# Timeline of Prayagraj

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This is a **timeline of the [history](/source/History_of_Allahabad) of the city of [Prayagraj](/source/Prayagraj)**, [Uttar Pradesh](/source/Uttar_Pradesh), India.

This is a [dynamic list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists) and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by [editing the page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Timeline_of_Prayagraj) to add missing items, with references to [reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources).

## 7th century BCE

**c. 600**

- Excavations have revealed [Northern Black Polished Ware](/source/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware) dating to [Indian Iron Age](/source/Iron_Age_in_India).[1]

## 4th century BCE

**312**

- A strong fortification at Prayaga was recorded by [Seleucus I Nicator](/source/Seleucus_I_Nicator) at the junction of [Ganga](/source/Ganga_river) and [Yamuna river](/source/Yamuna_river).[2]

## 3rd century BCE

**250**

- A sculptured monument ([Pillars of Ashoka](/source/Pillars_of_Ashoka)) was erected in Prayaga by [Ashoka the Great](/source/Ashoka_the_Great) for inscribing [his edicts](/source/Edicts_of_Ashoka).[2]

## 3rd century CE

**240**

- Early [Guptas](/source/Gupta_Empire) under [Sri Gupta](/source/Sri_Gupta) fanned out from Prayag.[3]

## 4th century CE

**350**

- In the [Prayag Prasasti](/source/Allahabad_pillar), Sri Gupta and [Ghatotkacha](/source/Ghatotkacha) are given the title of [Mahārāja](/source/Mah%C4%81r%C4%81ja) while [Chandragupta I](/source/Chandragupta_I) and [Samudragupta](/source/Samudragupta) are referred to as *Mahārājādhirāja*.[4]

## 5th century CE

**455**

- Prayag remains imperial capital until the reign of [Kumaragupta I](/source/Kumaragupta_I), later in about 455 CE, emperor [Skandagupta](/source/Skandagupta) shifted the center of power to [Ayodhya](/source/Ayodhya).[5][6]

## 7th century CE

**612**

- [Harsha](/source/Harsha)'s official coronation and a religious conference took place in the city.[7]

**644**

The Chinese traveler [Xuanzang](/source/Xuanzang) (Hiuen Tsang) described a ritual organized by Emperor [Shiladitya](/source/Shiladitya) (identified with [Harsha](/source/Harsha)) at the confluence of two rivers, in the kingdom of Po-lo-ye-kia (identified with Prayaga). He also mentions that many hundreds took a bath at the confluence, to wash away their sins.[8] According to some scholars, this is earliest surviving historical account of the [Prayaga Kumbh Mela](/source/Allahabad_Kumbh_Mela), which took place in Prayaga in 644 CE.[9] However, Xuanzang's reference is about an event that happened every 5 years (and not 12 years), and might have been a Buddhist celebration (since Harsha was a Buddhist emperor).[10][11]

## 10th century CE

**916**

- [Pratihara Empire](/source/Pratihara_Empire) including Prayaga and [Kannauj](/source/Kannauj) was captured and plundered by [Indra III](/source/Indra_III) under the reign of [Mahipala I](/source/Mahipala_I).[12]

## 12th century CE

**1194**

- The city was invaded by [Shihab ad-Din](/source/Muhammad_of_Ghor), the [sultan](/source/Sultan) of [Ghurid Empire](/source/Ghurid_Empire).[13]

## 14th century CE

**c. 1300 – c. 1400**

- City went under the [Khalji dynasty](/source/Khalji_dynasty), ruled by [Alauddin Khalji](/source/Alauddin_Khalji).[14]

## 16th century CE

**c. 1575 – c. 1583**

- *[Akbarnama](/source/Akbarnama)* mentions that the [Mughal emperor](/source/Mughal_emperor) Akbar founded a great city in Prayag. [`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni](/source/%60Abd_al-Qadir_Bada'uni) and [Nizamuddin Ahmad](/source/Nizamuddin_Ahmad) mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an Imperial City at Prayag which he called *Ilahabas*.[15]

