# Timeline of Cologne > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Timeline_of_Cologne > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Timeline_of_Cologne.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Cologne > Source revision: 1319593160 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Timeline of Cologne, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany The following is a timeline of the [history](/source/History_of_Cologne) of the city of [Cologne](/source/Cologne), [Germany](/source/Germany). This is a [dynamic list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists) and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by [editing the page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Timeline_of_Cologne) to add missing items, with references to [reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources). ## Prior to the 14th century Part of a series on the History of Germany Topics Chronology Historiography Military Economy LGBT Judaism Women Territorial evolution Historic states (Holy Roman Empire) Monarchs (Queens, Empresses, 1918, Family tree, Austria, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony, Württemberg, Mediatised) Early history Linear Pottery culture Únětice culture Urnfield culture Germanic peoples Migration Period Barbarian kingdoms Frankish Empire Middle Ages East Francia Kingdom of Germany Holy Roman Empire Eastward settlement Early Modern period Sectionalism 18th century Kingdom of Prussia Unification Mediatisation Confederation of the Rhine German Confederation Vormärz Zollverein Revolutions of 1848 North German Confederation German Reich German Empire 1871–1918 World War I 1914–1918 Weimar Republic 1918–1933 Nazi Germany 1933–1945 World War II 1939–1945 Contemporary Germany Occupation Ostgebiete 1945–1949/1952 Expulsion of Germans 1944–1950 West–East division 1949–1990 Reunification New states 1990 Modern history since 1990 Germany portal History portal v t e - 13 CE - [Germanicus](/source/Germanicus) headquartered in Cologne. - 15 CE - Town becomes administrative capital of [Germania Inferior](/source/Germania_Inferior) (approximate date). - 50 CE - Romans establish [Colonia](/source/Colonia_Claudia_Ara_Agrippinensium).[1] - 80 CE - [Eifel Aqueduct](/source/Eifel_Aqueduct) built. - 90 CE - Population: 45,000. - 260 - Cologne becomes capital of [Gallic Empire](/source/Gallic_Empire). - 310 - Bridge built over Rhine. - 313 - [Catholic diocese of Cologne](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne) established (approximate date).[2] - 451 - The Huns under Attila sack Cologne. - 459 - [Ripuarian Franks](/source/Ripuarian_Franks) take power. - 475 - Becomes the residence of the Frankish king [Childeric I](/source/Childeric_I).[1] - 716 - [Battle of Cologne](/source/Battle_of_Cologne). - 795 - City becomes Archbishop's see. - 960 - [Great St. Martin Church](/source/Great_St._Martin_Church%2C_Cologne) founded.[1] - 974 - [St. Andreas Church](/source/St._Andreas_Church%2C_Cologne) consecrated. - 980 - [Church of St. Pantaleon](/source/Church_of_St._Pantaleon) consecrated. - 1003 - [Deutz Abbey](/source/Deutz_Abbey) founded. - 1065 - [St. Maria im Kapitol](/source/St._Maria_im_Kapitol) built. - 1106 - [Church of the Holy Virgins](/source/Basilica_of_St._Ursula) built (approximate date).[3] - 1114 - [Coat of arms of Cologne](/source/Coat_of_arms_of_Cologne) in use. - 1160 - [St. Cäcilien](/source/St._C%C3%A4cilien) church built (approximate date). - 1182 - City expands with suburbs and ramparts.[1] - 1184 - [Richerzeche](/source/Richerzeche) formed (approximate date). - 1201 - The city joined the [Hanseatic League](/source/Hanseatic_League).[1] - 1227 - [St. Gereon's Basilica](/source/St._Gereon's_Basilica) built. - 1247 - [St. Kunibert](/source/St._Kunibert_(Cologne)) church consecrated. - 1248 - [Cologne Cathedral](/source/Cologne_Cathedral) construction begins.[1] - 1250 - [Great St. Martin Church](/source/Great_St._Martin_Church) built. - 1259 - [Konrad von Hochstaden](/source/Konrad_von_Hochstaden) ([Archbishop of Cologne](/source/Archbishop_of_Cologne)) expels the [Richerzeche](/source/Richerzeche).[1] - 1260 - Church of the Minorites built (approximate date).[4] - 1288 - [Battle of Worringen](/source/Battle_of_Worringen). ## 14th–18th centuries Map of Cologne, 1633 - 1322 - [Cologne Cathedral](/source/Cologne_Cathedral) choir consecrated. - [Municipal archive](/source/Historical_Archive_of_the_City_of_Cologne) in operation (approximate date). - 1334 - [Cologne Charterhouse](/source/Cologne_Charterhouse) founded. - 1388 - [University of Cologne](/source/University_of_Cologne) established.[1] - 1396 - Constitution of Cologne in effect.