# Timeline of Modena

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The following is a timeline of the [history](/source/Modena#History) of the city of [Modena](/source/Modena) in the [Emilia-Romagna](/source/Emilia-Romagna) region of [Italy](/source/Italy).

## Prior to 18th century

- 218 BCE – [Siege of Mutina (218 BC)](/source/Siege_of_Mutina_(218_BC)).
- 193 BCE – [Battle of Mutina (193 BC)](/source/Battle_of_Mutina_(193_BC)) fought near town.
- 187 BCE – [Via Aemilia](/source/Via_Aemilia) built, passing through Mutina.[1]
- 183 BCE – Mutina becomes "seat of a Roman colony."[2]
- 78 BCE – Mutina besieged by forces of [Pompey](/source/Pompey) during the [Roman civil wars](/source/Roman_civil_wars).[2]
- 44 BCE – [War of Mutina](/source/War_of_Mutina) begins.
- 43 BCE – [Battle of Mutina](/source/Battle_of_Mutina) fought in vicinity of town.
- 312 CE – [Roman Catholic diocese of Modena](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Modena-Nonantola) established (approximate date).[3]
- 7th C. CE – Citta Geminiana established near Modena.[2]
- 872 – Leodoino becomes bishop.[1]
- 1054 – Eriberto becomes bishop.[1]
- 1099 – [Modena Cathedral](/source/Modena_Cathedral) construction begins.[2]
- 1175 – [University of Modena](/source/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia) founded.[2]
- 1179 – [Torre della Ghirlandina](/source/Torre_della_Ghirlandina) (Cathedral bell tower) set up.
- 1184 – [Modena Cathedral](/source/Modena_Cathedral) consecrated.[2]
- 1288 – [Obizzo II d'Este](/source/Obizzo_II_d'Este,_Marquis_of_Ferrara) in power; [Este](/source/House_of_Este) rule continues until 1796.[2]
- 1325 – Modenese forces fight the Bolognese in the [Battle of Zappolino](/source/Battle_of_Zappolino).
- 1336 – [House of Este](/source/House_of_Este) in power.[2]
- 1338 – [University of Modena](/source/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia) closes.
- 1348 – [Black Death](/source/Black_Death) plague outbreak.[4]
- 1452 – [Duchy of Modena and Reggio](/source/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio) established.[2]
- 1474 – [Printing press](/source/Global_spread_of_the_printing_press#Italy) in operation.[5]
- 1476 – [San Pietro church](/source/San_Pietro,_Modena) construction begins.[4]
- 1598 – [Biblioteca Estense](/source/Biblioteca_Estense) (library) relocated to Modena from Ferrara.[4]
- 1634 – [Ducal Palace of Modena](/source/Ducal_Palace_of_Modena) construction begins.[2]
- 1663 – [Sant'Agostino](/source/Sant'Agostino,_Modena) church refurbished.[2]
- 1671 – June: Earthquake.[6]
- 1677 – Demetrio Degni starts publishing its weekly gazette named *[Modona](/source/Modona_(newspaper))*, it lasted until 1701
- 1680 – [Accademia dei Dissonanti](/source/Accademia_dei_Dissonanti) founded.[7]
- 1683 – [University of Modena](/source/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia) reestablished.