**c. 1575 – c. 1583**

The [Allahabad Fort](/source/Allahabad_Fort) was built by [Mughal Emperor](/source/Mughal_Emperor) [Akbar](/source/Akbar) at Prayag. He had been impressed with its strategic position, as it sat on the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna, with the fort allowing for any movement along both.[16]

**c. 1574 – c. 1584**

- Per [Abu'l Fazal](/source/Abu'l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak), Akbar laid the foundations of a city called *Ilahabas* at the town of Prayag on 13 November 1583.[17]

- Per [`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni](/source/%60Abd_al-Qadir_Bada'uni), the date of its founding as 14 June 1574.[17]

- [Nizamuddin Ahmad](/source/Nizamuddin_Ahmad) mentions two different dates, one as 13 July 1574. He also mentioned Akbar laying the foundation in the section about occurrences in the year 1584.[17]

**1580**

- Akbar divides his empire into 12 subahs based on names of the country or their capital. The "Subah of Ilahabas" is created.[17]

## 17th century CE

**c. 1602 – c. 1604**

- [Prince Salim](/source/Prince_Salim) seizes its treasury and establishes himself as a virtually independent ruler.[18] In May 1602, Salim had his name read in [Friday prayers](/source/Jumu'ah) and his name minted on coins in Illahabas. Akbar reconciled with Salim and the latter returned to the royal court in 1604.[19]

**c. 1622**

- [Prince Khusrau](/source/Prince_Khusrau) died that year.[20][21] After his death his father [Jahangir](/source/Jahangir) built his mausoleum in the city along with his mother and sister at [Khusro Bagh](/source/Khusro_Bagh).[14]

## 18th century CE

**1721**

- [Muhammad Khan Bangash](/source/Muhammad_Khan_Bangash) of the [Mughal Empire](/source/Mughal_Empire) became the [subahdar](/source/Subahdar) ([governor](/source/Governor)) of Illahabas Province.[22][23]

**1735**

- City fell into the hands of [Maratha Empire](/source/Maratha_Empire) until 1750.[14]

**1750**

- [Pathans of Farrukhabad](/source/Pathans_of_Uttar_Pradesh#Pathans_of_Qaimganj_and_Farrukhabad) sacked the city.[14]

**1753**

- [Safdarjung](/source/Safdarjung), the [Nawab of Awadh](/source/Nawab_of_Awadh) seized the city and held it until 1765.[14]

**1765**

- 12 August: [Treaty of Allahabad](/source/Treaty_of_Allahabad) was signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of [Company rule in India](/source/Company_rule_in_India).[24]

## 19th century CE

**1801**

- [Annexation](/source/Annexation) of the city by the [British East India Company](/source/British_East_India_Company) (beginning the [Company rule](/source/Company_rule)).[25][26]

**1803**

- The 17th century [Jade Terrapin](/source/Jade_Terrapin) was found at the bottom of a well during engineering excavations. It was bequeathed it to the [British Museum](/source/British_Museum) in 1830.[27]

**1821**

- Population: 20,000.[28][29]

**1833**

- The city became the seat of [Ceded and Conquered Provinces](/source/Ceded_and_Conquered_Provinces) before the capital was shifted to [Agra](/source/Agra) in 1835.[30]

**1839**

- [Holy Trinity Church](/source/List_of_churches_in_Prayagraj#Holy_Trinity_Church), the first church in the city, was established.[31][32]

**1856**

- [Rail transport](/source/Rail_transport) was introduced to the city; the first railway line between [Calcutta](/source/Calcutta) and Prayagraj was completed.[33][34][35]

**1857**

- Prayagraj was a participant in the [Rebellion of 1857](/source/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857).[36] The city, with a number of European troops,[37] was the scene of a massacre.[38]

- [Civil Lines](/source/Civil_Lines%2C_Prayagraj) was built; it was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of [New Delhi](/source/New_Delhi).[39][40]

