# Tiphobia

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{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Tiphobia_horei_01.JPG
| image_caption = Five views of a shell of ''Tiphobia horei''
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Ngereza, C. |date=2010 |title=''Tiphobia horei'' |volume=2010 |article-number=e.T21914A9340138 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21914A9340138.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Tiphobia
| parent_authority = [E. A. Smith](/source/Edgar_Albert_Smith), 1880<ref>Smith E. A. (1880). "On the shells of Lake Tanganyika and of the neighbourhood of Ujiji, central Africa". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' '''1880''': [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/344/mode/2up 344]-352. [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/348/mode/2up page 348], [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/352/mode/2up Plate 31], figure 6-6b.</ref>
| species = horei
| authority = [E. A. Smith](/source/Edgar_Albert_Smith), 1880<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals">Smith E. A. (1880). "Diagnoses of new shells from Lake Tanganyika and East Africa". ''[Annals and Magazine of Natural History](/source/Annals_and_Magazine_of_Natural_History)'' (5)'''6''': [https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof561880lond#page/424/mode/2up 425]-430. [https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof561880lond#page/426/mode/2up page 427].</ref>
| synonyms = ''Melania horei'' E. A. Smith, 1880<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals"/>
}}

'''''Tiphobia horei''''' is a species of [freshwater snail](/source/freshwater_snail) with an [operculum](/source/operculum_(gastropod)), an aquatic [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusc](/source/mollusc) in the family [Paludomidae](/source/Paludomidae).

''Tiphobia horei'' is the only species in the genus '''''Tiphobia'''''.<ref name="Brown 1994">Brown D. S. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance'', pp. 150–151. [Taylor & Francis](/source/Taylor_%26_Francis). {{ISBN|0-7484-0026-5}}.</ref> ''Tiphobia'' is the [type genus](/source/type_genus) of the tribe [Tiphobiini](/source/Tiphobiini).<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>

The specific name ''horei'' is in honor of Reverend [Edward Coode Hore](/source/Edward_Coode_Hore) (1848-1912) from the UK.<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals"/>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Tiphobia horei'' is [endemic](/source/endemic) to [Lake Tanganyika](/source/Lake_Tanganyika).<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> It is found in [Burundi](/source/Burundi), the [Democratic Republic of the Congo](/source/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo), [Tanzania](/source/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Tanzania), and [Zambia](/source/Zambia).<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> The [type locality](/source/type_locality_(biology)) is Lake Tanganyika at [Ujiji](/source/Ujiji).<ref name="Brown 1994"/>

It is typically found on muddy bottoms and often near river mouths. It ranges from the shoreline to a depth of about {{convert|150|m|ft|abbr=on}} but tends to be more common in deeper waters.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name="Brown 1994"/>

==Description==
''Tiphobia horei'' has a large [shell](/source/gastropod_shell) with spines, so it is easily to determine.<ref name="Brown 1994"/>

The width of the shell typically is {{convert|26|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="Brown 1994"/> and the height typically is {{convert|36|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="Brown 1994"/> but the latter can reach up to about {{convert|52|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Strong2007>{{cite journal| author1=Strong, E.E. | author2=Glaubrecht, M. | year=2007 | title=The morphology and independent origin of ovoviviparity in Tiphobia and Lavigeria (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea: Paludomidae) from Lake Tanganyika | journal=Organisms, Diversity & Evolution | volume=7 | issue=2 | pages=81–105 | doi=10.1016/j.ode.2006.02.003 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2007ODivE...7...81S }}</ref>

''Tiphobia horei'' is [ovoviviparous](/source/ovoviviparous), there are typically almost 500 [embryo](/source/embryo)s per time and upon being "born" each young is up to about {{convert|1.5|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} long.<ref name=Strong2007/> This snail feeds on [detritus](/source/detritus).<ref name=PalaciosFest2005>{{cite journal| author1=Palacios-Fest, M.R. | author2=S.R. Alin | author3=A.S. Cohen | author4=B. Tanner | author5=H. Heuser | year=2005 | title=Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic environmental change in Lake Tanganyika: IV. Lacustrine paleoecology | journal=Journal of Paleolimnology | volume=34 | issue=1 | pages=51–71 | doi=10.1007/s10933-005-2397-1 | bibcode=2005JPall..34...51P | citeseerx=10.1.1.489.2218 }}</ref>

==Conservation status==
This snail was given Endangered species status in 1996, but in 2006 this was revised to [Least Concern](/source/Least_Concern), as it was found to be widespread within the lake and at least locally common.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> It is facing [sedimentation](/source/sedimentation), [dredging](/source/dredging) and [shell collecting](/source/shell_collecting), but these are considered to be minor threats to this species.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />

<gallery>
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.170550 - Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880 - Paludomidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg|Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880. Museum specimen.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.170551 - Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880 - Paludomidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg|Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880. Museum specimens.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tiphobia horei}}
* Moore J. E. (1898). "The mollusks of the Great African lakes. 2. The anatomy of the Typhobias, with a description of a new genus (''Batanalia'') (sic)". ''[Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science](/source/Quarterly_Journal_of_Microscopical_Science)'' '''41''': [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlyjournal419899lond#page/180/mode/2up 181]-204. Plate [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlyjournalplates419899lond#page/n47/mode/1up 11]-14.

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q10382630|from2=Q5221707}}

Category:Paludomidae
Category:Monotypic gastropod genera
Category:Taxa named by Edgar Albert Smith
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tiphobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiphobia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiphobia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.