## 18th–19th centuries

- 1703 – August: City occupied by French troops.[8]
- 1707 – February: French troops depart.[8]
- 1734 – July: City occupied by French troops.[8]
- 1736 – May: French troops depart.[8]
- 1742 – June: City occupied by Austrian troops.[8]
- 1749 – February: Austrian troops depart.[8]
- 1749 – 14 August: first issue of the newspaper [Il Messaggiere](/source/Il_Messaggiere), which lasted till 1859
- 1762 – Grande Ospedale Civile (hospital) built.[4]
- 1771 – Grande Albergo dei Poveri (poorhouse) built.[4]
- 1772 – [University of Modena and Reggio Emilia](/source/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia) re-established.
- 1797 – Modena becomes part of the French [client](/source/Client_state) [Cisalpine Republic](/source/Cisalpine_Republic).[9]
- 1815 – [Military Academy of Modena](/source/Military_Academy_of_Modena) active.
- 1816 – Fortifications dismantled.[2]
- 1841 – [Teatro Comunale Modena](/source/Teatro_Comunale_Modena) opens.
- 1859 - [Francis V, Duke of Modena](/source/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena) deposed.[4] - [Modena railway station](/source/Modena_railway_station) opens.
- 1860 – Modena becomes part of the [Kingdom of Sardinia](/source/Kingdom_of_Sardinia).[2]
- 1872 – [Verona-Modena railway](/source/Ferrovia_Verona-Mantova-Modena) begins operating.
- 1873 – [Modena Synagogue](/source/Modena_Synagogue) built.[10]
- 1877 – *Il Cittadino* newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1879 – [Modena Cathedral](/source/Modena_Cathedral) interior restored .[2]
- 1881 – [Modena tram system](/source/Trams_in_Modena) begins operating, with [horsecars](/source/Horsecar)
- 1888 – Teatro Storchi (theatre) built.[12]
- 1893 – [Modena-Maranello tramway](/source/Modena-Maranello_tramway) begins operating.
- 1897 – Population: 67,658.[13]

## 20th century

- 1906 – Population: 66,762.[2]
- 1911 – Population: 70,923.[14]
- 1912 - Electric [trams](/source/Trams_in_Modena) begin operating.[15] - [Modena F.C.](/source/Modena_F.C.) (football club) formed.
- 1913 – Cinema Scala built.[10]
- 1915 – Cinema Metropol built.[10]
- 1916 – [Ferrovia Ferrara-Modena](/source/Ferrovia_Ferrara-Modena) (railway) begins operating.
- 1920 – [Modena railway station](/source/Modena_railway_station) rebuilt.
- 1931 - [Mercato Albinelli](/source/Mercato_Albinelli) (market) opens.[15] - Population: 92,757.[8]
- 1936 – [Stadio Alberto Braglia](/source/Stadio_Alberto_Braglia) (stadium) opens.
- 1941 – AMCM (transit entity) formed.[15]
- 1950 - [Trolleybus system](/source/Trolleybuses_in_Modena) begins operating. - [Modena Autodrome](/source/Modena_Autodrome) racetrack opens.
- 1963 – [Policlinico di Modena](/source/Policlinico_di_Modena) (health clinic) established.
- 1966 – November: Flood.[15]
- 1967 – "[Superachitettura](/source/Archizoom_Associati)" exhibit held.[16][17]
- 1970 – Biblioteca civica Antonio Delfini (library) established.[18]
- 1971 – [Modena Airport](/source/Modena_Airport) opens.
- 1972 – September: Flood.[15]
- 1981 – *[Gazzetta di Modena](/source/Gazzetta_di_Modena)* newspaper begins publication.
- 1996 – 15 October: Earthquake.[15]([it](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoti_in_Italia_nel_XX_secolo))

## 21st century

- 2001 – [Azienda Trasporti Collettivi e Mobilità](/source/Azienda_Trasporti_Collettivi_e_Mobilit%C3%A0) (transit entity) established.
- 2012 – May: [Northern Italy earthquake sequence](/source/2012_Northern_Italy_earthquakes).
- 2013 – Population: 179,353.[19]
- 2014 - Flood.([it](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_di_alluvioni_e_inondazioni_in_Italia)) - [Gian Carlo Muzzarelli](/source/Gian_Carlo_Muzzarelli) becomes mayor.