**1858**

- [Earl Canning](/source/Charles_Canning%2C_1st_Earl_Canning), at [Minto Park](/source/Minto_Park%2C_Prayagraj), read out the declaration of [Queen Victoria's Proclamation](/source/Queen_Victoria#Empress) which resulted in the complete transfer of control over [India](/source/India) from The [East India Company](/source/East_India_Company) to the [government of Britain](/source/Government_of_Britain) (beginning the [British Rule](/source/British_Rule)).[41][42]

- The city became the seat of [North-Western Provinces](/source/North-Western_Provinces).[43]

- It became the [capital of India](/source/List_of_capitals_of_India).[43]

**1859**

- 3 March: First passenger train in [North India](/source/North_India) ran between Prayagraj and [Kanpur](/source/Kanpur).

**1861**

- Population: 105,900.[28][29]

**1863**

- [Prayagraj Municipal Corporation](/source/Prayagraj_Municipal_Corporation) established as the Municipal Board of Prayagraj.[33]

**1864**

- [Allahabad Public Library](/source/Allahabad_Public_Library) was established.[44]

**1865**

- *[The Pioneer](/source/The_Pioneer_(newspaper))* made its first appearance.[45]

- 15 August: Construction of the [Old Naini Bridge](/source/Old_Naini_Bridge) was completed.[46]

- [Allahabad Bank](/source/Allahabad_Bank) was established.[47]

**1866**

- 25 November: The [Allahabad High Court](/source/Allahabad_High_Court) was inaugurated. Though it sat in [Agra](/source/Agra) till 1868.[48]

**1869**

- The [High Court](/source/Allahabad_High_Court) was moved back to Prayagraj from Agra.[48]

**1870**

- The building of [Allahabad Public Library](/source/Allahabad_Public_Library) was built.[44]

- [State Police Headquarters](/source/Uttar_Pradesh_Police) established in the city.[44]

- [Chandrashekhar Azad Park](/source/Chandrashekhar_Azad_Park) was built.[44]

**1871**

- 10 April: Foundation stone of [All Saints Cathedral](/source/All_Saints_Cathedral%2C_Prayagraj) was laid.[49]

- Population: 143,700.[28][29]

**1877**

- [A. H. Wheeler](/source/A._H._Wheeler) was founded.[50][51]

**1879**

- [St. Joseph's Cathedral](/source/St._Joseph's_Cathedral%2C_Prayagraj) was built.[52]

- [Mayo Memorial Hall](/source/Mayo_Memorial_Hall) was built.[53]

**1881**

- Population: 148,500.[28][29]

**1887**

- 23 September: [University of Allahabad](/source/University_of_Allahabad), the fourth oldest University in India, was established.[54]

**1888**

- The fourth conference of the [Indian National Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) addressed in the city by [George Yule](/source/George_Yule_(businessman)).[55][56]

**1891**

- Population: 175,200.[28][29]

**1892**

- The eighth conference of the [Indian National Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) addressed in the city by [Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee](/source/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee).[56]

**1896**

- The city was hit by the [Famine of 1896](/source/Indian_famine_of_1896%E2%80%931897). A considerable effect was seen in the decrease of the city population during the Census of 1901.[28][57][29]

**1899**

- The fifteenth conference of the [Indian National Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) addressed in the city by [Romesh Chunder Dutt](/source/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt).[56]

## 20th century

**1901**

- Population: 172,000.[28][29]

**1902**

- The city became the capital of [United Provinces](/source/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh) till 1920.[43][58]

- Curzon Bridge was built; it linked the city, through [rail road](/source/Rail_road), to the northern regions of the [state](/source/Uttar_Pradesh)[59]

- [Ewing Christian College](/source/Ewing_Christian_College) was established.[60][61]

**1909**

- 24 October: *[The Leader](/source/The_Leader_(Allahabad_newspaper))* was first published. It circulated until 1967.[62][63]

