# Timeline of Tangier

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The following is a timeline of the [history](/source/Tangier#History) of the city of [Tangier](/source/Tangier), [Morocco](/source/Morocco).

## Ancient Ages

- 42 CE – [Tingis](/source/Tingis) becomes capital of the Roman province of [Mauretania Tingitana](/source/Mauretania_Tingitana).[1]
- 429 CE – [Vandals](/source/Vandals) take Tingis.[1]

## Middle Ages

- 534 - Conquered by the [Eastern Roman Empire](/source/Eastern_Roman_Empire) [citation needed]
- 700s – Arab rule begins.
- 927 – [Caliphate of Córdoba](/source/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba)
- 1026 – [Taifa of Málaga](/source/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga)
- 1026 – [Taifa of Ceuta](/source/Taifa_of_Ceuta)
- 1078 – [Almoravid dynasty](/source/Almoravid_dynasty) rule[2]
- 1147 – [Almohad dynasty](/source/Almohad_dynasty)
- 1244 – [Marinid dynasty](/source/Marinid_dynasty) (1244–1465).
- 1304 – [Ibn Battuta](/source/Ibn_Battuta) is born.
- 1437 – [Battle of Tangier](/source/Battle_of_Tangier_(1437)), attempt by a Portuguese expeditionary force to seize the citadel of Tangier, and their subsequent defeat by the armies of the Marinid sultanate .
- 1471 – [Portuguese of Tangier](/source/Portuguese_Tangier) rule (1471–1661) begins, under [Afonso V of Portugal](/source/Afonso_V_of_Portugal).[3][4][2]
- 1580 - Spain in power.[4] ([Iberian Union](/source/Iberian_Union))
- 1656 - Portugal in power again.[4] ([Portuguese Restoration War](/source/Portuguese_Restoration_War))

## Modern Ages

- 1661 – [English Tangier](/source/English_Tangier) (1661–1684), English colonial rule.[5][4]
- 1677 – The English banished all Jews from Tangiers.[5]
- 1678 – City besieged by forces of [Moulay Ismail](/source/Ismail_Ibn_Sharif).[1]
- 1684 – Moroccan rule begins with end of [English Tangier](/source/English_Tangier).[3][4]
- 1815 – [Grand Mosque of Tangier](/source/Grand_Mosque_of_Tangier) rebuilt.[6]
- 1821 – [American Legation](/source/American_Legation,_Tangier) building in use.
- 1844 - 6 August: [Bombardment of Tangiers](/source/Bombardment_of_Tangiers) (by the French).[4] - October: [Treaty of Tangiers](/source/Treaty_of_Tangiers_(1844)) signed in city.
- 1883 – *Al-Moghreb al-Aksa* [newspaper](/source/List_of_newspapers_in_Morocco) begins publication.[7]

## 20th century

- 1904 – *[Journal de Tanger](/source/Le_Journal_de_Tanger)* newspaper begins publication.[8]
- 1905 - *[La Dépêche marocaine](/source/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_marocaine)* newspaper begins publication. - [Anglican Church of St. Andrew](/source/Anglican_Church_of_St._Andrew) consecrated.
- 1905/06 - [First Moroccan Crisis](/source/First_Moroccan_Crisis) leading to the [Algeciras Conference](/source/Algeciras_Conference)
- 1910 - Population: 40,000 (approximate figure).[4]
- 1911 - [Agadir Crisis](/source/Agadir_Crisis) & [Treaty of Fes](/source/Treaty_of_Fes) (1912)
- 1913 – [Gran Teatro Cervantes](/source/Gran_Teatro_Cervantes) opens.[9]
- 1917 – [Sidi Bou Abib Mosque](/source/Sidi_Bou_Abib_Mosque) built.[6]
- 1920 – [Gran Cafe de Paris](/source/Gran_Caf%C3%A9_De_Paris_(Tangier)) in business.[10]
- 1921 – [Café Hafa](/source/Caf%C3%A9_Hafa) opens.
- 1925 – [Tangier International Zone](/source/Tangier_International_Zone) in effect, per [Tangier Protocol](/source/Tangier_Protocol).
- 1937 – Dean's Bar in business.[1]
- 1939 – [Stade de Marchan](/source/Stade_de_Marchan) (stadium) built.[citation needed]
- 1940 – 14 June: City occupied by Spanish forces.[5]
- 1945 – 11 October: City returned to international status.[11]
- 1947 - Sultan [Mohammed V of Morocco](/source/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco) gives speech at the [Grand Socco](/source/Grand_Socco).[12] - American writer [Paul Bowles](/source/Paul_Bowles) moves to Tangier.[13]
- 1948 – Cinema Rif opens.[14]
- 1952 – 30 March: Political demonstration.[5]
- 1956 - 8 October: City becomes part of independent Morocco;[3] [Tangier International Zone](/source/Tangier_International_Zone) disestablished.[12]
- 1960 – Population: 141,714.[15]
- 1973 – Population: 185,850.[16]
- 1983 – [Ittihad Riadi Tanger](/source/IR_Tanger) football club formed.
- 1993 – Population: 307,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).[17]