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] - 1400 - [Gothic](/source/International_Gothic) artist known as "[Master of Saint Veronica](/source/Master_of_Saint_Veronica)" active (approximate date).[5] - 1414 - [Jews](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cologne) expelled.[1] - 1447 - [Gürzenich](/source/G%C3%BCrzenich) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrzenich)] built.[1] - 1450 - [Dreikönigsgymnasium](/source/Dreik%C3%B6nigsgymnasium) founded. - 1466 - [Ulrich Zell](/source/Ulrich_Zell) sets up [printing press](/source/Global_spread_of_the_printing_press).[6] - 1473 - Work on [Cologne Cathedral](/source/Cologne_Cathedral) west front and towers suspended until 19th century - 1475 - City becomes [free imperial city](/source/Free_Imperial_City_of_Cologne). - 1569 - [Cologne City Hall](/source/Cologne_City_Hall) building expanded.[7] - 1583/88 - [Cologne War](/source/Cologne_War) a religious conflict. - 1584 - [Apostolic Nuncio](/source/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Cologne) established. - 1586 - [Battle of Werl](/source/Battle_of_Werl_(1586)). - 1608 - Protestants banished.[4] - 1626 - Bertram Hilden sets up [printing business](/source/M._DuMont_Schauberg). - [Witch trials](/source/Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period) begin (approximate date).[8] - 1709 - [Eau de Cologne](/source/Eau_de_Cologne) launched by [Giovanni Maria Farina](/source/Giovanni_Maria_Farina). - 1734 - *[Gazette de Cologne](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazette_de_Cologne&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazette_de_Cologne)]* begins publication. - 1783 - Theater an der Schmierstraße built. - 1794 - Population: 40,000.[1] - 1795 - [City directory](/source/City_directory) published.[9] - 1796 - City annexed by [French First Republic](/source/French_First_Republic). - 1798 - [University of Cologne](/source/University_of_Cologne) closes.[1] - *[Kölnische Zeitung](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6lnische_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lnische_Zeitung)]* newspaper begins publication. This article is part of a series on the City of Cologne History Timeline Culture Mayors Demographics Districts Transport Streets v t e ## 19th century - 1801 - [Treaty of Lunéville](/source/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville) incorporates the city into France.[1] - 1802 - [Hänneschen](/source/H%C3%A4nneschen-Theater) puppet theatre founded.[10] - 1815 - [Prussians](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia) take power, viz [Congress of Vienna](/source/Congress_of_Vienna).[4][1] - 1823 - [Rosenmontag](/source/Rosenmontag) (carnival) begins.[11] - 1827 - [Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne](/source/G%C3%BCrzenich_Orchestra_Cologne) formed. - 1839 - [Stollwerck](/source/Stollwerck) confectionery established.[11] - 1840 - [Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne](/source/G%C3%BCrzenich_Orchestra_Cologne) active.[12] - 1842 - *[Rheinische Zeitung](/source/Rheinische_Zeitung)* begins publication. - *[Central-Dombauverein zu Köln](/source/Zentral-Dombauverein_zu_K%C3%B6ln_von_1842)* (Central Cathedral Building Society) recommences construction work on [Cologne Cathedral](/source/Cologne_Cathedral) after 400 years. - 1848 - *[Neue Rheinische Zeitung](/source/Neue_Rheinische_Zeitung)* begins publication. - 1849 - Population: 94,789 in city; 497,330 in [region](/source/Cologne_(region)).[13] - 1850 - [Conservatorium der Musik](/source/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_und_Tanz_K%C3%B6ln) founded. - 1853 - [Diözesanmuseum](/source/Kolumba) founded. - 1857 - [Hotel du Dome](/source/Dom-Hotel) opens. - 1859 - [Cathedral Bridge](/source/Cathedral_Bridge) built.[14] - [Köln Hauptbahnhof](/source/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof) opens. - 1860 - [Zoo](/source/Cologne_Zoological_Garden) founded. - 1861 - [Wallraf-Richartz Museum](/source/Wallraf-Richartz_Museum)[14] and [Glockengasse Synagogue](/source/Glockengasse_Synagogue) built. - Population: 120,568 in city; 567,435 in [region](/source/Cologne_(region)).[15] - 1863 - [Hotel Ernst](/source/Excelsior_Hotel_Ernst) opens. - 1864 - [Flora park](/source/Flora_und_Botanischer_Garten_K%C3%B6ln) laid out. - 1872 - Theater in der [Glockengasse](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glockengasse&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glockengasse)] built. - Zimmermann bakery in business.[16] - 1874 - [Wolkenburg (Köln)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolkenburg_(K%C3%B6ln)&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolkenburg_(K%C3%B6ln))] restored.