**1910**

- [Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences](/source/Sam_Higginbottom_University_of_Agriculture%2C_Technology_and_Sciences) was established.[64]

**1911**

- 18 February: [Henri Pequet](/source/Henri_Pequet) carried the [world's first official airmail](/source/Airmail#Introduction_of_the_airplane) from Prayagraj to [Naini](/source/Naini%2C_Prayagraj).[65][66]

**1913**

- [Prayagraj Clock Tower](/source/Prayagraj_Clock_Tower) was built in [Chowk, Prayagraj](/source/Chowk%2C_Prayagraj).[67]

**1914**

- D.A.V College was established.

**1919**

- [Prayagraj Airport](/source/Prayagraj_Airport) was built, it served as an [international airport](/source/International_airport) till 1946.[67]

**1921**

- Population: 157,200.[28][29]

**1926**

- [Prayag Sangeet Samiti](/source/Prayag_Sangeet_Samiti) was established.

**1930**

- 11 April: [Salt March](/source/Salt_March) carried out by [Jawaharlal Nehru](/source/Jawaharlal_Nehru).[68][69]

- [Allahabad Address](/source/Allahabad_Address) was made by [Muhammad Iqbal](/source/Muhammad_Iqbal).[70]

**1931**

- 27 February: [Chandrashekhar Azad](/source/Chandrashekhar_Azad) died at [Alfred Park](/source/Alfred_Park).[71]

- [Allahabad Museum](/source/Allahabad_Museum) was established.[72]

- Population: 183,900.[28][29]

**1941**

- Population: 260,600.[28][29]

**1942**

- [Prayag Kumbh Mela](/source/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela) banned by the British Government due to fears of [Japanese](/source/Japanese_people) bombing the nearby situated [Akbar Fort](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akbar_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1) during the [World War II](/source/World_War_II)[73]

**1951**

- Population: 332,300.[28][29]

**1954**

- First incident of [Kumbh Mela stampede](/source/1954_Kumbh_Mela_stampede) occurred.[74]

**1961**

- Population: 412,000.[28][29]

**1971**

- Population: 513,000.[28][29]

**1980**

- [Jawahar Planetarium](/source/Jawahar_Planetarium) was built.[75]

**1981**

- Population: 642,200.[28][29]

**1985**

- First [Indira Marathon](/source/Indira_Marathon) was conducted.[76]

**1991**

- Population: 792,900.[28][29]

**1999**

- [Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad](/source/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology%2C_Allahabad) was established.[77]

## 21st century

**2001**

- Population: 990,298.[28][29]

**2004**

- [New Yamuna Bridge](/source/New_Yamuna_Bridge) was completed.[78]

**2011**

- Population: 1,117,094.[79]

**2013**

- 10 February: An estimated 30 million people gathered in the city to bathe on Mauni Amavasya during [Kumbh Mela](/source/Kumbh_Mela).[80][81][82][83]

- Second incident of [Kumbh Mela stampede](/source/2013_Prayag_Kumbh_Mela_stampede) occurred.[84]

**2015**

- 25 January: [MoU](/source/MoU) signed between the [United States Trade and Development Agency](/source/United_States_Trade_and_Development_Agency) and the [Government of Uttar Pradesh](/source/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh) for developing the city as a [smart city](/source/Smart_city).[85][86][87]

- 23 June: [Civil Lines](/source/Civil_Lines%2C_Allahabad) Bus Depot became the first public spot in the city to be equipped with free [Wi-Fi](/source/Wi-Fi).[88][89]

**2016**

- 23 April: Completion of renovation and inauguration of [Chandrashekhar Azad Park](/source/Chandrashekhar_Azad_Park).[90]

**2017**

- 22 April: On [Earth Day](/source/Earth_Day), the [Allahabad Museum](/source/Allahabad_Museum), using [solar power system](/source/Solar_power_system), became the first museum in the country to become self-reliant in power generation.[91]

**2018**

- October: [Yogi Adityanath](/source/Yogi_Adityanath)-led government officially changed the name of the city to Prayagraj.

