# Tier 2 network

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{{Short description|Internet service provider leasing connectivity from one or more primary ("Tier 1") ISPs
}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2013}}
thumb|upright=1.5|Relationship between the various tiers of Internet providers
A '''Tier 2 network''' is an [Internet service provider](/source/Internet_service_provider) which engages in the practice of [peering](/source/peering) with other networks, but which also purchases [IP transit](/source/IP_transit) to reach some portion of the [Internet](/source/Internet).<ref>{{cite web | title=What is a Tier 2 ISP?|last1=Norton |first1=William B.|url=https://drpeering.net/white-papers/Ecosystems/Tier-2-ISP.html |website=DrPeering |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>

Tier 2 providers are the most common Internet service providers, as it is much easier to purchase [transit](/source/Internet_transit) from a [Tier 1 network](/source/Tier_1_network) than to peer with them and attempt to become a Tier 1 carrier.

The term '''Tier 3''' is sometimes also used to describe networks who solely purchase IP transit from other networks to reach the Internet.

==List of large or important Tier 2 networks==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! [AS Number](/source/Autonomous_system_(Internet))
! August 2021 [degree](/source/degree_(graph_theory))<ref name="CAIDA AS ranking">{{Cite web|url=https://asrank.caida.org/|title=AS Rank: A ranking of the largest Autonomous Systems (AS) in the Internet.|website=asrank.caida.org}}</ref><ref name="caida.org">[http://www.caida.org/research/topology/as_core_network/ Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale] April 2005</ref>
! Reason
|-
| [Hurricane Electric](/source/Hurricane_Electric)
| 6939
| 9243
| IPv4: Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://as-rank.caida.org/?mode0=as-info&mode1=as-table&as=6939|title=CAIDA AS Rank|accessdate=2015-07-29|date=2016-01-25}}</ref><br />
IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://mailman.nanog.org/pipermail/nanog/2016-March/084611.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135041/https://mailman.nanog.org/pipermail/nanog/2016-March/084611.html|archive-date=2018-06-15|title=Cogent - Google - HE Fun|date=2016-03-09|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Ben |first=Cartwright-Cox |date= |title=Network Partitions (HE and Cogent) |url=https://bgp.tools/kb/partitions |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=BGP.tools}}</ref>
|-
| [Cogent Communications](/source/Cogent_Communications)
| 174
| 7041
| IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to [Hurricane Electric](/source/Hurricane_Electric)/AS6939.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/>
|-
| [Telkom Indonesia International](/source/Telkom_Indonesia)
| 7713
| 551
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Telecom Italia Sparkle](/source/Telecom_Italia_Sparkle)/AS6762, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [Singtel](/source/Singtel)/AS7473.
|-
| [RETN](/source/RETN_(Network_Services_Provider))
| 9002
| 1446
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Telecom Italia Sparkle](/source/Telecom_Italia_Sparkle)/AS6762.
|-
| [next layer](/source/next_layer)
| 1764
| 987
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology)/AS3257.
|-
| [meerfarbig](/source/meerfarbig)
| 34549
| 688
| Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology).
|-
| [Korea Telecom](/source/KT_Corporation)
| 4766
| 578
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Telecom Italia Sparkle](/source/Telecom_Italia_Sparkle)/AS6762.
|-
| [http://www.fibrenoire.ca/en/ Fibrenoire]
| 22652
| 127
| Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology)/AS3257.
|-
| [SK broadband](/source/SK_broadband)
| 9318
| 537
| Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [PCCW Global](/source/PCCW)/AS3491, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701.
|-
| [TDC](/source/TDC_A%2FS)
| 3292
| 191
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299.
|-
| [Internet Initiative Japan](/source/Internet_Initiative_Japan)
| 2497
| 329
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [Vodafone](/source/Vodafone) (formerly [Cable and Wireless](/source/Cable_%26_Wireless_Worldwide))
| 1273
| 303
| Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299.
|-
| [KDDI](/source/KDDI)
| 2516
| 308
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology)/AS3257.
|-
| [http://www.moratelindo.co.id/en/ PT Mora Telematika Indonesia]
| 23947
| 243
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology)/AS3257, [Hurricane Electric](/source/Hurricane_Electric)/AS6939.
|-
| [China Telecom](/source/China_Telecom)
| 4134/4809
| 318
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701, [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356.
|-
| [China Unicom](/source/China_Unicom)
| 4837
| 310
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701, [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Orange S.A.](/source/Orange_S.A.)/AS5511.
|-
| [Chunghwa Telecom](/source/Chunghwa_Telecom)
| 3462
| 364
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174.
|-
| [British Telecom](/source/British_Telecom)
| 5400
| 151
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [Comcast](/source/Comcast)
| 7922
| 192
| Purchases transit from [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [Tele2](/source/Tele2) (formerly SWIPNet)
| 1257
| 167
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174.
|-
| [KCOM Group](/source/KCOM_Group)
| 12390
| 69
| Purchases transit from [KPN](/source/KPN)/AS286, [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [https://www.spiritcom.com/ Spirit Communications]
| 2711
| 82
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [Stealth Communications](/source/Stealth_Communications)
| 8002
| 47
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [Internap](/source/Internap)
| 14744
| 33
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Verizon](/source/Verizon)/AS701.
|-
| [http://www.fiberring.com/ FiberRing]
| 38930
| 35
| Purchases transit from [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174.
|-
| [Core-Backbone GmbH](/source/Core-Backbone_GmbH)
| 33891
| 1311
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299.
|-
| [https://www.fibertelecom.com/ Fiber Telecom]
| 41327
| 2145
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [GTT](/source/Global_Telecom_%26_Technology)/AS3257, [Telecom Italia Sparkle](/source/Telecom_Italia_Sparkle)/AS6762, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299.
|-
| [Singtel](/source/Singtel)
| 7473
| 359
| Purchases transit from [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [Zayo](/source/Zayo_Group)/AS6461, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453, [PCCW Global](/source/PCCW)/AS3491.
|-
| [http://www.sg.gs/ SG.GS]
| 24482
| 417
| Purchases IP transit from [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Tata Communications](/source/Tata_Communications)/AS6453.
|-
| [https://turktelekomint.com/ Turk Telekom International]<br />(d/b/a Euroweb.ro)
| 9121/6663
| 250
| Purchases IP transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier](/source/Deutsche_Telekom_Global_Carrier)/AS3320, [China Telecom](/source/China_Telecom)/AS4134&AS4809.
|-
| [EdgeUno](/source/EdgeUno)
| 7195
| 758
| Purchases transit from [Lumen](/source/Lumen_Technologies)/AS3356, [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [Arelion](/source/Arelion)/AS1299, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914.
|-
| [C Spire](/source/C_Spire)
| 11272
| 523
| Purchases transit from [Cogent](/source/Cogent_Communications)/AS174, [NTT America](/source/NTT_Communications_Corp)/AS2914, [Zayo](/source/Zayo_Group)/AS6461.
|-
|}

==See also==
* [Peering](/source/Peering)
*[Network access point](/source/Network_access_point)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{telecommunications}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tier 2 Network}}
Category:Internet architecture

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tier 2 network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_2_network) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_2_network?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.