## 21st century

- 2005 – [Rabat–Tangier expressway](/source/Rabat%E2%80%93Tangier_expressway) constructed.
- 2003 - [Tanger-Med](/source/Tanger-Med) (industrial port complex) supervisory board created.
- 2006 – Cinematheque de Tanger opens.[18]
- 2008 - [Tanger-Med](/source/Tanger-Med) port begins operating near city.[19] - [Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport](/source/Tangier_Ibn_Battouta_Airport) new terminal building opens.
- 2011 - [Grand Stade de Tanger](/source/Grand_Stade_de_Tanger) (stadium) opens. - [Kenitra–Tangier high-speed rail line](/source/Kenitra%E2%80%93Tangier_high-speed_rail_line) construction begins.
- 2014 - Population: 998,972 (estimate).[20]
- 2015 – City becomes part of the [Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima](/source/Tanger-Tetouan-Al_Hoceima) administrative region.

## See also

- [Tangier history](/source/Tangier#History)
- [Chronology of Tangier](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanger) (in French)
- [List of governors of Tangier](/source/List_of_governors_of_Tangier), 15th to 17th centuries
- Timelines of other [cities](/source/List_of_cities_in_Morocco) in Morocco: [Casablanca](/source/Timeline_of_Casablanca), [Fez](/source/Timeline_of_Fez), [Marrakesh](/source/Timeline_of_Marrakesh), [Meknes](/source/Timeline_of_Meknes), [Rabat](/source/Timeline_of_Rabat), [Salé](/source/Timeline_of_Sal%C3%A9)
- [Timeline of Morocco](/source/Timeline_of_Morocco)

## References

1. *Rough Guide to Morocco*. [Rough Guides](/source/Rough_Guides). 2013. ISBN 978-1-4093-3267-1.

1. Hsain Ilahiane (2006). ["Chronology"](https://books.google.com/books?id=0E8qp_k515oC). *Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)*. [Scarecrow Press](/source/Scarecrow_Press). ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.

1. Aguiar 2005.

1. Britannica 1910.

1. Watson 1996.

1. ["ArchNet"](http://archnet.org). Retrieved 30 October 2014.

1. ["Tangier (Morocco) – Newspapers"](http://catalog.crl.edu/search~S35?/dTangier+%28Morocco%29+--+Newspapers). *Global Resources Network*. Chicago, US: [Center for Research Libraries](/source/Center_for_Research_Libraries). Retrieved 30 October 2014.

1. ["Morocco: Directory"](https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA2970). *Europa World Year Book 2004*. [Europa Publications](/source/Europa_Publications). 29 July 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.

1. ["Lost in Tangier"](https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/12/travel/12Lost.html), *New York Times*, 10 September 2010

1. Shoemake 2013.

1. ["Reestablishment of the International Regime in Tangiers"](https://archive.org/stream/departmentofstatx1345unit/departmentofstatx1345unit_djvu.tx). Vol. XIII. 330. US: US Department of State. October 21, 1945. pp. 613–618.

1. Susan Gilson Miller (2013). ["Chronology"](https://books.google.com/books?id=peGyku_eREkC). *History of Modern Morocco*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8.

1. Christopher Petkanas (20 May 2011), ["Last Casbah"](http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/the-last-casbah/), *New York Times*

1. ["Movie Theaters in Tangier, Morocco"](http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/morocco/tangier?status=all). *CinemaTreasures.org*. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2014.

1. ["Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants"](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm). *Demographic Yearbook 1965*. New York: [Statistical Office of the United Nations](/source/Statistical_Office_of_the_United_Nations). 1966.

1. [United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs](/source/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs), Statistical Office (1976). ["Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants"](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm). *Demographic Yearbook 1975*. New York. pp. 253–279.