**2020**

- 24 March: City, along with the nation, was put under lockdown due to [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India).

## See also

- [History of Prayagraj](/source/History_of_Prayagraj)

- [Prayagraj Smart City Project](/source/Prayagraj#Projects)

- [Akshayavata](/source/Akshayavata)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Dubey2001_1-0)** Shiva Kumar Dubey (2001). [*Kumbh city Prayag*](https://books.google.com/books?id=DHzXAAAAMAAJ). Centre for Cultural Resources and Training. pp. 31–41. Retrieved 4 November 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p95_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p95_2-1) Bhatia, H. S. (1 January 2008). [*Military History of British India, 1607-1947*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96). Deep and Deep Publications. p. 95. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788184500790](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184500790). Retrieved 2 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Sharma, R.S. (25 January 2007), ["Rise and Growth of the Gupta Empire"](https://academic.oup.com/book/27690/chapter-abstract/197832883?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=true), *India’s Ancient Past*, Oxford University Press, p. 242, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-568785-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-568785-9), UP therefore seems to have been the place from where the Guptas operated and fanned out in different directions. Probably with their centre of power at Prayag, they spread into the neighbouring regions.{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Kumar, Sanjeev (18 July 2024). [*Treasures of the Gupta Empire: A Numismatic History of the Golden Age of India*](https://books.google.com/books?id=mN0UEQAAQBAJ). Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. p. 28. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-80327-796-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80327-796-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [*History Of The Imperial Guptas*](https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967/page/210/mode/1up). The capital of the Guptas was located somewhere in the eastern part of U. P. The evidence of the Puranas from which we learn that Prayāga was the nucleus of the original Gupta state, the incision of the prasasti of Samudragupta on a stone pillar at Prayāga, the discovery of several other early Gupta inscriptions and numerous hoards of coins from this area, and the possibility of the performance of Asvamedha at Prayāga by Samudragupta bring out the fact that at least in the early part of their history, the Guptas had their capital at Prayāga. [...] Later on, however, Ayodhyā was made the formal residence of the emperor, for, Paramartha, a Buddhist scholar of the Gupta age refers to this city as the capital of Vikramaditya i.e. Skandagupta who appointed Vasubandhu as the teacher of his crown-prince Bālāditya

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Bakker, Hans (1 January 1982). ["The rise of Ayodhyā as a place of pilgrimage"](https://brill.com/view/journals/iij/24/2/article-p103_2.xml). *Indo-Iranian Journal*. **24** (2): 103–126. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1163/000000082790081267](https://doi.org/10.1163%2F000000082790081267). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0019-7246](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-7246). During the reign of either the emperor Kumāragupta or, more probably, that of his successor Skandagupta (AD 455–467), the capital of the empire was moved from Pāțaliputra to Ayodhyā...

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A-16. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Xuanzang_8-0)** [Buddhist Records of the Western World, Book V](http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Xuan-Zang-Book-V.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051904/http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Xuan-Zang-Book-V.pdf) 2016-03-04 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) by Xuan Zang