## See also

- [History of Modena](/source/History_of_Modena)
- [List of mayors of Modena](/source/List_of_mayors_of_Modena)
- [List of bishops of Modena](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Modena-Nonantola#Bishops)
- [List of dukes of Ferrara and of Modena](/source/Duke_of_Ferrara_and_of_Modena), 1452–1859
- [State Archives of Modena](/source/State_Archives_of_Modena) ([state archives](/source/List_of_State_Archives_of_Italy))
- [History of Emilia (region of Italy)](/source/History_of_Emilia_(region_of_Italy))

Timelines of other cities in the [macroregion](/source/Regions_of_Italy#Macroregions) of [Northeast Italy](/source/Northeast_Italy):([it](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia_nord-orientale))

- Emilia-Romagna region: [Timeline of Bologna](/source/Timeline_of_Bologna); [Ferrara](/source/Timeline_of_Ferrara); [Forlì](/source/Timeline_of_Forl%C3%AC); [Parma](/source/Timeline_of_Parma); [Piacenza](/source/Timeline_of_Piacenza); [Ravenna](/source/Timeline_of_Ravenna); [Reggio Emilia](/source/Timeline_of_Reggio_Emilia); [Rimini](/source/Timeline_of_Rimini)
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia region: [Timeline of Trieste](/source/Timeline_of_Trieste)
- Trentino-South Tyrol region: [Timeline of Trento](/source/Timeline_of_Trento)
- Veneto region: [Timeline of Padua](/source/Timeline_of_Padua); [Treviso](/source/Timeline_of_Treviso); [Venice](/source/Timeline_of_Venice); [Verona](/source/Timeline_of_Verona); [Vicenza](/source/Timeline_of_Vicenza)

## References

1. "Modena". *[Oxford Art Online](/source/Oxford_Art_Online)* Retrieved 19 December 2016

1. Britannica 1910.

1. ["Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy"](http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/italy). Norway: [Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Oslo). Retrieved 17 December 2016.

1. Wood 1995.

1. Robert Proctor (1898). ["Books Printed From Types: Italy: Modena"](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450631?urlappend=%3Bseq=505). *Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum*. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. [hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631?urlappend=%3Bseq=505](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450631?urlappend=%253Bseq=505)

1. Mario Baratta (1901). [*I terremoti d'Italia*](https://books.google.com/books?id=LIi7AAAAIAAJ) [Earthquakes in Italy] (in Italian). Turin: [Fratelli Bocca](/source/Fratelli_Bocca) (includes chronology)

1. James E. McClellan (1985). [*Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UXrpGZ6zsH8C). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.

1. Treccani 1934.

1. Haydn 1910.

1. ["Le Città sostenibili: Storia, Natura, Ambiente"](http://www.comune.modena.it/lecittasostenibili) [The Sustainable City] (in Italian). Comune di Modena. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

1. Bernardini 1890.

1. Tardini 1899.

1. Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1899). ["Italy"](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=1081). *Statesman's Year-Book*. London: Macmillan and Co. [hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=1081](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%253Bseq=1081). – via HathiTrust.

1. ["Italy"](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368374?urlappend=%3Bseq=1107). *Statesman's Year-Book*. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. [hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374?urlappend=%3Bseq=1107](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368374?urlappend=%253Bseq=1107)

1. ["Cronologia essenziale del '900"](http://www.comune.modena.it/lecittasostenibili/annale-del-900-la-citta-e-lambiente/cronologia-1) [Timeline of the 20th century] (in Italian). *Le Città sostenibili: Storia, Natura, Ambiente*. Comune di Modena. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

1. Gino Moliterno (ed.) (2005 [2000]). [*Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4wOGAgAAQBAJ). Routledge. ISBN 0203440250.

1. ["Italian Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events"](http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/eust.html). *Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History*. New York: [Metropolitan Museum of Art](/source/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art). Retrieved 7 January 2017.

1. ["(Comune: Modena)"](http://anagrafe.iccu.sbn.it/opencms/opencms/) (in Italian). *[Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagrafe_delle_biblioteche_italiane)*. [Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico](/source/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico). Retrieved 17 December 2016.

1. ["Resident Population"](http://demo.istat.it/pop2013/index_e.html). *Demo-Geodemo*. [Istituto Nazionale di Statistica](/source/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)). Retrieved 17 December 2016.

