# Tiki > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tiki > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tiki.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki > Source revision: 1356738742 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|First man in Māori mythology}} {{about|the large Polynesian carvings in humanoid form|other uses|Tiki (disambiguation)}} [[File:Tiki1905.jpg|thumb|A [Māori](/source/M%C4%81ori_people) man painting a tattoo on a carved wooden tiki at [Whakarewarewa](/source/Whakarewarewa) model village, [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand), {{circa|1905}}]] [[File:Kii at Puuhonua O Honaunau 01.jpg|thumb|upright|Hawaiian ki{{okina}}i at [Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park](/source/Pu%CA%BBuhonua_o_H%C5%8Dnaunau_National_Historical_Park)]] [[File:Tiki_Marquesas_Louvre_MH_87-50-1.jpg|thumb|upright|Tiki [statuette](/source/statuette) from the [Marquesas](/source/Marquesas)]] In [Māori mythology](/source/M%C4%81ori_mythology), '''Tiki''' is the [first man](/source/List_of_protoplasts) created by either [Tūmatauenga](/source/T%C5%ABmatauenga) or [Tāne](/source/T%C4%81ne). He found the first woman, [Marikoriko](/source/Marikoriko), in a pond; she seduced him, and he became the father of [Hine-kau-ataata](/source/Hine-kau-ataata). By extension, a '''tiki''' is a large or small wooden, [pounamu](/source/pounamu) or other stone carving in humanoid form, although this is a somewhat archaic usage in the [Māori language](/source/M%C4%81ori_language), where a tiki is usually a [hei-tiki](/source/hei-tiki), a pendant worn around the neck. Hei-tiki are often considered [taonga](/source/taonga), especially if they are older and have been passed down throughout multiple generations. Carvings similar to tiki and coming to represent [deified ancestors](/source/Ancestor_worship) are found in most [Polynesian culture](/source/Polynesian_culture)s. They often serve to mark the boundaries of sacred or significant sites. The word has cognates in other [Polynesian language](/source/Polynesian_language)s, such as ''ti{{okina}}i'' in [Tahitian](/source/Tahitian_language) and ''ki{{okina}}i'' in [Hawaiian](/source/Hawaiian_language). In the [Western world](/source/Western_world), [Tiki culture](/source/Tiki_culture), a movement inspired by various Pacific cultures, has become popular in the 20th and 21st centuries. ==Religion== In traditions from the West Coast of the [South Island](/source/South_Island) of New Zealand, the first human is a woman created by [Tāne](/source/T%C4%81ne), god of forests and of birds. Usually her name is Hine-ahu-one. In other legends, Tāne makes the first man, Tiki, and then makes a wife for him. In some [West Coast](/source/West_Coast%2C_New_Zealand) versions, Tiki himself, as a son of [Rangi and Papa](/source/Rangi_and_Papa), creates the first human by mixing his own blood with clay, and Tāne then makes the first woman. Sometimes [Tūmatauenga](/source/T%C5%ABmatauenga), the war god, creates Tiki.{{efn|Tūmatauenga, god of war, represents man, as does Tāne, whose name means 'man'.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} }} In another story, the first woman is [Mārikoriko](/source/M%C4%81rikoriko). Tiki marries her, and their daughter is [Hine-kau-ataata](/source/Hine-kau-ataata).{{rp|151–152}}{{efn|John White attributes this version to Ngāti Hau.}} In some traditions, Tiki is the penis of Tāne.{{cite book |first=M. |last=Orbell |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of Māori Myth and Legend |publisher=Canterbury University Press |place=Christchurch |year=1998 |page=178}}{{rp|510–511}} In fact, Tiki is strongly associated with the origin of the reproductive act.{{efn|According to Reed, "it is certain that Tiki ... has a definite [phallic](/source/phallic) significance." However Te Rangi Hiroa (Sir Peter Buck) pointed out that such references were only found in one late and controversial source.{{cite book |first=T.R. (Sir Peter Buck) |last=Hiroa |title=The Coming of the Maori |edition=Second |orig-year=1949 |place=Wellington |publisher=Whitcombe and Tombs |year=1974}}}} In one story of Tiki among the many variants, Tiki was lonely and craved company. One day, seeing his reflection in a pool, he thought he had found a companion, and dived into the pool to seize it. The image shattered, and Tiki was disappointed. He fell asleep, and when he awoke, he saw the reflection again. He covered the pool with earth, and it gave birth to a woman. Tiki lived with her in serenity until one day the woman was excited by an [eel](/source/eel). Her excitement passed to Tiki, and the first reproductive act resulted.