maeda Kikuhime (1578–1584), daughter of [Maeda Toshiie](/source/Maeda_Toshiie)

### Grandchildren

- [Toyotomi Kunimatsu](/source/Toyotomi_Kunimatsu) (1608–1615)

- [Tenshuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshuni&action=edit&redlink=1) ([天秀尼](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A7%80%E5%B0%BC)) (1609–1645)

## Character and policy analysis

Described as a "hitotarashi" (a person with natural charisma or a master charmer), Hideyoshi was skilled at winning people over and mastering human psychology. This resulted in favorable views from both his superiors and his subordinates, and for some opposing warlords to open up to him and agree to surrender after meeting him in person.[70] According to Japanese historian [Watanabe Daimon](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E9%82%8A%E5%A4%A7%E9%96%80), Hideyoshi had a deep inferiority complex which influenced his behavior after he became regent, as he often toyed with or pranked his vassals. This behavior may have stemmed from his humble origin and experiences during Nobunaga's lifetime, such as not being permitted to ride alongside other generals who hailed from samurai class and being required to dismount before bowing.[71]

### Religious policy

In 1587, while trying to establish control in some parts of Kyushu, Hideyoshi encountered Buddhist temples that had been sacked by Catholic forces attempting to forcibly convert the island.[72] In response, he issued the [Bateren Edict](/source/Bateren_Edict)[d] on June 19, 1587, which ordered the expulsion of [Christian](/source/Christianity) [missionaries](/source/Missionary) from Japan. Promulgated during Hideyoshi's campaign to unify Kyushu, the edict was a response to several perceived threats posed by Christianity,[73] to exert greater control over the *[Kirishitan](/source/Kirishitan)* *daimyō*[74] or to prohibit human trafficking.[75] Around that time, at least 50,000 Japanese people were sold overseas as slaves, mainly by Portuguese merchants.[76] This stance was further shown in Hideyoshi's letter sent in 25 July 1590 to [Alessandro Valignano](/source/Alessandro_Valignano), which content are similar the contents of a letter he sent to the ruler of [Joseon](/source/Joseon). In those letters, Hideyoshi expressed his unique religious view that Indian Buddhism, Chinese Confucianism, and Japanese Shinto are fundamentally one unit, while also warned that he would no longer tolerate the propagation of Christianity ("evil religion" in Hideyoshi's letter), and he would no longer allow Christian missionaries to enter the country, albeit he still allowed merchants from Europe (Nanban) to enter and trade.[77]

[The 26 Christian martyrs of Nagasaki](/source/26_Martyrs_of_Japan), 18–19th century, Choir of La Recoleta, [Cuzco](/source/Cuzco)

In January 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had twenty-six Christians arrested as an example to Japanese who wanted to convert to [Christianity](/source/Christianity). They are known as the [Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan](/source/Twenty-six_Martyrs_of_Japan). They included five European [Franciscan](/source/Franciscans) [missionaries](/source/Missionary), one [Mexican Franciscan](/source/Philip_of_Jesus) missionary, three Japanese [Jesuits](/source/Jesuits) and seventeen Japanese [laymen](/source/Laymen) including three young boys. They were tortured, mutilated, and paraded through towns across Japan. On February 5, they were executed in [Nagasaki](/source/Nagasaki) by public [crucifixion](/source/Crucifixion).[78]

## Legacy

A replicated [Osaka Castle](/source/Osaka_Castle) has been created on the site of Hideyoshi's great *[donjon](/source/Donjon).* The iconic castle has become a symbol of [Osaka](/source/Osaka)'s re-emergence as a great city after its devastation in [World War II](/source/World_War_II).

By 18 August 1915 Hideyoshi was given posthumous rank of [Senior First Rank](/source/List_of_Japanese_court_ranks%2C_positions_and_hereditary_titles).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Toyotomi Hideyoshi changed [Japanese society](/source/Japanese_society) in many ways. These include the imposition of a rigid [class](/source/Social_class) structure, restrictions on travel, and surveys of land and production.[79]

[Class reforms](/source/Separation_Edict) affected commoners and warriors. During the [Sengoku period](/source/Sengoku_period), it had become common for peasants to become warriors, or for samurai to farm due to the constant uncertainty caused by the lack of centralised government and always tentative peace. Upon taking control, Hideyoshi decreed that all peasants be disarmed completely.[80] Conversely, he required samurai to leave the land and take up residence in the castle towns.[81][82]