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Dilip Kumar Roy; Indira Devi (1955). [*Kumbha: India's ageless festival*](https://books.google.com/books?id=TtZKAAAAMAAJ). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xxii.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kama_ET_2010_10-0)** Vikram Doctor (10 February 2013). ["Kumbh mela dates back to mid-19th century, shows research"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130213141857/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-10/news/37008284_1_kumbh-mela-prayag-haridwar). *Economic Times*. Archived from [the original](http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-10/news/37008284_1_kumbh-mela-prayag-haridwar) on 13 February 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-KM_2003_11-0)** Kama MacLean (August 2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad". *The Journal of Asian Studies*. **62** (3): 873–905. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3591863](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3591863). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3591863](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3591863). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [162404242](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162404242).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 21. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [*The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5*](https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_237.gif) (New ed.). [Clarendon Press](/source/Clarendon_Press). p. 299. Retrieved 6 November 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p96_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p96_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p96_14-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p96_14-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p96_14-4) Bhatia, H. S. (1 January 2008). [*Military History of British India, 1607-1947*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96). Deep and Deep Publications. p. 96. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788184500790](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184500790). Retrieved 2 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ujagir_15-0)** Ujagir Singh (1958). *Allahabad: a study in urban geography*. [Banaras Hindu University](/source/Banaras_Hindu_University). pp. 31–32.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kumbh62_16-0)** Kama Maclean (2008). [*Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765-1954*](https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA62). Oxford University Press. p. 62. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780195338942](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195338942).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Surendra_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Surendra_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Surendra_17-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Surendra_17-3) Surendra Nath Sinha (1974). *Subah of Allahabad under the great Mughals, 1580-1707*. [Jamia Millia Islamia](/source/Jamia_Millia_Islamia). p. 85.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Eraly_18-0)** [Abraham Eraly](/source/Abraham_Eraly) (2000). [*Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals*](https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA223). [Penguin Books India](/source/Penguin_Books). p. 223. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780141001432](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141001432).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-MHBI_HSB_p97_26-0)** Bhatia, H. S. (1 January 2008). [*Military History of British India, 1607-1947*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96). Deep and Deep Publications. p. 97. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788184500790](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184500790). Retrieved 2 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["figure"](https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=218365&page=1&partId=1&plaA=41326-3-2&place=41326). *British Museum*.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-toi2013_31-0)** ["Lecture on churches of Allahabad"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Lecture-on-churches-of-Allahabad/articleshow/17869365.cms). *The Times of India*. 3 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-toi35dec2012_32-0)** ["THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, ALLAHABAD"](http://hindustantimes.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx). Hindustan Times (Lucknow). 25 December 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-books.google.com_33-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-books.google.com_33-1) Joshi, A. (2008). [*Town Planning Regeneration of Cities*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122). New India Pub. Agency. p. 122. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788189422820](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788189422820). Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-google2_34-0)** Jain, P.C. (1986). [*Hindu Society of North-Western Province, 1801-1856*](https://books.google.com/books?id=jPttAAAAMAAJ). Puja Publishers. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-ThompsonGarratt1962_37-0)** Edward John Thompson; Geoffrey Theodore Garratt (1962). [*Rise and Fulfilment of British rule in India*](https://books.google.com/books?id=6v4gAAAAMAAJ&q=%22European+troops%22). Central Book Depot. Retrieved 16 August 2014.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-TGEIAAp57_39-0)** Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blai (2009). [*The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3*](https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA57). [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). p. 57. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8125013839](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8125013839).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AHVLp14_40-0)** [Henry George Keene](/source/Henry_George_Keene_(1826%E2%80%931915)) (1875). [*A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore*](https://books.google.com/books?id=EfGFMpm8UbAC&pg=PA15). J. Jetley. pp. 14–15. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [81-206-1527-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-1527-1). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-google4_41-0)** Bhatt, S.C. (2005). [*Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes. Uttar Pradesh*](https://books.google.com/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453). Vol. 28. Kalpaz publ. p. 453. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788178353845](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788178353845). Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-bharatonline_42-0)** ["Minto Park - Minto Park Allahabad - Allahabad Minto Park - Madan Mohan Malaviya Park Allahabad India"](http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html). bharatonline.co. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_01_Jan_2008_237_43-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_01_Jan_2008_237_43-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_01_Jan_2008_237_43-2) Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). [*Town Planning Regeneration of Cities*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=Allahabad+capital&pg=PA151). New India Publishing. p. 237. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8189422820](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189422820).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-T139_44-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-T139_44-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-T139_44-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-T139_44-3) Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). [*Town Planning Regeneration of Cities*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=bamrauli+airport&pg=PA41). New India Publishing. p. 139. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8189422820](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189422820).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 142. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-bl_46-0)** ["Railway Bridge over Jumna at Allahabad"](http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho000000394u00061000.html). bl.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** Rajesh (2009). [*Banking Theory Law N Practice*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PHCQsprFST4C&q=allahabad+bank+established&pg=PA8). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 8. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780070091238](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070091238). Retrieved 4 November 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_SBS_page142-143_48-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_SBS_page142-143_48-1) Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 142–143. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-toi2001_49-0)** ["All Saints Cathedral celebrates 130th Anniversary today"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/All-Saints-Cathedral-celebrates-130th-Anniversary-today/articleshow/1388861542.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. 31 October 2001. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140108121428/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-31/lucknow/27252566_1_victoria-tower-130th-anniversary-saints-cathedral) from the original on 8 January 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HT-20110819_50-0)** Motihar, Jhilmil (19 August 2011). ["The original Wheeler dealers"](https://www.livemint.com/2011/08/19213751/The-original-Wheeler-dealers.html). New Delhi: HT Media. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TOI-20110904_51-0)** Sethi, Atul (4 September 2011). ["Train of thoughts"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Train-of-thoughts/articleshow/9855771.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. Mumbai. Retrieved 9 April 2012.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["Churches in Allahabad"](http://www.allahabadinfo.com/church.html). *allahabadinfo.com*. Retrieved 11 September 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** ["Richard Roskell Bayne collection"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130704112639/http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html). Archived from [the original](http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html) on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** [*Handbook of Universities, Volume1*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKgM7P5iGwgC&q=allahabad+university+established). Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 1 January 2006. p. 17. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [81-269-0607-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-269-0607-3). Retrieved 2 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HallRose2006_55-0)** Catherine Hall; Sonya O. Rose (2006). [*At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2oVCvtC1zAEC&pg=PA281). Cambridge University Press. p. 281. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-139-46009-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46009-5).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-G.K._Aggarwal_56-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-G.K._Aggarwal_56-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-G.K._Aggarwal_56-2) Aggarwal, R. C. [*General Knowledge for all Competitive Exams*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PUhqV1ubluEC&q=landmarks+of+allahabad&pg=PA94). Bright Publications. p. 94. Retrieved 14 December 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** [*The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5*](https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_237.gif) (New ed.). [Clarendon Press](/source/Clarendon_Press). p. 230. Retrieved 6 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ward2008_58-0)** Kerry Ward (2009). [*Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company*](https://books.google.com/books?id=YNBmIu5m6hAC). Cambridge University Press. p. 340. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-88586-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88586-7). Retrieved 3 August 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** ["India Office Select Materials"](http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoShowDescs.asp?CollID=852). Retrieved 24 May 2013.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-61)** Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 241