*This article incorporates information from the [Italian Wikipedia](/source/Italian_Wikipedia).*

## Bibliography

### in English

- [William Smith](/source/William_Smith_(lexicographer)) (ed.) (1872 [1854]). ["Mutina"](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.ah5cur?urlappend=%3Bseq=397). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography*. London: John Murray. [hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur?urlappend=%3Bseq=397](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.ah5cur?urlappend=%253Bseq=397)
- ["Modena"](https://archive.org/stream/hand00bookfortravejohnrich#page/452/mode/2up), "Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy", 16th ed., London: [John Murray](/source/Murray's_Handbooks_for_Travellers), 1897, [OCLC 2231483](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2231483)
- [Ismar Elbogen](/source/Ismar_Elbogen) (1904), ["Modena"](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.49015002282243?urlappend=%3Bseq=668), "Jewish Encyclopedia", Vol. 8, [hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282243?urlappend=%3Bseq=668](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.49015002282243?urlappend=%253Bseq=668)
- Vol. 18. 1910. pp. 641–642.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), ["Modena"](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t?urlappend=%3Bseq=927), "Haydn's Dictionary of Dates", 25th ed., London: Ward, Lock & Co., [hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t?urlappend=%3Bseq=927](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t?urlappend=%253Bseq=927)
- Edward Hutton (1912), ["Modena"](https://archive.org/stream/citiesoflombardy00huttrich#page/288/mode/2up), "Cities of Lombardy", New York: Macmillan
- ["Modena"](https://archive.org/stream/northernitalyi00karl#page/n639/mode/2up), "Northern Italy", 14th ed., Leipzig: [Karl Baedeker](/source/List_of_Baedeker_Guides), 1913 (+ [1870 ed.](https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfor04karl#page/222/mode/2up))
- Riso, Federica Maria (4 May 2023). *Roman funerary rituals in Mutina (Modena, Italy): a multidisciplinary approach*. Oxford: Archaeopress. ISBN 9781803274799.
- Beth F. Wood (1995). ["Modena"](https://books.google.com/books?id=74JI2UlcU8AC). *Southern Europe*. Vol. 3. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Trudy Ring & Robert M. Salkin (eds.). Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 444–448. ISBN 1884964052.
- Christopher Kleinhenz (ed.) (2004). ["Modena"](https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ). *Medieval Italy: an Encyclopedia*. Routledge. ISBN 0415939291.

### in Italian

- L. Vedriani (1666). *Historia di Modena* (in Italian)
- [Girolamo Tiraboschi](/source/Girolamo_Tiraboschi) (ed.) (1825). ["Mutina"](https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA121). *Dizionario topografico storico degli stati estensi* (in Italian)
- C. Campori (1864). *Del governo a comune in Modena*
- Nicola Bernardini (ed.) (1890). ["Provincia di Modena"](https://books.google.com/books?id=hJBJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA545). *Guida della stampa periodica italiana* (in Italian). Lecce: R. Tipografia editrice salentina dei fratelli Spacciante. p. 545+.
- Vicenzo Tardini. [*I teatri di Modena*](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008602834) (in Italian). G.T. Vincenzi e nipoti. 1899–1902 (3 volumes)
- E. P. Vicini (1913). *I podestà di Modena (1556–1796)*
- ["Modena"](http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/modena_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)), "Enciclopedia Italiana" (in Italian), 1934

## External links

- ["Archivio Storico del Comune di Modena"](http://www.comune.modena.it/archivio-storico) (in Italian). Comune di Modena. (city archives)
- [Items related to Modena](https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Modena+Italy&rows=96), various dates (via [Europeana](/source/Europeana))
- [Items related to Modena](http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Modena+Italy&utf8=✓), various dates (via [Digital Public Library of America](/source/Digital_Public_Library_of_America))

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Timeline of Modena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Modena) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Modena?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.