Furthermore, he ordered comprehensive surveys and a [complete census](/source/Population_Census_Edict) of Japan. Once this was done and all citizens were registered, he required all Japanese to stay in their respective *[han](/source/Han_(administrative_division))* (fiefs) unless they obtained official permission to go elsewhere. This ensured order in a period when bandits still roamed the countryside and peace was still new. The land surveys formed the basis for systematic taxation.[83]

In 1590, Hideyoshi completed construction of the [Osaka Castle](/source/Osaka_Castle), the largest and most formidable in all Japan, to guard the western approaches to [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto). In that same year, Hideyoshi banned "unfree labour" or [slavery in Japan](/source/Slavery_in_Japan),[84] but forms of contract and indentured labour persisted alongside the period penal codes' [forced labour](/source/Forced_labour).[85]

Hideyoshi also influenced the material [culture of Japan](/source/Culture_of_Japan). He lavished time and money on the [Japanese tea ceremony](/source/Japanese_tea_ceremony), collecting implements, sponsoring lavish social events, and patronizing acclaimed masters. As interest in the tea ceremony rose among the ruling class, so too did the demand for fine ceramic implements, and during the course of the Korean campaigns, not only were large quantities of prized [ceramic](/source/Ceramic) ware confiscated but many Korean artisans were forcibly relocated to Japan.[86]

Inspired by the dazzling [Golden Pavilion](/source/Kinkaku-ji) in [Kyoto](/source/Kyoto), he had the [Golden Tea Room](/source/Golden_Tea_Room) constructed, which was covered with [gold leaf](/source/Gold_leaf) and lined inside with red gossamer. Using this mobile innovation, he was able to practice the tea ceremony wherever he went, displaying his power and status at all times.[87]

Politically, he set up a governmental system that balanced out the most powerful Japanese warlords (or *daimyō*). A council was created to include the most influential lords. At the same time, a regent was designated to be in command.[88]

Just before his death, Hideyoshi hoped to set up a system stable enough to survive until his son grew old enough to become the next leader.[89]

Ieyasu left in place the majority of Hideyoshi's decrees and built his shogunate upon them. This ensured that Hideyoshi's cultural legacy remained. In a letter to his wife, Hideyoshi wrote:

I mean to do glorious deeds and I am ready for a long siege, with provisions and gold and silver in plenty, so as to return in triumph and leave a great name behind me. I desire you to understand this and to tell it to everybody.[90]

## Names

The [Catholic](/source/Catholic_Church) sources of the time referred to him as *Cuambacondono*[91] (from *kampaku* and the honorific *[-dono](/source/-dono)*) and "emperor *Taicosama*"[91] (from *taikō*, a retired *kampaku* (see [Sesshō and Kampaku](/source/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku)), and the honorific *[-sama](/source/Japanese_titles)*).

## In popular culture

### Films

In the 1949 Mexican hagiographic film *[Philip of Jesus](/source/Philip_of_Jesus)*, [Luis Aceves Castañeda](/source/Luis_Aceves_Casta%C3%B1eda) plays a character corresponding to Hideyoshi but named "Emperor Iroyoshi Taikosama".[92]

In the 2009 Japanese [historical fantasy](/source/Historical_fantasy) film *[Goemon](/source/Goemon_(film))*, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (played by [Eiji Okuda](/source/Eiji_Okuda)) features as the principal antagonist to the film's protagonist, [Ishikawa Goemon](/source/Ishikawa_Goemon). This is based on the tradition that Goemon was executed for his failed attempt to assassinate Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1594,[93] but the film otherwise bears little resemblance to either historical events or the received tradition. In the film, Goemon murders Hideyoshi's stand-in, avoids his execution by boiling (being replaced by an associate), succeeds in murdering Hideyoshi on a later occasion, and survives to intervene in the [Battle of Sekigahara](/source/Battle_of_Sekigahara). Goemon is portrayed as the faithful retainer and avenger of [Oda Nobunaga](/source/Oda_Nobunaga), unhistorically depicted as the victim of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. All of this is counter to historical facts; tradition credits Goemon with serving Nobunaga's enemies the [Miyoshi clan](/source/Miyoshi_clan) and his murderer, [Akechi Mitsuhide](/source/Akechi_Mitsuhide), as well as with failed murder attempts on both Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[94]

Hideyoshi is portrayed by actor/director [Takeshi Kitano](/source/Takeshi_Kitano) in his 2023 film *[Kubi](/source/Kubi_(film))*.