[1] - 1876 - *[Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger](/source/K%C3%B6lner_Stadt-Anzeiger)* begins publication. - 1877 - [Cologne Stadtbahn](/source/Cologne_Stadtbahn) opens. - 1880 - [Cologne Cathedral](/source/Cologne_Cathedral) completed. - 1885 - Population: 239,437.[1] - City walls dismantled.[1] - 1888 - [Bayenthal](/source/Bayenthal), [Ehrenfeld](/source/Ehrenfeld%2C_Cologne), [Lindenthal](/source/Lindenthal%2C_Cologne) and [Nippes](/source/Nippes%2C_Cologne) incorporated into city.[4] Cologne in the 1890s - 1890 - [Public Library](/source/Cologne_Public_Library) established. - 1894 - [Main station](/source/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof) rebuilt. - 1900 - Population: 370,685.[1] ## 20th century ### 1900-1945 - 1902 - Theater am Habsburger Ring built. - 1904 - [Oper der Stadt Köln](/source/Cologne_Opera) formed. - 1905 - Population: 428,503.[1] - 1906 - [Schnütgen Museum](/source/Schn%C3%BCtgen_Museum) founded. - 1908 - 21 September: Mathematician [Minkowski](/source/Hermann_Minkowski) delivers "Raum und Zeit" lecture on [spacetime](/source/Minkowski_space). - 1910 - [Kalk](/source/Kalk%2C_Cologne) and [Vingst](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vingst&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingst)] incorporated into city.[4] - Population: 516,527. - 1911 - [Hohenzollern Bridge](/source/Hohenzollern_Bridge) built. - 1913 - [Rheinpark](/source/Rheinpark) and [Köln Messe/Deutz station](/source/K%C3%B6ln_Messe%2FDeutz_station) open. - 1914 - [Werkbund Exhibition](/source/Werkbund_Exhibition_(1914)) held.[17] - 1917 - [Konrad Adenauer](/source/Konrad_Adenauer) becomes mayor. - 1919 - Consulate of Poland opens.[18] - Population: 633,904.[19] - 1921 - [Jawne](/source/Jawne) school built. - 1925 - Population: 705,477. - 1926 - [Airport](/source/Cologne_Butzweilerhof_Airport) opens. - [Kölner Werkschulen](/source/K%C3%B6lner_Werkschulen) established. - 1928 - [Messeturm Köln](/source/Messeturm_K%C3%B6ln) built. - Polish Consulate relocated to [Frankfurt](/source/Frankfurt), and replaced by a Polish Consular Agency in Cologne.[18] - 1930 - Polish Consular Agency closed.[18] - November: Flood. - 1934 - [University of Cologne](/source/University_of_Cologne) reopens. - 1938 - [Kristallnacht](/source/Kristallnacht). - 1939 - Nazi camp for [Sinti](/source/Sinti) and [Romani people](/source/Romani_people) established (see also *[Porajmos](/source/Porajmos)*).[20] - 1940 - [Bombing](/source/Bombing_of_Cologne_in_World_War_II) begins. - 1942 - III [SS construction brigade](/source/SS_construction_brigade) ([forced labour](/source/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II) camp) established by the [SS](/source/SS). Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviets.[21] - 1944 - May: III SS construction brigade camp relocated to [Wieda](/source/Wieda).[21] - 12 August: [Ford-Werke](/source/Ford-Werke) [subcamp](/source/List_of_subcamps_of_Buchenwald) of the [Buchenwald concentration camp](/source/Buchenwald_concentration_camp) established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[22] - 15 August: Köln Stadt subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Eastern Europeans.[23] - 27 September: Westwaggon subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets.[24] - 25 October: Köln Stadt subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[23] - November: [Ehrenfeld Group](/source/Ehrenfeld_Group) executed. - November: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade [subcamp](/source/List_of_subcamps_of_Mittelbau) of the [Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp](/source/Mittelbau-Dora_concentration_camp) based in Cologne.[25] Overview of Cologne, April 1945 - 1945 - February: Ford-Werke subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[22] - February: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp relocated from Cologne.[25] - March: Westwaggon subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Many prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp, dozens managed to escape.[24] - American troops capture city. ### 1946-1990s - 1946 - *[Kölnische Rundschau](/source/K%C3%B6lnische_Rundschau)* begins publication. - 1947 - 27 March: Food protest.[26] - [Sport University](/source/German_Sport_University_Cologne) founded. - [Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk orchestra](/source/WDR_Symphony_Orchestra_Cologne) formed. - 1949 - *[Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger](/source/K%C3%B6lner_Stadt-Anzeiger)* resumes publication. - [Cologne Furniture Fair](/source/Imm_Cologne) begins. - 1950 - [Photokina](/source/Photokina_1950) trade fair begins. - 1951 - [Cologne Bonn Airport](/source/Cologne_Bonn_Airport) opens. - 1954 - [Italian Cultural Institute](/source/Istituto_Italiano_di_Cultura) in Cologne founded.