# Thamnolia

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Genus of lichen

Thamnolia Thamnolia vermicularis Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Lecanoromycetes Order: Pertusariales Family: Icmadophilaceae Genus: Thamnolia Ach. ex Schaer. (1850) Type species Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. (1850) Species T. juncea T. papelillo T. subuliformis T. taurica T. tundrae T. vermicularis Synonyms[1] Cerania Gray (1821)

***Thamnolia*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [lichens](/source/Lichen) in the family [Icmadophilaceae](/source/Icmadophilaceae).[2] Members of the genus are [commonly called](/source/List_of_common_names_of_lichen_genera) **whiteworm lichens**.

Two species of *Thamnolia* are used by ethnic peoples of [Yunnan Province](/source/Yunnan_Province) (China) as a component of purported health-promoting tea: *Thamnolia vermicularis*, and *T. subuliformis*.[3]

## Taxonomy

*Thamnolia* has a long history of unsettled [circumscription](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)). A review of the genus reports that 67 names were published in *Thamnolia* between 1850 and 2020, but 22 of these names actually apply to unrelated genera; many of the remaining names were proposed at [infraspecific](/source/Infraspecific_name) rank rather than as separate species.[4]

Taxa in *Thamnolia* were traditionally separated using a small set of visible [characters](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#characters), especially whether the [thallus](/source/Thallus) is hollow or solid, overall branching pattern, and secondary chemistry. Two main chemical profiles were emphasized: thalli producing [thamnolic](/source/Thamnolic_acid) (and [decarboxythamnolic](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decarboxythamnolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1)) acid do not [fluoresce](/source/Fluoresce) under [ultraviolet](/source/Ultraviolet) light (UV−), whereas thalli producing [squamatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Squamatic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1) and [baeomycesic acids](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baeomycesic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1) fluoresce yellow (UV+ yellow). Because these chemical and [morphological](/source/Morphology_(biology)) traits do not reliably correlate, authors have alternated between treating the genus as a single variable species and recognizing multiple [taxa](/source/Taxon) defined mainly by either morphology or chemistry (or both).[4]

More recent multi-marker phylogenetic work is summarised as supporting three principal [lineages](/source/Lineage_(evolution)): one widespread, one [subarctic](/source/Subarctic), and one restricted to the [Alps](/source/Alps). The widespread lineage in particular shows little consistent correspondence with the traditional morphological and chemical characters, and the review argues that the best treatment is to recognise the three lineages as separate species: *Thamnolia vermicularis* for the widespread lineage (including material previously treated as *T. subuliformis*), *T. tundrae* for the subarctic lineage, and *T. taurica* for the Alpine lineage. Although [sexual reproduction](/source/Sexual_reproduction) in *Thamnolia* is not known, the review points to molecular signals of past [recombination](/source/Genetic_recombination) within (but not between) these lineages, and to their overlapping ranges, as evidence that they represent reproductively isolated entities.[4]

## Species

- *[Thamnolia juncea](/source/Thamnolia_juncea)* R.Sant. (2004)[5]

- *[Thamnolia papelillo](/source/Thamnolia_papelillo)* R.Sant. (2004)[5]

- *[Thamnolia subuliformis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thamnolia_subuliformis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehrh.) W.L.Culb. (1963)

- *[Thamnolia taurica](/source/Thamnolia_taurica)* (Wulfen) A.Massal. (1856)

- *[Thamnolia tundrae](/source/Thamnolia_tundrae)* Brännström & Tibell (2018)[6]

- *[Thamnolia vermicularis](/source/Thamnolia_vermicularis)* (Sw.) Schaer. (1850)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Species_Fungorum_synonymy_1-0)** ["Synonymy: *Thamnolia* Ach. ex Schaer., Enum. critic. lich. europ. (Bern): 243 (1850)"](http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=5400). [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum). Retrieved 16 June 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wijayawardene_et_al._2020_2-0)** Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). ["Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"](https://doi.org/10.5943%2Fmycosphere%2F11%2F1%2F8). *Mycosphere*. **11**: 1060–1456. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8](https://doi.org/10.5943%2Fmycosphere%2F11%2F1%2F8). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2437/291201](https://hdl.handle.net/2437%2F291201).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wang_et_al._2001_3-0)** Wang, Li-song; Narui, Takao; Harada, Hiroshi; [Culberson, Chicita F.](/source/Chicita_F._Culberson); [Culberson, William Louis](/source/William_Louis_Culberson) (2001). "Ethnic uses of lichens in Yunnan, China". *The Bryologist*. **104** (3): 345–349. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104\[0345:EUOLIY\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1639%2F0007-2745%282001%29104%5B0345%3AEUOLIY%5D2.0.CO%3B2).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2021_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2021_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lücking_et_al._2021_4-2) Lücking, Robert; Leavitt, Steven D.; Hawksworth, David L. (2021). ["Species in lichen-forming fungi: balancing between conceptual and practical considerations, and between phenotype and phylogenomics"](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7.pdf) (PDF). *Fungal Diversity*. **109** (1): 99–154. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13225-021-00477-7).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Santesson_2004_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Santesson_2004_5-1) Santesson, R. (2004). "Two new species of *Thamnolia*". *Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses*. **34** (1): 393–397.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Onut-Brännström_et_al._2018_6-0)** Onut-Brännström, Ioana; [Johannesson, Hanna](/source/Hanna_Johannesson); Tibell, Leif (2018). "*Thamnolia tundrae* sp. nov., a cryptic species and putative glacial relict". *The Lichenologist*. **50** (1): 59–75. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/S0024282917000615](https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0024282917000615).

Taxon identifiers Thamnolia Wikidata: Q7710031 Wikispecies: Thamnolia AusLichen: 30020043 CoL: 7V92 EPPO: 1THMLG GBIF: 2600374 iNaturalist: 174824 IndexFungorum: 5400 IRMNG: 1295704 ITIS: 192028 MycoBank: 5400 NBN: NHMSYS0001499499 NCBI: 83479 NZOR: c0d5fb76-3977-4c23-bcaa-61197054edb0 Open Tree of Life: 444941 PLANTS: THAMN3 SpeciesFungorum: 5400

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Thamnolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamnolia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamnolia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.