### Anime

In the anime series *[Great Pretender](/source/Great_Pretender_(TV_series))* (2020), Hideyoshi is referenced many times by Laurent Thierry, one of the central protagonists of the series.[95]

### Documentary

In the [Netflix](/source/Netflix) documentary series *[Age of Samurai: Battle for Japan](/source/Age_of_Samurai%3A_Battle_for_Japan)* (2021), Hideyoshi is portrayed by Masami Kosaka. The show depicts his life and rise to power.[96]

### Television

Actor [Naoto Takenaka](/source/Naoto_Takenaka) portrays Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the 1996 NHK drama *[Hideyoshi](/source/Hideyoshi_(TV_series))*, which shows his life from his time under Oda Nobunaga to his rise as a leader himself who helped to unify Japan. It earned an average TV rating of 30.5% running from January 7 – December 22, 1996. He would reprise this role again in [Nioh 2](/source/Nioh_2). Additionally, actor [Yukijirō Hotaru](/source/Yukijir%C5%8D_Hotaru) plays The Taikō (Nakamura Hidetoshi), a character based on Toyotomi Hideyoshi, in the 2024 miniseries *[Shōgun](/source/Sh%C5%8Dgun_(2024_miniseries))*.[97]

### Video Games

Toyotomi Hideyoshi is an NPC and playable character in [Koei Tecmo](/source/Koei_Tecmo)'s *[Samurai Warriors](/source/Samurai_Warriors)* series and *[Nobunaga's Ambition](/source/Nobunaga's_Ambition_(video_game))* series. Both of these games follow historical events of the late Sengoku Period.

## See also

- [Japan portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Japan)
- [History portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History)
- [Biography portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography)

- [Itsukushima's Senjokaku Hall](/source/Itsukushima#Senjokaku_(Toyokuni_Shrine))

- [Sorori Shinzaemon](/source/Sorori_Shinzaemon)

- [Dom Justo Takayama](/source/Dom_Justo_Takayama)

- [Bateren Edict](/source/Bateren_Edict)

- [Imjin War](/source/Imjin_War)

- [Endoji Shopping Arcade Statues](/source/Endoji_Shopping_Arcade_Statues)

## Appendix

### Footnotes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** The name "Tenshō-Jingo War" was coined by Tashiro Takashi in 1980.[19][20]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Ieyasu's position and actions here are not those of an independent feudal lord, but as a feudal lord under the Oda regime, with the aim of defeating the Hojo clan[23]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** This story of Yasumasa insulting Hideyoshi was first appeared in a work of [Arai Hakuseki](/source/Arai_Hakuseki). Historian Watanabe Daimon stated that it is difficult to confirm the veracity of this story.[36]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-76)** *Bateren* is derived from the Latin *patrem*, which means *father* in the accusative case, or the Portuguese word *padre*

