# Timeline of Hama

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{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
The following is a [timeline](/source/%3ACategory%3ACity_timelines) of the [history](/source/Hamah) of the city of [Hama](/source/Hama), [Syria](/source/Syria).
{{Dynamic list}}
{{TOC right}}

==Prior to 7th century==
{{History of Syria}}

* 11th century BCE – Town is "capital of [Aramean](/source/Aramean) kingdom of Hamath."{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian [Shalmaneser II](/source/Shalmaneser_II).{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
* 740 BCE – Uprising.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
* 720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by [Sargon](/source/Sargon_II)."{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 540 BCE – [Persians](/source/Persian_Empire) in power (approximate date).
* 64 BCE – Town becomes part of the [Roman province of Syria](/source/Syria_(Roman_province)).

==7th–19th centuries==
* 639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim [Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah](/source/Abu_Ubaidah_ibn_al-Jarrah).{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 637 – [Great Mosque](/source/Great_Mosque_of_Hama) built.<ref name=archnet />
* 10th century – [Hamdanid](/source/Hamdanid)s in power.
* 968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of [Nicephorus Phocas](/source/Nikephoros_II_Phokas).{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 11th century – Town sacked by [Mirdasid](/source/Mirdasid) forces.
* 1108 – [Tancred, Prince of Galilee](/source/Tancred%2C_Prince_of_Galilee) takes town.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 1114 – [Seljuks](/source/Great_Seljuq_Empire) in power.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 1157 – [Earthquake](/source/1157_Hama_earthquake).{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}}
* 1172 – [Nur al-Din Mosque](/source/Nur_al-Din_Mosque) built.
* 1175 – [Saladin](/source/Saladin) takes town from [Zangids](/source/Zangids).{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 1178 – [Al-Muzaffar I Umar](/source/Al-Muzaffar_I_Umar) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 1191 – [Al-Mansur I Muhammad](/source/Al-Mansur_I_Muhammad) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1221 – [Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan](/source/Al-Nasir_Kilij_Arslan) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1229 – [Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud](/source/Al-Muzaffar_II_Mahmud) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1244 – [Al-Mansur Muhammad II](/source/Al-Mansur_Muhammad_II) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1260 – Town [sacked](/source/Mongol_invasions_of_Syria) by Mongols.
* 1284 – [Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud](/source/Al-Muzaffar_III_Mahmud) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1299 – Mamluks in power.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 1310 – Ayyubid [Abu al-Fida](/source/Abu_al-Fida) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}}
* 1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.<ref name=archnet />
* 1326 – [Abu'l-Fida Mosque](/source/Abu'l-Fida_Mosque) built.<ref name=archnet>{{cite web |author=ArchNet.org |publisher=MIT School of Architecture and Planning |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |url=http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1723 |title=Hama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042029/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1723 |archive-date=24 October 2012  }}</ref>
* 1331 – [Al-Afdal Muhammad](/source/Al-Afdal_Muhammad) becomes [Emir of Hama](/source/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers).
* 1400 – [Timurlane](/source/Timurlane) takes town.
* 1453 – al-Mamunye ([water wheel](/source/Norias_of_Hama)) constructed.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* 1516 – [Ottoman Turks](/source/Ottoman_Empire) in power.
* 1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* 1742 – [Azm Palace](/source/Azm_Palace_(Hama)) built.
* 1858 – Population: 30,000.{{sfn|Murray|1858}}
* 1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the [Vilayet of Sham](/source/Vilayet_of_Sham).{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}}
* 1875 – Cholera outbreak.{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}}
* 1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 0195061039 |publication-place = New York |title = Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria |author = David Dean Commins |date = 11 August 1990 |publication-date = 1990 |id = 0195061039 }}</ref>

==20th century==

* 1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
* 1902 – [Rayak](/source/Rayak_(Riyaq))-Hama railway begins operating.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Railway Age |title=Railway developments in Syria |year=1904 |location=Chicago }}</ref>
* 1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine |author=Lewis R. Freeman |journal= Railway Age Gazette |location=New York |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bElAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA199 }}</ref>
* 1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.<ref name=moubayed2006>{{Citation |publisher = Cune Press |location=Seattle, USA |isbn = 9781885942401 |title = Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000 |author = Sami Moubayed |date=11 August 2023 |publication-date =2006 }}</ref>
* 1918 – Town becomes part of [French Mandate of Syria](/source/French_Mandate_of_Syria).
* 1925 – [1925 Hama uprising](/source/1925_Hama_uprising), early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by [Fawzi al-Qawuqji](/source/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji) against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the [Great Syrian Revolt](/source/Great_Syrian_Revolt).{{sfn|Bou-Nacklie|1998}}
* 1930 – Population: 60,000.<ref name=commins2004>{{Citation |publisher = [Scarecrow Press](/source/Scarecrow_Press) |publication-place = Lanham, Maryland |title = Historical Dictionary of Syria |author = David Dean Commins |publication-date = 2004 |edition=2nd }}</ref>
* 1941 – [Al-Taliya Sport Club](/source/Taliya_SC) formed.
* 1945 – [Al-Nawair Sport Club](/source/Nawair_SC) formed.
* 1946 – City becomes part of independent [Syrian Republic](/source/First_Syrian_Republic).
* 1960 – Population: 97,390.<ref name=helders>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-202 |title=Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |work=World Gazetteer |publisher=Stefan Helders |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412044615/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-202 |archive-date=12 April 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
* 1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Mufti|title=Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1996|isbn=0801431689|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/sovereigncreatio00muft}}</ref>
* 1964
** April: [Conflict](/source/1964_Hama_riot) between [Muslim Brotherhood](/source/Muslim_Brotherhood) and Baath leaders.<ref name=commins2004 />
** Population: 131,630 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=[Statistical Office of the United Nations](/source/Statistical_Office_of_the_United_Nations) |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}</ref>
* 1970 – Population: 137,421.<ref name=helders />
* 1980 – February: [Islamist uprising](/source/Islamic_uprising_in_Syria)<ref name=bbc-timeline /> 
* 1981 – April: [1981 Hama massacre](/source/1981_Hama_massacre).
* 1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against [Hafez al-Assad](/source/Hafez_al-Assad) government; [crackdown](/source/1982_Hama_massacre).<ref name=bbc-timeline>{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703995 |title=Syria Profile: Timeline |date=28 August 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Historical Atlas of Islam |year=2004 |publisher=Cartographica |author=Malise Ruthven }}</ref>
* 1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs](/source/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs), Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
* 1989 – Apamea Cham Palace Hotel built.<ref name=archnet />