[27] - [Cappella Coloniensis](/source/Cappella_Coloniensis) formed. - 1955 - February–March: City co-hosts the [1955 Ice Hockey World Championships](/source/1955_Ice_Hockey_World_Championships). - [Gaffel Haus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaffel_Haus&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel_Haus)] rebuilt. - 1957 - [Central Station](/source/Cologne_Central_Station) rebuilt. - [Opera house](/source/Cologne_Opera) built. - [Cable Car](/source/Cologne_Cable_Car) begins operating. - City hosts [Bundesgartenschau](/source/Bundesgartenschau) (national horticulture biennial).[28] - 1960 - [Stadtwerke Köln](/source/Stadtwerke_K%C3%B6ln) established. - Population: 803,616. - 1964 - *[Express (German newspaper)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Express_(German_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_(Zeitung))]* newspaper begins publication. - [School massacre](/source/Cologne_school_massacre). - [Forstbotanischer Garten](/source/Forstbotanischer_Garten_K%C3%B6ln) created. - 1967 - [Kölner Kunstmarkt](/source/Art_Cologne) begins. - 1971 - [Cologne University of Applied Sciences](/source/Cologne_University_of_Applied_Sciences) formed. - 1973 - [Association of Islamic Cultural Centres](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Islamic_Cultural_Centres&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verband_der_Islamischen_Kulturzentren)] headquartered in city.[29] - 1976 - [Gebühreneinzugszentrale](/source/Geb%C3%BChreneinzugszentrale) and [Museum Ludwig](/source/Museum_Ludwig) established. - 1977 - [Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Anlagen-_und_Reaktorsicherheit&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Anlagen-_und_Reaktorsicherheit)] headquartered in city.[30] - 1981 - [Colonius](/source/Colonius) tower built. Flood in 1983 - 1983 - April: Flood. - [Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch](/source/Akademie_f%C3%B6r_uns_K%C3%B6lsche_Sproch) established. - 1984 - [Centrum Schwule Geschichte](/source/Centrum_Schwule_Geschichte) established. - [Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs](/source/Turkish-Islamic_Union_for_Religious_Affairs) headquartered in city.[29] - [Feminale](/source/Feminale) film festival begins. - 1985 - [Käthe Kollwitz Museum](/source/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz_Museum_(Cologne)) opens. - [St. George's School](/source/St._George's_School%2C_Cologne) founded. - 1986 - [Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Council_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamrat_f%C3%BCr_die_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland)] headquartered in city.[29] - 1988 - [NS Documentation Center](/source/EL-DE_Haus) established. - 1990 - [Academy of Media Arts Cologne](/source/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne) established. - 1991 - [Cologne Conference](/source/Cologne_Conference) (television and film festival) and [Cologne Comedy Festival](/source/Cologne_Comedy_Festival) begin. - 1992 - Cologne Festival of Early Music begins. - 1993 - [Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum](/source/Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum) opens. - [Cologne Business School](/source/Cologne_Business_School) established. - [Ringfest](/source/Ringfest) begins. - 1994 - [Central Council of Muslims in Germany](/source/Central_Council_of_Muslims_in_Germany) headquartered in city.[29] - 1996 - [Summerjam](/source/Summerjam) reggae festival begins. - 1998 - September: City hosts the [1998 World Rowing Championships](/source/1998_World_Rowing_Championships). - [Lanxess Arena](/source/Lanxess_Arena) opens. - 1999 - City website online (approximate date).[31][*[chronology citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Timeline_Tracer/Chronology_source_needed)*] - [25th G8 summit](/source/25th_G8_summit) held in Cologne. - 2000 - [Internationale Filmschule Köln](/source/Internationale_Filmschule_K%C3%B6ln) established. - Population: 962,884. ## 21st century - 2001 - April–May: City co-hosts the [2001 IIHF World Championship](/source/2001_IIHF_World_Championship). - [KölnTurm](/source/K%C3%B6lnTurm) built. - [Zentralarchiv des internationalen Kunsthandels](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zentralarchiv_des_internationalen_Kunsthandels&action=edit&redlink=1) [[de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralarchiv_des_internationalen_Kunsthandels)] (archives) headquartered in Cologne. - 2002 - [Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line](/source/K%C3%B6ln%E2%80%93Frankfurt_high-speed_rail_line) begins operating. - 2004 - 9 June: [Bombing](/source/2004_Cologne_bombing). - [MediaPark](/source/MediaPark) constructed. - 2005 - City hosts Catholic [World Youth Day](/source/World_Youth_Day_2005). - [Weltstadthaus](/source/Weltstadthaus_(Cologne)) built. - 2006 - [International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Women%27s_Film_Festival_Dortmund/Cologne&action=edit&redlink=1) begins. - [KölnTriangle](/source/K%C3%B6lnTriangle) built. - 2009 - [Jürgen Roters](/source/J%C3%BCrgen_Roters) becomes mayor.