### References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (May 24, 2016). NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Sanseidō_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Sanseidō_2-1) [Kindaichi, Haruhiko](/source/Haruhiko_Kindaichi); Akinaga, Kazue, eds. (March 10, 2025). 新明解日本語アクセント辞典 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). [Sanseidō](/source/Sanseid%C5%8D).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "*Ōmi*" in [Japan Encyclopedia*, pp. 993–994*](https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA993), p. 993, at [Google Books](/source/Google_Books)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Holmes_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Holmes_4-1) Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Course of History, Viking Press 1988. p. 68.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [豊臣秀吉はなぜ「征夷大将軍」ではなく「関白」になったのか――秀吉をめぐる「三つのなぜ」](https://web.archive.org/web/20240229075803/https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/202017?page=3) (in Japanese). [The Asahi Shimbun](/source/The_Asahi_Shimbun). September 24, 2023. Archived from [the original](https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/202017?page=3) on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [秀吉はなぜ征夷大将軍ではなく、関白を選んだか](https://web.archive.org/web/20230905041529/https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/opinion/16/122600033/010800002/) (in Japanese). Nikkei Business. January 14, 2017. Archived from [the original](https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/opinion/16/122600033/010800002/) on September 5, 2023. Retrieved February 29, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Berry 1982, p. 8](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA8)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TH_8-0)** Turnbull, Stephen (2010). [*Toyotomi Hideyoshi*](https://archive.org/details/toyotomihideyosh00turn). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. [6](https://archive.org/details/toyotomihideyosh00turn/page/n7). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-84603-960-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-960-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [渡邊大門](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E9%82%8A%E5%A4%A7%E9%96%80) (Watanabe Daimon) (July 16, 2025). ["豊臣秀吉の父は貧農ではなく、名主クラスの富農だったのだろうか？"](https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/f3fc19a62a1266c4c3dc2b3f358b55ea099f01fc) [Was Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Father Not a Poor Farmer, But a Village Head-Class Wealthy Farmer?]. *Yahoo! News* (in Japanese). Retrieved November 16, 2025.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-sam_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-sam_10-1) Turnbull, Stephen R. (1977). *The Samurai: A Military History*. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. p. 142.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Samurai Archives: [Toyotomi Hideyoshi](http://www.samurai-archives.com/hideyoshi.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101224231135/http://www.samurai-archives.com/hideyoshi.html) December 24, 2010, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Berry38_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Berry38_12-1) [Berry 1982, p. 38](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA38)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Berry179_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Berry179_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Berry179_13-2) [Berry 1982, p. 179](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA179)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Sansom2_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Sansom2_14-1) Sansom, George (1961). *A History of Japan, 1334–1615*. Stanford University Press. p. 278. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8047-0525-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0525-7). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Turnbull_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Turnbull_15-1) Turnbull, Stephen (1998). *The Samurai Sourcebook*. London: Cassell & Co. p. 241. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781854095237](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854095237).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Berry 1982, p. 54](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA54)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cassell_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cassell_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Cassell_17-2) Turnbull, Stephen (2000). *The Samurai Sourcebook*. London: Cassell & Co. pp. 87, 223–224, 228, 230–232. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-85409-523-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-523-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Steve_18-0)** Turnbull, Stephen (1977). *The Samurai*. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 156–160. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-02-620540-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-620540-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (1982). [*日本城郭史研究叢書 第8巻 大坂城の諸研究*](https://www.kosho.or.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=445990645) [*Japanese Castle History Research Series Vol. 8 Various Studies on Osaka Castle*] (in Japanese). 名著出版. pp. 412–413. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [4404010362](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/4404010362). Retrieved June 6, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (1982](#CITEREFOkamoto_Ryoichi_(岡本亮一)1982), pp. 41–42)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Tensho_Jingo_war_22-0)** Masaru Hirayama (2016). ["天正壬午の乱【増補改訂版】─本能寺の変と東国戦国史"](https://sengokumap.net/history/1582-4/) [Tensho Migo Rebellion [revised and enlarged edition] - Honnoji Incident and the history of the Sengoku period in the Togoku region] (in Japanese). Ebisukosyo. Retrieved May 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHirayama201582,_124,_126_23-0)** [Hirayama 2015](#CITEREFHirayama2015), pp. 82, 124, 126.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Miyagawa Nobuo (2012). ["天正期北関東政治史の一齣 : 徳川・羽柴両氏との関係を中心に"](http://repo.komazawa-u.ac.jp/opac/repository/all/32738/) [A Scene in the Political History of Northern Kanto during the Tensho Period: Focusing on the Relationship with the Tokugawa and Hashiba Clan]. *駒沢史学* (78). 駒沢史学会: 19–37. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0450-6928](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0450-6928).(Addendum: Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋), 2011, page 4)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Masaru Hirayama (2016). [*真田信之 : 父の知略に勝った決断力*](https://www.book61.co.jp/book.php/N74723) (in Japanese). PHP研究所. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9784569830438](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784569830438). Retrieved May 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Aida Nirō (1976). [*日本古文書学の諸問題*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SrANAQAAMAAJ) (in Japanese). 名著出版. Retrieved May 15, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** 千葉琢穂 (1989). [*藤原氏族系図 6*](https://www.kosho.or.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=3188838) [*Fujiwara clan genealogy 6*]. 展望社. p. 227. Retrieved May 15, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** [Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋) (2015](#CITEREFKazuhiro_Marushima_(丸島和洋)2015), pp. 33–52)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** [Berry 1982, p. 64](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA64)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Turnbull, Stephen (2006). *Osaka 1615: The Last Battle of the Samurai*. London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Berry_1982,_p._74_32-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Berry_1982,_p._74_32-1) [Berry 1982, p. 74](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA74)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** [Berry 1982, p. 78](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA78)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Shogun : the life of Tokugawa Ieyasu, A.L Sadler

