# Tout-Paris > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tout-Paris > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tout-Paris.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tout-Paris > Source revision: 1330339633 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{italictitle}} {{Short description|French expression referring to the Parisian elite}} {{Verification|date=July 2022}} [[File:Edouard Manet 052.jpg|thumb|300px|During the 19th-century ''[Belle Époque](/source/Belle_%C3%89poque)'' (beautiful era), ''le Tout-Paris'' often attended horse races as fashionable entertainment at Paris' [Bois de Boulogne](/source/Bois_de_Boulogne) park. ([Édouard Manet](/source/%C3%89douard_Manet), ''Courses au Bois de Boulogne'', 1872)]] {{Lang|fr|Le '''Tout-Paris'''}} ({{literal translation|All-Paris|lk=yes}}) is a French expression referring to the stylish and affluent elite of [Paris](/source/Paris), who frequent fashionable events and places, and establish trends in upper-class culture. It is equivalent to [high society](/source/high_society) or the [jet set](/source/jet_set) elsewhere. == History == [[File:A photo of fashion journalist Marie-Jacques Perrier at the Plaza Athénée hotel in 1962..jpg|thumb|300px|A dinner for fashion designer [Charles Jourdan](/source/Charles_Jourdan) at the trendy [Plaza Athénée](/source/Plaza_Ath%C3%A9n%C3%A9e) hotel in Paris, 1962.]] [[File:Bardot Brigitte et Sami Frey.jpg|thumb|The popular understanding of fashionable ''Tout-Paris'' has grown to include celebrities such as actress [Brigitte Bardot](/source/Brigitte_Bardot), here in [Saint-Tropez](/source/Saint-Tropez) on the [French Riviera](/source/French_Riviera), 1963.]] The expression ''tout-Paris'' was used in the 17th century to refer to [high society](/source/high_society) among the aristocratic inhabitants of the city of Paris. It was used in 1660 by [Nicolas Boileau](/source/Nicolas_Boileau) in his ''Satires'' to refer to the influential members of Parisian society who made [Pierre Corneille](/source/Pierre_Corneille)'s play ''[El Cid](/source/El_Cid)'' popular, in the famous sentence, "In vain, a minister sought support against El Cid—Tout Paris supported Chimene in love with Rodrigue".Boileau, ''Satire IX'' [s: Satire IX (Boileau)](/source/s%3A_Satire_IX_(Boileau)) at [Wikisource](/source/Wikisource) Boileau also used the expression in ''Chant III'': "Where tout Paris as a crowd bears its sufferings".{{cite book|last=Pocock|first=Gordon|title=Boileau and the Nature of Neoclassicism|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521136754|pages=101}} [Voltaire](/source/Voltaire) and [Jean le Rond D'Alembert](/source/Jean_le_Rond_D'Alembert) also used the expression in their correspondence. The current use of the expression ''Tout-Paris'' dates from the [Belle Époque](/source/Belle_%C3%89poque) era of 19th-century Paris. Historian Anne Martin-Fugier dates it to the beginning of the 19th century, when in the aftermath of the [French Revolution](/source/French_Revolution) and the rise of [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon), when the non-aristocratic elites of the city began playing a role at the top of the city's affluent culture, forming a new social class.Anne Martin-Fugier, ''La vie élégante ou la formation du Tout-Paris, 1815–1848'', Fayard, 1990 A group made up of writers, politicians, bankers and prominent artists, this community lived in fashionable neighbourhoods, went to the theatre, and attended receptions at embassies. It also embodied a certain idea of Parisians' "good taste" (''bon goût''), setting trends with its pastimes, such as horse racing and holidays at the seaside. The activities of ''Tout-Paris'' were noted in the mass media. An article in ''[Le Gaulois](/source/Le_Gaulois)'', from August 24, 1895, titled "Mondanités: Paris hors Paris" (Worldly events: Paris outside of Paris), noted that composer [Camille Saint-Saëns](/source/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns) arrived at the coastal resort of [Dieppe](/source/Dieppe_(Seine-Maritime)) and gave a detailed list of other noteworthy social figures also present in the town: "It is tout Paris, that can be seen: Count and Countess [Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord](/source/Louis_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord), M. Josselin de Rohan, Mme [Madeleine Lemaire](/source/Madeleine_Lemaire), M. [Marcel Proust](/source/Marcel_Proust) et M. [Reynaldo Hahn](/source/Reynaldo_Hahn), who are the hosts of the eminent artist." Evoking the year 1841, poet [Charles Baudelaire](/source/Charles_Baudelaire) saw in ''Tout-Paris'' above all the passionate followers of literature and poetry: "During this time, tout Paris was made up of this elite group given the role of fashioning others' opinions, and who, when a poet is born, are always the first to be notified."Charles Baudelaire, ''L'Art romantique'' (posthume), 1869 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k101426n Online edition in French at Gallica] During the [Belle Époque](/source/Belle_%C3%89poque), ''Tout-Paris'' became a sort of club with its own rules. In 1901 the ''Annuaire du Tout Paris'' (Tout Paris Annual) appeared, counting writer [Marcel Proust](/source/Marcel_Proust) among its readers. Upon its creation in 1903, the ''Bottin mondain'' ([fr](/source/%3Afr%3ABottin_mondain)) directory of high society in fact presented only a list of Parisian personalities. ''Le Tout-Paris'' was associated with particular fashionable places in the city, such as the restaurant [Maxim's](/source/Maxim's_Paris), the large urban forest [Bois de Boulogne](/source/Bois_de_Boulogne), [Deauville](/source/Deauville), and so on, defining trends, giving an artist or writer their blessing, making or unmaking the reputation of a politician. Beginning in the 1950s, ''Tout-Paris'' became increasingly associated with personalities connected with certain trendy nightclubs, such as [Régine](/source/R%C3%A9gine), creating notable discos where celebrities could be seen, among them [Françoise Sagan](/source/Fran%C3%A7oise_Sagan), [Jean-Claude Brialy](/source/Jean-Claude_Brialy), [Jacques Chazot](/source/Jacques_Chazot), [Françoise Giroud](/source/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud), [Yves Saint-Laurent](/source/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)), and so on. == Tout-Paris today == Today, the expression is sometimes used to refer to subgroups of Paris culture's elite (the "literary tout-Paris", the "political tout-Paris", and so on), somewhat losing its original meaning, now referring to a broader group of arts personalities, athletes, media figures, or politicians covered in the [popular media](/source/popular_media). Their attendance is covered at events such as concerts, galas, premiers, art gallery [vernissage](/source/vernissage)s and nightclubs in the capitol. With global travel and fashion, it is often used interchangeably with the global [jet set](/source/jet_set) of trendsetters. The rise of the tabloid press in the 20th century, and the blending of entertainment and current events news in publications such as [Paris Match](/source/Paris_Match), has added to this public perception of Parisian celebrity. ==See also== {{Portal|France|Fashion|Society}} *[Belle Époque](/source/Belle_%C3%89poque) *[Culture of Paris](/source/Culture_of_Paris) *[Fame in the 20th Century](/source/Fame_in_the_20th_Century) *[Paris Match](/source/Paris_Match) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== * [Françoise Giroud](/source/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud), ''Françoise Giroud vous présente le Tout-Paris'', Gallimard, 1952 Category:Social class in France Category:Culture of France Category:Culture of Paris Category:Celebrity Category:Upper class culture in Europe --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tout-Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tout-Paris) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tout-Paris?action=history)). 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