1. **[^](#cite_ref-as_62-0)** ["The Leader (Allahabad, India)"](http://www.asiamap.ac.uk/newspapers/display.php?ID=48&Order=0&Query=indian&View=0&pp=15&RecView=1). Vol. 1, no. 1. (Oct. 24, 1909)-v. 230, no. 20762 (Sept. 6, 1967)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-du_63-0)** ["Newspapers and Periodicals: N4787 The Leader"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100901180906/http://library.duke.edu/research/subject/guides/south_asian_studies/newspapers.html). Duke University Library System. Archived from [the original](http://library.duke.edu/research/subject/guides/south_asian_studies/newspapers.html) on 1 September 2010.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-65)** ["The First Airmail Flight in the World"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131105213334/http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/first-airmail-flight-world). Archived from [the original](http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/first-airmail-flight-world) on 5 November 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-66)** Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-17. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_121_67-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_121_67-1) Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). [*Town Planning Regeneration of Cities*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=bamrauli+airport&pg=PA41). New India Publishing. p. 121. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8189422820](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189422820).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-68)** Khanal, Vinod (9 November 2014). ["Nehru defied British, made salt at Allahabad"](http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Nehru-defied-British-made-salt-at-Allahabad/articleshow/45087555.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. Prayagraj. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-69)** Khanal, Vinod (13 November 2014). ["Mahatma Gandhi describes Nehru's arrest in 1930 as 'rest'"](http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Mahatma-Gandhi-describes-Nehrus-arrest-in-1930-as-rest/articleshow/45140212.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. Prayagraj. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-res_70-0)** [Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address](http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_iqbal_1930.html), from Columbia University site