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-earthquakekomaki_35-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-earthquakekomaki_35-1) ["この地震がなければ、家康が2カ月後に秀吉の大軍から総攻撃を受けるはずだった"](https://bizgate.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO2841587022032018000000) (in Japanese). Nikkei Inc. September 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2025.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-The_Maker_of_Modern_Japan_The_Life_of_Tokugawa_Ieyasu;_Yasumasa_proclamation_36-0)** [Arthur Lindsay Sadler](/source/Arthur_Lindsay_Sadler) (2014). [*The Maker of Modern Japan The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oftisLbVFwgC). Taylor & Francis. pp. 123–124. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781136924705](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136924705). Retrieved May 9, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-江戸幕府の功労者たちはどんな人生を送ったのか？_37-0)** *江戸幕府の功労者たちはどんな人生を送ったのか？ 徳川四天王* (in Japanese). 英和出版社. 2014. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-4865450507](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4865450507).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Watanabe Daimon (2023). ["豊臣秀吉も高く評価した榊原康政とは、いったい何者なのだろうか"](https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/477044bca2d2b9cc5dd8b4e7dc09a22c181933d8). *yahoo.co.jp/expert* (in Japanese). Retrieved June 2, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** [Berry 1982, pp. 168–181](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA168)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** [Berry 1982, pp. 184–186](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA184)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Kondō"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100111060042/http://www.horyuji.or.jp/kondo.htm) (in Japanese). [Hōryū-ji](/source/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji). Archived from [the original](http://www.horyuji.or.jp/kondo.htm) on January 11, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** [五重塔](https://web.archive.org/web/20100111080456/http://www.horyuji.or.jp/gojyunoto.htm) (in Japanese). [Hōryū-ji](/source/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji). Archived from [the original](http://www.horyuji.or.jp/gojyunoto.htm) on January 11, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** [Berry 1982, pp. 85–86](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA85)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** [Berry 1982, p. 83](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA83)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TurnbullShikoku_46-0)** Turnbull, Stephen (1998). *The Samurai Sourcebook*. London: Cassell & Co. p. 236. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781854095237](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854095237).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** [Berry 1982, p. 84](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA84)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** [Berry 1982, pp. 87–93](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA87)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TurnbullKagoshima_49-0)** Turnbull, Stephen (1998). *The Samurai Sourcebook*. London: Cassell & Co. p. 240. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781854095237](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854095237).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** [Berry 1982, pp. 102–106](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA102)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_51-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_51-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_51-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_51-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_51-4) Hall, John Whitney (1991). *The Cambridge history of Japan*. Cambridge New York [etc]: Cambridge university press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-22355-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22355-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SwordHunt_52-0)** John Whitney Hall, ed. (1988–1999). *The Cambridge history of Japan*. Vol. 4. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 49–50. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-521-22352-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22352-0). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [17483588](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17483588).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** Lu, David J. (2001) [1588]. ["Collection of Swords"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240625194254/http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/tokugawa_edicts_swords.pdf) (PDF). *Asia for Educators*. Archived from [the original](http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/tokugawa_edicts_swords.pdf) (PDF) on June 25, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** [Berry 1982, pp. 93–96](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA93)

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-78)** [Berry 1982, pp. 91–93](https://books.google.com/books?id=HQTbDphPKmoC&pg=PA91)

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-81)** [Tsuji Zennosuke](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BB%E5%96%84%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%A9) "豊臣秀吉による支那朝鮮征伐の原因". [*海外交通史話*](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1918140/213) [*"National Diet Library Digital Collection: The Causes of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Conquest of China and Korea", Overseas Transportation History*]. 内外書籍. 1942.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-86)** Jansen, pp. 21–22.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-93)** [豊臣秀吉の遺言状](http://www.imfine.cc/hideyoshi.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080919154653/http://www.imfine.cc/Hideyoshi.htm) September 19, 2008, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Taicosama_95-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Taicosama_95-1) Trujillo Dennis, Ana (2013). "I.a. Rutas, viaje y encuentros entre Japón y España". *Lacas namban: Huellas de Japón en España: IV centenario de la embajada Keichô* (in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. p. 46. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-84-616-4625-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-616-4625-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-96)** Riera, Emilio García (1986). [*Julio Bracho, 1909–1978*](https://books.google.com/books?id=rNwuAAAAYAAJ&q=Felipe+de+Jesús+Iroyoshi+Taikosama) (in Spanish). Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro de Investigaciones y Enseñanza Cinematográficas. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-968-895-040-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-968-895-040-1). Retrieved June 17, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-97)** H. L. Joly, *Legend in Japanese Art*, London, 1908: 101–102.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-98)** S. A. Thornton, *The Japanese Period Film: A Critical Analysis*, Jefferson, NC, 2008, 96–97.

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### Bibliography

- Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋) (2015). ["北条・徳川間外交の意思伝達構造"](https://doi.org/10.24619/00001469) [The structure of communication in diplomacy between the Hojo and Tokugawa]. *国文学研究資料館紀要*. **11** (11). 国文学研究資料館. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.24619/00001469](https://doi.org/10.24619%2F00001469). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1880-2249](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1880-2249).