==21st century==
{{see also|Timeline of the Syrian Civil War}}

* 2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).<ref name=helders />
* 2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).<ref>{{citation |chapter=Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}</ref>
* 2011
** 15 March–3 July: [Mass demonstrations](/source/2011_Syrian_uprising).<ref name=bbc-timeline /><ref>{{cite web |title='Half a million' protest on streets of Hama |work= Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/07/2011780473138345.html |date=8 July 2011  }}</ref>
** 3 July–4 August: [Army crackdown](/source/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)) on protesters.<ref>{{cite web |title=UN council condemns use of force by Syria |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/08/201183175446100290.html |date=4 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria: President Bashar al-Assad sacks governor of Hama |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14000995?print=true |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=BBC News |date=2 July 2011}}</ref>
**September–December: [Hama Governorate clashes](/source/Hama_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932012))<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14738385 | work=BBC News | title=Syria unrest: Hama legal chief 'resigns over killings' | date=1 September 2011}}</ref>
* 2012 
**14 April: City under full [SAA](/source/Syrian_Army) control
**25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blast in Syria's Hama kills many |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/04/2012425223022589689.html |date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name=britannica2013>{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref>
* 2012/13 
**Autumn–spring: Rebels in control of Hamidiyah, Tariq Halab and Al-Arbain neighbourhoods<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-hama-idUSBRE93O0I020130425|title=Syria rebels launch attack in central Hama after months of calm|work=Reuters|date=25 April 2013 |access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref>
* 2013 
**25 April–15 June: Rest of the city captured by SAA during [2013 Hama offensive](/source/2013_Hama_offensive).<ref>{{cite web |title=Fierce fighting rages across Syria  |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/01/201311716944605506.html |date=18 January 2013 }}</ref>
*2024
**30 November–5 December: [Syrian opposition](/source/Syrian_opposition) forces captured the city following [fierce clashes](/source/2024_Hama_offensive).<ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian rebels capture second major city as army withdraws from Hama |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/05/middleeast/syria-rebels-hama-government-intl/index.html |access-date=5 December 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=5 December 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [Timelines](/source/%3ACategory%3ACity_timelines) of other [cities](/source/List_of_cities_in_Syria) in Syria: [Aleppo](/source/Timeline_of_Aleppo), [Damascus](/source/Timeline_of_Damascus), [Homs](/source/Timeline_of_Homs), [Latakia](/source/Timeline_of_Latakia)

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
;Published in 19th century
* {{cite book |author=Abraham Rees |author-link=Abraham Rees |title=[The Cyclopædia](/source/Rees's_Cyclop%C3%A6dia) |year=1819 |location=London |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002000542#page/276/mode/2up |chapter=Hamah 
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = J.Duncan |publication-place = London |title = The Modern Traveller |author = Josiah Conder |author-link=Josiah Conder (editor and author) |publication-date =1830 |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/moderntraveller20condiala#page/350/mode/2up |chapter=(Hamah) 
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine |publication-date = 1858 |oclc = 2300777 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3kNTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA620 |chapter=Hamah 
|year = 1858 | ref = {{harvid|Murray|1858}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsig |title = Palestine and Syria |publication-date = 1876 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qoIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA557 |chapter = Hama 
|year = 1876 | ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1876}}
}}

;Published in 20th century
* {{Citation |publisher = W. & R. Chambers |publication-date = 1901 |publication-place = London |title = Chambers's Encyclopaedia |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/chamberssency05lond#page/526/mode/2up |chapter= Hamah 
|year = 1901 | ref = {{harvid|Chambers|1901}}
}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Hamah |volume= 12 | page = 869 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964039 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |publication-date = 1996 |chapter=Hama 
}}
* {{cite journal |title=Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt |author= N. E. Bou-Nacklie |journal= Journal of Contemporary History |volume=33 |year=1998 
|issue= 2 |pages= 273–289 |doi= 10.1177/002200949803300206 |s2cid= 159788188 | ref = {{harvid|Bou-Nacklie|1998}}
}}

;Published in 21st century
* {{Citation |publisher = [ABC-CLIO](/source/ABC-CLIO) |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter=Hamah |author=J.L. Whitaker |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008 
| ref = {{harvid|Whitaker|2008}}
}}
* {{cite book |chapter=Hama |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press 
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|History of Hama}}

{{Coord|35|08|N|36|45|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}}
{{Hama Governorate|hama}}
{{Cities of Syria}}
{{Syria year nav}}

Category:Years in Syria
Category:History of Hama
Hama

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Timeline of Hama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Hama) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Hama?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.