{{cite book |first=A.W. |last=Reed |title=Treasury of Maori Folklore |publisher=A.H. & A.W. Reed |place=Wellington |year=1963 |page=52}} ===Names and epithets=== [[File:Tiki statue shop 2, Hawaii, 1959.jpg|thumb|right|Tiki statue shop, [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii), {{circa}} 1959]] John White names several Tiki or perhaps manifestations of Tiki in Māori tradition:{{cite book |author-link=John White (ethnographer) |first=John |last=White |title=The Ancient History of the Maori |publisher=Government Printer |place=Wellington |year=1887–1891}}{{rp|142}} * Tiki-tohua, the progenitor of birds{{efn|In this story, Tiki-tohua was an egg produced by Hine-ahu-one, a woman made by Tāne to be his wife. This egg gave rise to all the birds.{{cite book |first=E. |last=Shortland |title=Maori Religion and Mythology |publisher=Longman, Green |place=London |year=1882 |page=22}}}} * Tiki-kapakapa, the progenitor of fish and of a bird, the [tūī](/source/t%C5%AB%C4%AB){{efn|Tiki-kapakapa (born after Tiki-tohua) was a girl who later took the name Hine-a-tauira. She and Tāne had a daughter named Hine-titamauri who was given to Tiki as his wife.}} * Tiki-auaha, the progenitor of humanity * Tiki-whakaeaea, the progenitor of the [kūmara](/source/Sweet_potato). ===Elsewhere in Polynesia=== The word appears as ''tiki'' in [New Zealand Māori](/source/M%C4%81ori_language), [Cook Islands Māori](/source/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori), [Tuamotuan](/source/Tuamotuan_language), and [Marquesan](/source/Marquesan_language); as ''ti{{okina}}i'' in [Tahitian](/source/Tahitian_language), and as ''ki{{okina}}i'' in [Hawaiian](/source/Hawaiian_language). The word has not been recorded from the languages of Western Polynesia or in the [Rapa Nui language](/source/Rapa_Nui_language).{{Cite web |url=http://pollex.org.nz/entry/tiki.1/ |title=Entries for TIKI .1 [CE] Carved human image |website=pollex.org.nz |access-date=2018-03-02 |df=dmy-all}} * In [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii)an traditions the first man was Kumuhonua. He was made by [Kāne](/source/K%C4%81ne), or by Kāne, [Kū](/source/K%C5%AB), and [Lono](/source/Lono). His body was made by mixing red earth with saliva. He was made in the shape of Kāne, who carried the earth from which the man was made from the four corners of the world. A woman was made from one of his ribs.{{cite book |last1=Tregear |first1=Edward |title=Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary |date=2007 |orig-date=1891 |publisher=Lyon and Blair |location=Wellington, N. Z. |isbn=9781432664893 |url=https://archive.org/stream/maoripolynesian00treggoog?ref=ol#page/n540/mode/2up/search/Ivi |access-date=28 September 2019}}{{rp|511}} [Kanaloa](/source/Kanaloa) was watching when Kāne made the first man, and he too made a man, but could not bring him to life. Kanaloa then said to Kāne, “I will take your man, and he will die.” And so death came upon humankind.{{rp|151}} * In [Tahiti](/source/Tahiti), Ti{{okina}}i was the first man, and was made from red earth. The first woman was Ivi, who was made from one of the bones (ivi) of Ti{{okina}}i.{{rp|151}} * In the [Marquesas Islands](/source/Marquesas_Islands), there are various accounts. In one legend Atea and his wife created people. In another tradition Atanua and her father Atea brought forth humans.{{rp|151}} * In the [Cook Islands](/source/Cook_Islands), traditions also vary. At [Rarotonga](/source/Rarotonga), Tiki is the guardian of the entrance to Avaiki, the underworld. Offerings were made to him as gifts for the departing soul of someone who is dying. At [Mangaia](/source/Mangaia), Tiki is a woman, the sister of Veetini, the first person to die a natural death. The entrance to Avaiki (the underworld) is called ‘the chasm of Tiki’.{{rp|151}} ==See also== {{Commons category|Tiki}} {{wiktionary|tiki}} * [Hei-tiki](/source/Hei-tiki), Māori neck pendants, often called tiki * [Moai](/source/Moai), a monolithic human figure on Easter Island, sometimes erroneously called tiki * [Tiki culture](/source/Tiki_culture), a 20th-century decorative style used in Polynesian-themed restaurants * [Taotao](/source/Anito), similar carvings of ancestral and nature spirits in the Philippine islands * [Totem pole](/source/Totem_pole), artworks similar in shape and purpose from Cascadian cultures * [Chemamüll](/source/Chemam%C3%BCll), Mapuche statues * [Enchanted Tiki Room](/source/Enchanted_Tiki_Room), a Disney attraction ==Footnotes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} Category:Polynesian mythology Category:Polynesian words and phrases Category:Polynesian culture Category:Legendary Māori people Category:Legendary progenitors Category:Religious objects Category:Austronesian spirituality Category:Mythological first humans --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.