- Berry, Mary Elizabeth. (1982). *Hideyoshi.* Cambridge: Harvard UP, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0674390256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674390256); [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [8195691](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8195691)

- Haboush, JaHyun Kim. (2016) *The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation* (2016) [excerpt](https://www.amazon.com/Great-Asian-Birth-Korean-Nation/dp/0231172281/)

- Hirayama, Yū (2015). *天正壬午の乱* [*Tensho-Jingo war*] (増補改訂版 ed.). 戎光祥出版. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-4-86403-170-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-86403-170-7).

- [Jansen, Marius B.](/source/Marius_Jansen) (2000). *The Making of Modern Japan.* Cambridge: Harvard UP. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0674003347](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674003347); [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [44090600](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44090600)

- Joly, H. L., *Legend in Japanese Art*, London, 1908.

- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [*Japan encyclopedia.*](https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC) Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-674-01753-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5); [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [58053128](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128)

- Thornton, S. A., *The Japanese Period Film: A Critical Analysis*, Jefferson, NC, 2008.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Toyotomi Hideyoshi](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi).

- [*Hideyoshi (1996) TV-Series*](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0115201/) at [IMDb](/source/IMDb_(identifier))

- [The Christian Century in Japan, by Charles Boxer](https://archive.org/details/THECHRISTIANCENTURYINJAPAN15491650CRBOXER)

Regnal titles Preceded by Konoe Sakihisa Kampaku 1585–1591 Succeeded by Toyotomi Hidetsugu Government offices Preceded by Fujiwara no Sakihisa Daijō Daijin 1585–1591 Succeeded by Tokugawa Ieyasu

v t e Prominent people of the Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods Emperor Go-Kashiwabara Go-Nara Ōgimachi Go-Yōzei Three major daimyō Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiharu Ashikaga Yoshiteru Ashikaga Yoshihide Ashikaga Yoshiaki Tokugawa Hidetada Other daimyō Amago Tsunehisa Amago Haruhisa Asakura Yoshikage Ashina Moriuji Akechi Mitsuhide Azai Nagamasa Chōsokabe Motochika Date Terumune Date Masamune Hatakeyama Yoshitaka Honda Tadakatsu Hōjō Sōun Hōjō Ujimasa Hōjō Ujiyasu Ii Naomasa Imagawa Yoshimoto Imagawa Ujizane Isshiki Yoshimichi Itō Yoshisuke Kitabatake Tomonori Kuroda Nagamasa Matsunaga Hisahide Miyoshi Nagayoshi Mogami Yoshiaki Mōri Motonari Ōuchi Yoshitaka Ōuchi Yoshinaga Ōtomo Sōrin Rokkaku Yoshikata Ryūzōji Takanobu Saitō Dōsan Saitō Yoshitatsu Sakai Tadatsugu Sakakibara Yasumasa Satomi Yoshitaka Sanada Yukitaka Sanada Masayuki Sanada Nobuyuki Satake Yoshishige Sagara Yoshihi Shimazu Yoshihisa Shimazu Yoshihiro Tachibana Dōsetsu Takeda Nobutora Takeda Shingen Tōdō Takatora Uesugi Kagekatsu Uesugi Kenshin Uesugi Norimasa Ukita Naoie Uragami Munekage Yamana Toyokuni Yamana Suketoyo Swordsmen Marume Nagayoshi Hikita Bungorō Kamiizumi Nobutsuna Miyamoto Musashi Mizuno Katsushige Sasaki Kojirō Tadashima Akiyama Tsukahara Bokuden Tsutsumi Hōzan Yagyū Munenori Yagyū Munetoshi Shinmen Munisai Itō Ittōsai Advisers and strategists Kobayakawa Takakage Kuroda Yoshitaka Naoe Kanetsugu Takenaka Shigeharu Usami Sadamitsu Yamamoto Kansuke Ninja, rogues and mercenaries Mochizuki Chiyome Fūma Kotarō Hatsume no Tsubone Hattori Hanzō Ishikawa Goemon Katō Danzō Kirigakure Shikaemon Kōzuki Sasuke Nakamura Chōbei Ohama Kagetaka Sugitani Zenjūbō Saika Magoichi Suzuki Sadayu Suzuki Shigehide Suzuki Shigetomo Suzuki Magoroku Igasaki Dōshun Umemura Sawano Monks and other religious figures Ankokuji Ekei Hongan-ji Kennyo Hon'inbō Sansa Ishin Sūden Jion Koji Kashin Nankōbō Tenkai Rennyo Sessai Chōrō Shimozuma Chūkō Shimotsuma Rairen Shimozuma Rairyū Takuan Sōhō Female castellans Ashikaga Ujihime Chacha Miyohime Munakata Saikaku Ii Naotora Nene Onamihime Otazu no Kata Otsuya no Kata Seishin-ni Tachibana Ginchiyo Female warriors Akai Teruko Fujishiro Gozen Ichikawa no Tsubone Ikeda Sen Kaihime Kamehime Katakura Kita Katō Tsune Komatsuhime Kushihashi Teru Maeda Matsu Myōki Myōrin Numata Jakō Ōhōri Tsuruhime Okaji no Kata Okyō no Kata Omasa Oni Gozen Shigashi Shirai no Tsubone Ueno Tsuruhime Yuki no Kata Other women Lady Acha Akohime Asahihime Lady Chaa Chikurin-in Gōhime Lady Goryū Dota Gozen Gotokuhime Tsumaki Hiroko Lady Hayakawa Hosokawa Gracia Irohahime Izumo no Okuni Jukei-ni Shimazu Kameju Lady Kasuga Keigin-ni Kitsuno Konoe Sakiko Kōzōsu Kyōgoku Maria Kyōgoku Tatsuko Kyōun'in Matsuhime Megohime Lady Myōkyū Naitō Julia Lady Nata Nōhime Odai no Kata Oeyo Oichi Oinu Ohatsu Lady Ōkurakyo Ōmandokoro Ono Otsū Rikei Lady Saigō Lady Sanjō Seien-in Seikōin Senhime Sentōin Tobai-in Toyotomi Sadako Tomo Lady Toida Tokuhime Tōshōin Lady Tsukiyama Yamauchi Chiyo Yoshihime Yoshihiro Kikuhime Foreign people in Japan Alessandro Valignano Francis Xavier Gaspar Coelho Jacob Quaeckernaeck Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn Julia Ota Luís Fróis Soga Seikan Wakita Naokata Wang Zhi William Adams Yasuke See also List of samurai from the Sengoku period

