# Tibil

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{{Short description|World or Earth in Mandaeism}}
{{Mandaeism}}
In [Mandaean cosmology](/source/Mandaean_cosmology), '''Tibil''' ({{langx|myz|ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ}}) or occasionally '''Arqa ḏ-Tibil''' (lit. "Tibil-Earth")<ref name="Nasoraia 2021">{{cite book|last=Nasoraia|first=Brikha H.S.|author-link=Brikha Nasoraia|title=The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought|publisher=Sterling|publication-place=New Delhi|year=2021|isbn=978-81-950824-1-4|oclc=1272858968}}</ref> is the [Earth](/source/Earth) (World) or earthly middle realm. It is separated from the [World of Light](/source/World_of_Light) (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') above and the [World of Darkness](/source/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)) (''alma ḏ-hšuka'') below by ''ayar'' ([aether](/source/aether_(classical_element))).<ref name="Aldihisi 2008">{{cite thesis|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444088/|last=Aldihisi|first=Sabah|year=2008|title=The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba|type=PhD|publisher=University College London}}</ref>

To reach the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') from Tibil, Mandaeans believe that need they to establish ''[laufa](/source/laufa)'' (connection, union) to be reunited with the World of Light. The ''laufa'' is re-created and reconfirmed by priests through rituals such as ''[maṣbuta](/source/ma%E1%B9%A3buta)'' (baptism). Upon death, priests must perform ''[masiqta](/source/masiqta)'' rituals to help the departed soul successfully navigate from Tibil through the various ''[maṭarta](/source/ma%E1%B9%ADarta)'' (watch-stations) that lie in between, in order to reach the World of Light.<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[Häberl](/source/Charles_G._H%C3%A4berl) (2022) considers Tibil to be a borrowing from Hebrew ''tebel'' ({{langx|he|תֵבֵל}}).<ref name="Häberl 2022">{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1 | page=220}}</ref>

==See also==
*[Gaia](/source/Gaia)
*[Midgard](/source/Midgard) in Norse mythology
*[Middle-earth](/source/Middle-earth) in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels
*[Ki (goddess)](/source/Ki_(goddess)) in Mesopotamian mythology

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mandaeism footer}}

Category:Mandaean cosmology
Category:Mandaic words and phrases
Category:Earth in religion

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tibil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibil) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibil?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.