1. **[^](#cite_ref-71)** Bhattacherje, S. B. (1 May 2009). [*Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-19. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120740747](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120740747). Retrieved 24 March 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-72)** ["Allahabad Museum to celebrate Foundation Day"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/-Allahabad-Museum-to-celebrate-Foundation-Day/articleshow/5644718.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. 5 March 2010. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140108114206/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-05/allahabad/28134388_1_allahabad-museum-foundation-day-senior-citizens) from the original on 8 January 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-timesofindia_73-0)** ["'British scrapped Magh mela in 1942'"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/British-scrapped-Magh-mela-in-1942/articleshow/50575926.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-74)** [The worst stampede was in Prayagraj in 1954, killing 800.](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/aug/28/india.maseehrahman) *[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)*, 28 August 2003.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-75)** [Institutions](http://www.jnmf.in/institutions.html) JNMF.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-76)** ["Stage set for Indira Marathon on Nov 19"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Stage-set-for-Indira-Marathon-on-Nov-19/articleshow/6932473.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*. 16 November 2010. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130407182231/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-16/allahabad/28231200_1_prize-money-prime-minister-prestigious-marathon) from the original on 7 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-indiatoday_77-0)** ["IIIT Allahabad admissions: M.Tech courses invited"](http://m.indiatoday.in/education/story/iiit-allahabad-admissions-m.tech-courses-invited/1/351872.html). m.indiatoday.in. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-78)** ["Startseite"](http://www.maurer-soehne.com/files/bauwerkschutzsysteme/pdf/en/projectinfo/Allahabad_Naini_Bridge_India.pdf) (PDF). 13 November 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-censusindia_2011_79-0)** ["censusindia 2011: Major Agglomerations"](http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 25 April 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-80)** ["Over three crore people take holy dip in Kumbh Mela on 'Mauni Amavasya'"](http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/over-three-crore-people-take-holy-dip-in-kumbh-mela-on-mauni-amavasya-328965). *NDTV.com*. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

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v t e Prayagraj History History Timeline Treaty of Allahabad Indian Rebellion of 1857 Capital of India Allahabad Bank Famine of 1896 Allahabad Address 1954 Kumbh Mela stampede 2013 Kumbh Mela stampede Geography Ganges Yamuna Sangam Neighborhoods Indian Standard Time Doab Awadh Buildings and locations Government Allahabad High Court Museums and libraries Allahabad Museum Anand Bhavan Allahabad Public Library Parks and gardens Alfred Park/Chandrashekhar Azad Park Khusro Bagh Minto Park Places of worship Triveni Sangam Saraswati Ghat Akshayavat Alopi Devi Mandir All Saints Cathedral St. Joseph’s Cathedral Shopping centers and markets Civil Lines Chowk Sports Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium Structures Swaraj Bhavan Mayo Memorial Hall Allahabad Fort Ashoka Pillar Education and learning Universities, Colleges, Research Institutes and Schools Jawahar Planetarium Prayag Sangeet Samiti Media The Pioneer The Leader A. H. Wheeler Culture and Events Kumbh Mela Indira Marathon Transportation National Highway 2 Prayagraj Bypass Expressway Roads and Streets New Yamuna Bridge Old Naini Bridge National Waterway 1 Prayagraj Junction Prayagraj Metrolite Prayagraj Airport Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation NCR Headquarters Other topics Notable landmarks (tourist attractions) List of people

v t e Years in India (1500–present) Pre-British period 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 British India (1612–1950) 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 Republic of India (1950–present) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Timeline of Prayagraj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Prayagraj) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Prayagraj?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.