v t e Kampaku Heian period Fujiwara no Mototsune Fujiwara no Tadahira Fujiwara no Saneyori Fujiwara no Kanemichi Fujiwara no Yoritada Fujiwara no Kaneie Fujiwara no Michitaka Fujiwara no Michikane Fujiwara no Yorimichi Fujiwara no Norimichi Fujiwara no Morozane Fujiwara no Moromichi Fujiwara no Tadazane Fujiwara no Tadamichi Konoe Motozane Fujiwara no Motofusa Konoe Motomichi Kamakura period Kujō Kanezane Konoe Motomichi Konoe Iezane Kujō Michiie Konoe Kanetsune Nijō Yoshizane Ichijō Sanetsune Takatsukasa Kanehira Nijō Yoshizane Ichijō Sanetsune Konoe Motohira Takatsukasa Mototada Kujō Tadaie Takatsukasa Kanehira Nijō Morotada Konoe Iemoto Kujō Tadanori Konoe Iemoto Takatsukasa Kanetada Nijō Kanemoto Kujō Moronori Takatsukasa Fuyuhira Konoe Iehira Nijō Michihira Ichijō Uchitsune Kujō Fusazane Konoe Tsunetada Takatsukasa Fuyunori Nanboku-chō period Southern Court Nijō Moromoto Konoe Tsuneie Nijō Norimoto Nijō Noriyori Nijō Fuyuzane Konoe-tono (name unknown) Northern Court Konoe Tsunetada Konoe Mototsugu Ichijō Tsunemichi Kujō Michinori Takatsukasa Morohira Nijō Yoshimoto Kujō Tsunenori Konoe Michitsugu Nijō Yoshimoto Takatsukasa Fuyumichi Nijō Moroyoshi Kujō Tadamoto Nijō Morotsugu Nijō Yoshimoto Nijō Morotsugu Muromachi period Ichijō Tsunetsugu Nijō Morotsugu Konoe Tadatsugu Nijō Mitsumoto Kujō Mitsuie Nijō Mochimoto Konoe Fusatsugu Ichijō Kaneyoshi Takatsukasa Fusahira Nijō Mochimichi Ichijō Norifusa Nijō Masatsugu Kujō Masamoto Konoe Masaie Takatsukasa Masahira Kujō Masatada Ichijō Fuyuyoshi Konoe Hisamichi Sengoku period Nijō Hisamoto Ichijō Fuyuyoshi Kujō Hisatsune Konoe Hisamichi Takatsukasa Kanesuke Nijō Korefusa Konoe Taneie Kujō Tanemichi Takatsukasa Tadafuyu Ichijō Fusamichi Nijō Haruyoshi Ichijō Kanefuyu Konoe Sakihisa Azuchi–Momoyama period Nijō Haruyoshi Kujō Kanetaka Ichijō Uchimoto Nijō Akizane Toyotomi Hideyoshi Toyotomi Hidetsugu Edo period Kujō Kanetaka Konoe Nobutada Takatsukasa Nobufusa Kujō Yukiie Takatsukasa Nobuhisa Nijō Akizane Kujō Yukiie Konoe Nobuhiro Ichijō Akiyoshi Konoe Hisatsugu Nijō Mitsuhira Takatsukasa Fusasuke Ichijō Kaneteru Konoe Motohiro Takatsukasa Kanehiro Konoe Iehiro Kujō Sukezane Nijō Tsunahira Konoe Iehisa Nijō Yoshitada Ichijō Kaneka Ichijō Michika Konoe Uchisaki Kujō Naozane Takatsukasa Sukehira Ichijō Teruyoshi Takatsukasa Masahiro Ichijō Tadayoshi Takatsukasa Masamichi Kujō Hisatada Konoe Tadahiro Takatsukasa Sukehiro Nijō Nariyuki