1. ["Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants"](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm). *1995 Demographic Yearbook*. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.

1. ["Morocco"](http://www.newmuseum.org/spaces/listing/country:Senegal). *Art Spaces Directory*. New York: [New Museum](/source/New_Museum). Retrieved 30 October 2014.

1. *The Report: Morocco 2012*. [Oxford Business Group](/source/Oxford_Business_Group). 2012. ISBN 978-1-907065-54-5.

1. ["Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants"](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/), "Demographic Yearbook – 2018", United Nations

## Bibliography

**Published in 19th century**

- Ali Bey al-Abbasi (1816), ["Chapters 2–4 (Tangier)"](https://archive.org/stream/travelsalibeyps01beygoog#page/n26/mode/2up), "Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807", Philadelphia: John Conrad, [OCLC 754174](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/754174)
- Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831). ["Tangier"](https://archive.org/stream/sketchesinspain01broogoog#page/n287/mode/2up). *Sketches in Spain and Morocco*. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. [OCLC 13783280](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13783280)
- Vol. 23. p. 46.
- H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889). ["(Tangier)"](https://books.google.com/books?id=FRgoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20). *Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan*. London: Whittaker & Co. [OCLC 4428176](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4428176)

**Published in 20th century**

- S. L. Bensusan (1904). [*Morocco*](https://archive.org/details/morocco00forrgoog). London: A and C Black.
- Ch. Brossard (ed.) (1906). ["Maroc: Description des villes: Tanger"](https://books.google.com/books?id=clc02B1BIkgC&pg=PA224). *Colonies françaises* (in French). Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France. Paris: [Flammarion](/source/Groupe_Flammarion) (+ [table of contents](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005579753?urlappend=%3Bseq=652))
- Vol. 26. 1910. pp. 397–398.
- ["Tangier"](https://archive.org/stream/mediterraneansea00karl#page/98/mode/2up), "The Mediterranean", Leipzig: [Karl Baedeker](/source/List_of_Baedeker_Guides), 1911, [OCLC 490068](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/490068)
- Noelle Watson (ed.) (1996). ["Tangier"](https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC). *International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa*. UK: Routledge. pp. 665+. ISBN 978-1884964039.

**Published in 21st century**

- Mark Ellingham (2001), "Tangier", "Rough Guide to Morocco", 6th ed., London: [Rough Guides](/source/Rough_Guides), p. 79+
- Marian Aguiar (2005). ["Tangier"](https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop0004unse/page/120). *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience*. 2nd ed. [Kwame Anthony Appiah](/source/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah) and [Henry Louis Gates](/source/Henry_Louis_Gates) (ed.). Oxford University Press. p. [120](https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop0004unse/page/120). ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- [Kevin Shillington](/source/Kevin_Shillington) (ed.) (2005). "Tangier". *Encyclopedia of African History*. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Michael R.T. Dumper & Bruce E. Stanley (eds.) (2008). "Tangier". *Cities of the Middle East and North Africa*. Santa Barbara, US: [ABC-CLIO](/source/ABC-CLIO)
- Zoubir Chattou (2011). "Tanger à la croisée de nouvelles recompositions territoriales et de mobilités transnationales" [Tangier, transnational mobilities and territorial restructuring] (in French). *[Méditerranée](/source/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e_(journal))*. **116** (116): 133–138. [doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5447](https://doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.5447). – via [Revues.org](/source/Revues.org)
- Martin Malcolm Elbl. *Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton* (Baywolf Press: Toronto and Peterborough, 2013) ISBN 978-0-921437-50-5.
- Josh Shoemake (2013). [*Tangier: A Literary Guide for Travellers*](https://books.google.com/books?id=XadwAwAAQBAJ). I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-376-4.

## External links

- ["(Articles related to Tangier)"](http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=tangier&F0=0). *Connecting-Africa*. Leiden, Netherlands: [African Studies Centre](/source/Afrika-Studiecentrum,_Leiden)
- Christian Zimmermann (ed.). ["(Tangier)"](https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=Tangier). *[Research Papers in Economics](/source/Research_Papers_in_Economics)*. US: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
- ["(Tangier)"](http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Tangier%20OR%20tanger%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D). *[Directory of Open Access Journals](/source/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals)* (Bibliography of [open access](/source/Open_access) articles)
- [Map of Tangier](http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/morocco_city_plans/), 1943

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Timeline of Tangier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Tangier) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Tangier?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.