[32] - 2010 - Population: 1,007,119 - 2014 - [Rainer Maria Cardinal Woelki](/source/Rainer_Maria_Cardinal_Woelki) succeeds [Joachim Cardinal Meisner](/source/Joachim_Cardinal_Meisner) as archbishop of Cologne - 2015 - [Henriette Reker](/source/Henriette_Reker) becomes first female mayor of Cologne, one day after an assassination attempt on her at a market in [Braunsfeld](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braunsfeld&action=edit&redlink=1) - 2015-2016 - [2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany](/source/2015-16_New_Year's_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany) - 2017 - May: City co-hosts the [2017 IIHF World Championship](/source/2017_IIHF_World_Championship). - [Cologne Central Mosque](/source/Cologne_Central_Mosque) is completed. - 2018 - January: Flood. - 13 June: [Terrorist plot](/source/2018_Cologne_terrorist_plot) foiled. - 15 October: [2018 Cologne attack](/source/2018_Cologne_attack) - 2025 - 1 November: [Torsten Burmester](/source/Torsten_Burmester) (SPD) becomes mayor of Cologne. ## See also - [History of Cologne](/source/History_of_Cologne) - [List of mayors of Cologne](/source/List_of_mayors_of_Cologne) - [Elector of Cologne](/source/Elector_of_Cologne) - [Timelines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Timelines_of_cities_in_Germany) of other [cities](/source/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population) in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:([de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_St%C3%A4dte_und_Gemeinden_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen)) [Aachen](/source/Timeline_of_Aachen), [Bonn](/source/Timeline_of_Bonn), [Dortmund](/source/Timeline_of_Dortmund), [Duisburg](/source/Timeline_of_Duisburg), [Düsseldorf](/source/Timeline_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf), [Essen](/source/Timeline_of_Essen), [Münster](/source/Timeline_of_M%C3%BCnster) ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-17) [***s***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritannica1910_1-18) [Britannica 1910](#CITEREFBritannica1910). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-katolsk_2-0)** ["Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany"](http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/germany). Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Albert Gereon Stein (1882), *Church of Saint Ursula and Her Companions in Cologne*, A. Seche, [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [14071164](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14071164), [OL](/source/OL_(identifier)) [23525129M](https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23525129M) 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911_4-4) [Baedeker 1911](#CITEREFBaedeker1911). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-heilbrunn08euwc_5-0)** ["Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events"](http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=08®ion=euwc#/Key-Events). *Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History*. New York: [Metropolitan Museum of Art](/source/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art). 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Birt, [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2027/mdp.39015030762572](https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015030762572) - Monsieur de Blainville (1757), ["Cologne"](https://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughho01blai#page/64/mode/2up), *Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy*, Translated by Turnbull, London: John Noon - [Theodore Alois Buckley](/source/Theodore_Alois_Buckley) (1862), ["Cologne"](https://archive.org/stream/greatcitiesofmid00buck#page/384/mode/2up), *Great Cities of the Middle Ages* (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge - ["Cologne"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cologne). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 697–699. - ["Cologne"](https://archive.org/stream/rhineincludingb00firgoog#page/n110/mode/2up), *The Rhine*, Leipzig: [Karl Baedeker](/source/List_of_Baedeker_Guides), 1911, [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [21888483](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21888483) - "Cologne, Key City of the Rhineland", *[National Geographic Magazine](/source/National_Geographic_(magazine))*, vol. 69, Washington DC, 1936 - Robert E. Dickinson (1961). ["Structure of the German City: Cologne"](https://books.google.com/books?id=OXH6AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81). *The West European City* (2nd ed.). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-136-25970-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-25970-8). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date)) - John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Cologne". [*Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia*](https://books.google.com/books?id=p4uHav3mZLsC). [Garland Publishing](/source/Garland_Publishing). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8240-7644-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-7644-3). - Jonathan Bikker (2006). "Cologne, the 'German Rome,' in Views by Berckheyde and van der Heyden and the Journals of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Tourists". *Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art*. **32** (4): 273–290. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20355338](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20355338). - Jeffry M. Diefendorf (2008). ["Reconciling competing pasts in postwar Cologne"](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005671274). In [Gavriel David Rosenfeld](/source/Gavriel_David_Rosenfeld); Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). *Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past*. USA: University of Michigan Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-472-11611-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11611-9) – via HathiTrust. (fulltext) - E. Rail (29 March 2012). ["36 Hours: Cologne, Germany"](https://travel.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/travel/36-hours-cologne-germany.html). *New York Times*. ### in German - ["Cölln"](https://books.google.com/books?id=sXZXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA49-IA29). *Topographia Archiepiscopatuum Moguntinensis, Trevirensis et Coloniensis*. [Topographia Germaniae](/source/Topographia_Germaniae) (in German). Frankfurt. 1646. p. 60+. - [*Cöln*](http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005973313). Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 12–14. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1875–1877 – via HathiTrust. - [Karl von Hegel](/source/Karl_von_Hegel) (1891). "Koln". *Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter* (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2027/wu.89094689700](https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fwu.89094689700) – via HathiTrust. - [Paul Clemen](/source/Paul_Clemen), ed. (1906). [*Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Koln*](https://books.google.com/books?id=NS5AAAAAYAAJ). Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). Vol. 6. Dusseldorf: Schwann. - P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). ["Coln"](http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394). *Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas* [*Meyer's Atlas of German Cities*] (in German). Leipzig: [Bibliographisches Institut](/source/Bibliographisches_Institut). - *Koln*, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 2, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1979, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3891150008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3891150008) - Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Koln". [*Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum*](https://books.google.com/books?id=spvoBQAAQBAJ) (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1093–1152. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-11-029555-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-029555-9). ## External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to [History of Cologne](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Cologne). - Europeana. [Items related to Cologne](https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=cologne+germany&rows=96), various dates. [50°57′00″N 6°58′00″E / 50.95°N 6.966667°E / 50.95; 6.966667](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Timeline_of_Cologne¶ms=50.95_N_6.966667_E_type:city_region:DE) v t e Years in Germany (1871–present) 19th century Pre-1871 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 20th century 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 21st century 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Timeline of Cologne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Cologne) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Cologne?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.