# Tholobate

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{{Short description|Architectural feature on domes}}
{{One source|date=August 2024}}
[[File:Dome on the State Capitol building in Harrisburg Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Dome upon tholobate of the [Pennsylvania State Capitol](/source/Pennsylvania_State_Capitol), [Harrisburg](/source/Harrisburg%2C_Pennsylvania)]]

A '''tholobate''' ({{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|θολοβάτης}}'' ({{grc-transl|θολοβάτης}})|dome pedestal}}), also called a '''drum''' or '''[tambour](/source/tambour)''', is the upright part of a building on which a [dome](/source/dome) is raised.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Tholobate|volume=26|page=862}}</ref> It is generally in the shape of a [cylinder](/source/cylinder) or a [polygon](/source/polygon)al [prism](/source/prism_(geometry)). The name derives from the [tholos](/source/tholos_(architecture)), the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning of ''drum'' is a circular section of a [column](/source/column) shaft.

== Examples ==
In the earlier [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Empire) [church](/source/Church_(building)) [architecture](/source/architecture) the dome rested directly on the [pendentive](/source/pendentive)s and the windows were pierced in the dome itself; in later examples, an intervening circular wall containing windows was built between the pendentive and the dome. This is the type which was universally employed by the architects of the [Renaissance](/source/Renaissance_architecture), of whose works the best-known example is [St. Peter's Basilica](/source/St._Peter's_Basilica) at [Rome](/source/Rome). Other examples of churches of this type are [St Paul's Cathedral](/source/St_Paul's_Cathedral) in [London](/source/London) and the churches of the [Les Invalides](/source/Les_Invalides), the [Val-de-Grâce](/source/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce), and the [Sorbonne](/source/Sorbonne_(building)) in [Paris](/source/Paris).<ref name="EB1911"/>

Tholobates are also used in secular buildings: the [United States Capitol dome](/source/United_States_Capitol_dome) in Washington, D.C., is set on a drum, a feature imitated in numerous American [state capitol](/source/List_of_state_and_territorial_capitols_in_the_United_States)s. The [Panthéon](/source/Panth%C3%A9on) in Paris is another secular building featuring a dome on a drum. St Paul's Cathedral and the Panthéon were the two inspirations for the U.S. Capitol.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} In contrast, the dome of the [Reichstag building](/source/Reichstag_building) in Berlin before its post-war restoration was a [quadrilateral](/source/quadrilateral), so its tholobate was square and not round.

== Gallery ==
<gallery heights="220" mode="packed">
Reichstag-1870.jpg|The [Reichstag](/source/Reichstag_building) in [Berlin](/source/Berlin), with a square tholobate ([Photochrom Zürich](/source/Photoglob_Z%C3%BCrich), ca. 1894)
Kingston City Hall in 2007.jpg|Tholobate atop [Kingston City Hall](/source/Kingston_City_Hall_(Ontario)) in [Canada](/source/Canada)
Harichavank-Harich1 - Copy.JPG|Tholobate on [Harichavank Monastery](/source/Harichavank_Monastery) in [Armenia](/source/Armenia)
File:L1370487.jpg|A row of Greek column drums (unfinished), at the [Temple of Apollo, Didyma](/source/Temple_of_Apollo%2C_Didyma)
</gallery>
{{-}}

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Tholobates}}
* [Cupola](/source/Cupola) - a smaller tholobate with a dome
* [Roof lantern](/source/Roof_lantern)s are sometimes placed ''above'' a dome

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Category:Architectural elements

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tholobate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholobate) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholobate?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.