v t e Daijō-daijin Hakuhō period Prince Ōtomo Prince Takechi Prince Osakabe Prince Hozumi Nara period Prince Toneri Prince Suzuka Emi no Oshikatsu Yuge no Dōkyō Heian period Fujiwara no Yoshifusa Fujiwara no Mototsune Fujiwara no Tadahira Fujiwara no Saneyori Fujiwara no Koretada Fujiwara no Kanemichi Fujiwara no Yoritada Fujiwara no Kaneie Fujiwara no Tamemitsu Fujiwara no Michinaga Fujiwara no Kinsue Fujiwara no Yorimichi Fujiwara no Norimichi Fujiwara no Nobunaga Fujiwara no Morozane Fujiwara no Tadazane Minamoto no Masazane Fujiwara no Tadamichi Sanjō Saneyuki Fujiwara no Munesuke Fujiwara no Koremichi Taira no Kiyomori Fujiwara no Tadamasa Matsudono Motofusa Fujiwara no Moronaga Kamakura period Kujō Kanezane Fujiwara no Kanefusa Fujiwara no Yorizane Kujō Yoshitsune Fujiwara no Yorizane Sanjō Kinfusa Kujō Michiie? Sanjō Kinfusa Konoe Iezane Saionji Kintsune Kujō Yoshihira Konoe Kanetsune Saionji Saneuji Koga Michimitsu Takatsukasa Kanehira Tokudaiji Sanemoto Saionji Kinsuke Kazan'in Michimasa Takatsukasa Kanehira Takatsukasa Mototada Horikawa Mototomo Saionji Sanekane Tōin Kinmori Nijō Kanemoto Tsuchimikado Sadazane Tokudaiji Kintak Ichijō Saneie Ōimikado Nobutsugu Takatsukasa Fuyuhira Sanjō Saneshige Koga Michio Takatsukasa Fuyuhira Imadegawa Kanesue Nanboku-chō period Southern Court Koga Nagamichi Tōin Kinkata Saionji Kinshige Northern Court Koga Nagamichi Tōin Kinkata Koga Michisuke Nijō Yoshimoto Muromachi period Tokudaiji Sanetoki Ashikaga Yoshimitsu Koga Tomomichi Sanjō Sanefuyu Tokudaiji Kintoshi Nijō Mochimoto Ichijō Kaneyoshi Koga Kiyomichi Saionji Kinna Nijō Mochimichi Konoe Fusatsugu Koga Michihiro Takatsukasa Masahira Konoe Masaie Sengoku period Ichijō Fuyuyoshi Tokudaiji Saneatsu Konoe Hisamichi Kazan'in Masanaga Sanjō Saneka Konoe Taneie Takatsukasa Tadafuyu? Ichijō Fusamichi? Nijō Haruyoshi? Azuchi–Momoyama period Nijō Haruyoshi? Oda Nobunaga? Konoe Sakihisa Toyotomi Hideyoshi Edo period Tokugawa Ieyasu1 Tokugawa Hidetada1 Konoe Motohiro Konoe Iehiro Konoe Iehisa Ichijō Kaneka Konoe Uchisaki Kujō Naozane Tokugawa Ienari1 Takatsukasa Masamichi Meiji period Sanjō Sanetomi 1: official court titles for samurai (buke-kan'i).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Toyotomi Hideyoshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.